Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin...

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Risk Assessment Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site United Creosoting Site TX TX Anuradha Desai , Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin Anuradha Desai , Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin Hazard Hazard Identification Identification Risk Risk Characterization Characterization Toxicity Toxicity Assessment Assessment Exposure Exposure Assessment Assessment

Transcript of Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin...

Page 1: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Risk Assessment Risk Assessment United Creosoting SiteUnited Creosoting Site

TXTX

Anuradha Desai , Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun LinAnuradha Desai , Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin

Hazard Hazard IdentificationIdentification

Risk Risk CharacterizationCharacterization

Toxicity Toxicity AssessmentAssessment

Exposure Exposure AssessmentAssessment

Page 2: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

OutlineOutline

OverviewOverview

Problem at the siteProblem at the site

objectives of Risk Assessmentobjectives of Risk Assessment Site BackgroundSite Background Identification of COCsIdentification of COCs Exposure AssessmentExposure Assessment Toxicity AssessmentToxicity Assessment Risk CharacterizationRisk Characterization

Page 3: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Site BackgroundSite Background

United Creosoting SiteUnited Creosoting Site Size 100 acresSize 100 acres Located at Conroe, TexasLocated at Conroe, Texas Operated a wood Operated a wood

preserving facility at the preserving facility at the sitesite

Page 4: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Site DescriptionSite Description 13000 people live within 2 miles of the site.13000 people live within 2 miles of the site. Land use pattern Land use pattern Distribution companyDistribution company Sisco Construction companySisco Construction company Tangle wood east subdivision – residential area, Tangle wood east subdivision – residential area,

supports about 225 residents.supports about 225 residents. Site holds two waste lagoons which are now filledSite holds two waste lagoons which are now filled 35,000 cubic yards of contaminated soil in the two filled waste lagoons and in the residential area. 43,000,000 gallons of contaminated ground water

Page 5: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

United Creosoting SiteUnited Creosoting Site

Page 6: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Site historySite history 1946-1972 Operated as a wood treatment facility1946-1972 Operated as a wood treatment facility 1972 Facility was closed and was redeveloped for 1972 Facility was closed and was redeveloped for

light industrial use and a residential area was light industrial use and a residential area was

built adjacent to it.built adjacent to it. 1980 County excavated soil from the site to use as a 1980 County excavated soil from the site to use as a

fill along roads in the area. Subsequent fill along roads in the area. Subsequent

investigation revealed contamination at the siteinvestigation revealed contamination at the site 1983 EPA proposed the site for NPL1983 EPA proposed the site for NPL 1984 Remedial investigation begun1984 Remedial investigation begun

Page 7: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Site History Contd…..Site History Contd…..

1986 EPA issued a record of decision for temporary1986 EPA issued a record of decision for temporary

remedy.remedy. 1989 EPA issued a second record of decision for1989 EPA issued a second record of decision for

removing the contaminants from the soil.removing the contaminants from the soil. 1990 Remedial action began on residential properties1990 Remedial action began on residential properties 1993 Remediation of residential properties was 1993 Remediation of residential properties was

completecomplete 1994 Remedial action began on industrial property1994 Remedial action began on industrial property 1999 Remedial action was completed1999 Remedial action was completed

Page 8: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Site contaminants and operationsSite contaminants and operations

Principal pollutantsPrincipal pollutants Pentachlorophenol (PCP)Pentachlorophenol (PCP) Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Chlorinated Dioxins (CDDs)Chlorinated Dioxins (CDDs) Chlorinated furans (CDFs)Chlorinated furans (CDFs)

Site OperationsSite Operations

Treatment of wood under pressure with preservative Treatment of wood under pressure with preservative

chemicals like PCP and creosote.chemicals like PCP and creosote.

Page 9: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Identification of chemicals of concernIdentification of chemicals of concern Sampling locationsSampling locations Tanglewood east division (Residential)Tanglewood east division (Residential) Industrial area of the siteIndustrial area of the site Sampling MediaSampling Media Soil (surface and subsurface)Soil (surface and subsurface) SedimentsSediments GroundwaterGroundwater BiotaBiota AirAir Criteria for screeningCriteria for screening ToxicityToxicity Concentrations in the mediaConcentrations in the media PathwayPathway Fate and transport characteristicsFate and transport characteristics

Page 10: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Chemicals of concernChemicals of concern

Non CarcinogensNon Carcinogens AcenaphtheneAcenaphthene Pentachlorophenol(PCP)Pentachlorophenol(PCP) DibenzofuranDibenzofuran PyrenePyrene NaphthaleneNaphthalene

CarcinogensCarcinogens Benzo-a-pyreneBenzo-a-pyrene Benzo-a-anthraceneBenzo-a-anthracene ChryseneChrysene HxCDDHxCDD HxCDFHxCDF HpCDDHpCDD HpCDFHpCDF PeCDDPeCDD OCDFOCDF OCDDOCDD

Page 11: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Exposure Assessment

Characterization of exposure settingCharacterization of exposure setting Nearest drinking water well is 1.8 miles southeast Nearest drinking water well is 1.8 miles southeast

of the siteof the site Shallow water bearing zone is 25 feet deep and is Shallow water bearing zone is 25 feet deep and is

not used at presentnot used at present Water bearing used for supply is 100 feet deepWater bearing used for supply is 100 feet deep Potentially exposed populationPotentially exposed population Residents (Tanglewood east division)Residents (Tanglewood east division) Onsite workersOnsite workers Workers involved in remediationWorkers involved in remediation

Page 12: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Pathway AnalysesPathway AnalysesSourceSource United Creosoting United Creosoting

facilityfacilityUnited Creosoting United Creosoting facilityfacility

MediaMedia Surface SoilSurface Soil Subsurface SoilSubsurface Soil SedimentSediment

Transport in the Transport in the mediamedia

Contamination Contamination through waste through waste lagoonslagoons

Contamination Contamination through waste through waste lagoonslagoons

Exposure pointExposure point Tanglewood east Tanglewood east division division

Industrial area Industrial area around the sitearound the site

RouteRoute DermalDermal IngestionIngestion

Dermal Dermal IngestionIngestion

Potential Potential ReceptorsReceptors

ResidentsResidents Onsite workersOnsite workers

Remedial workersRemedial workers

Page 13: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Exposure Quantification Exposure Quantification Residential Area (surface soil)Residential Area (surface soil)

Chemicals of ConcernConcentration

1990 Mg/KgConcentration 1985

Mg/KgRBC Mg/Kg/day

Acenaphthene 0.67 2600 3.70E+03

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) 37 150 1.50E+02

Pyrene 160 2800 3

Naphthalene 0.076 ND 2.30E+03

Benzo(a)anthracene 35 2000 1.20E+02

Benzo(a)pyrene 72 650 6.20E-01

Chrysene 97 2000 6.20E-02

PeCDD 0.004 0.0073 6.20E+01

HxCDD 0.203 0.0076 NA

HpCDD 1 0.72 NA

OCDD 2.8 6 NA

HxCDF 0.053 0.14 NA

HpCDF 0.137 0.89 NA

OCDF 0.42 1.5 NA

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Exposure QuantificationExposure QuantificationIndustrial area (Subsurface soil)Industrial area (Subsurface soil)

Chemicals of ConcernConcentration (1990) Mg/Kg

Concentration (1985) Mg/Kg RBC Mg/Kg/day

Acenaphthene 220 860 3.30E+04

Dibenzofuran 190 930 1.70E+03

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) 96 1100 1.00E+01

Pyrene 620 1600 3.20E+04

Naphthalene 67 1200 2.10E+02

Benzo(a)anthracene 34 180 2.3

Benzo(a)pyrene 13 5 0.23

Chrysene 35 130 2.30E+02

PeCDD ND 0.021 NA

HxCDD 0.003 0.007 NA

HpCDD 0.072 0.41 NA

OCDD 0.383 0.24 NA

HxCDF 0.005 0.018 NA

HpCDF 0.046 0.037 NA

OCDF 0.066 0.012 NA

Page 15: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Groundwater – (Onsite & vicinity of the Groundwater – (Onsite & vicinity of the residential area)residential area)

Chemicals of ConcernConcentration 1985 Mg/L GW StdsMg/L

Acenaphthene 490 3.70E-02

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) 0.22 5.00E-02

Dibenzofuran 410 1.00E-02

Pyrene 450 1.80E-02

Naphthalene 1,200 3.30E-01

Benzo(a)anthracene ND 1.00E-02

Benzo(a)pyrene ND 1.00E-02

Chrysene ND 1.00E-02

PeCDD 1.80E-06 NA

HxCDD 2.90E-06 NA

HpCDD 6.60E-05 NA

OCDD 4.80E-04 NA

HxCDF ND NA

HpCDF ND NA

OCDF ND NA

Page 16: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Exposure Assessment Contd….Exposure Assessment Contd….

Exposure pathways evaluatedExposure pathways evaluated Ingestion of soil Ingestion of soil Dermal exposure to soilDermal exposure to soil Ingestion of sedimentsIngestion of sediments Dermal exposure to sedimentsDermal exposure to sediments Ingestion of groundwaterIngestion of groundwater

Pathways eliminatedPathways eliminated InhalationInhalation Ingestion of biotaIngestion of biota

Page 17: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Toxicity AssessmentToxicity Assessment Non CarcinogensNon Carcinogens PCPPCP

Detrimental effects on the liver, kidney, lungs, Detrimental effects on the liver, kidney, lungs, nervous system, immune system and GI tract.nervous system, immune system and GI tract.

PyrenePyrene

Attacks the kidney and liverAttacks the kidney and liver AcenaphtheneAcenaphthene

causes irritation to the skin and mucous membranecauses irritation to the skin and mucous membrane DibenzofuranDibenzofuran

Causes rashes, irritation to the skin, nose & throatCauses rashes, irritation to the skin, nose & throat NaphthaleneNaphthalene

Hemolytic anemia. Reduction in the appetite of Hemolytic anemia. Reduction in the appetite of childrenchildren

Page 18: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Toxicity Assessment Contd…Toxicity Assessment Contd…

CarcinogensCarcinogens Benzo-a-Pyrene (Class A carcinogen)Benzo-a-Pyrene (Class A carcinogen)

Associated with dermatotoxicity. Damage to Associated with dermatotoxicity. Damage to

reproductive system.reproductive system. Benzo-a-anthracene / Chrysene (Class 2 carcinogen)Benzo-a-anthracene / Chrysene (Class 2 carcinogen)

Target organs include liver, kidney and fat.Target organs include liver, kidney and fat. Chlorinated DioxinsChlorinated Dioxins

Anticipated to increase the cancer risk at Anticipated to increase the cancer risk at

background levels of exposure. At higher levels background levels of exposure. At higher levels they can cause serious skin diseases.they can cause serious skin diseases.

Page 19: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Risk CharacterizationRisk Characterization SmartRisk software was used to evaluate the cancer and SmartRisk software was used to evaluate the cancer and

the non cancer risk from the chosen exposure routesthe non cancer risk from the chosen exposure routes.. Input to the SmartRiskInput to the SmartRisk Concentrations of the COCsConcentrations of the COCs Slope factors and RfDs (For carcinonogens and non –Slope factors and RfDs (For carcinonogens and non –

carcinogens Respectively)carcinogens Respectively) AssumptionsAssumptions Use of TEFs for the compounds for which slope Use of TEFs for the compounds for which slope

factors/RfDs were not available primarily the Dioxins factors/RfDs were not available primarily the Dioxins and Furans.and Furans.

Groundwater ingestion – The fraction ingested was Groundwater ingestion – The fraction ingested was assumed to be 1 in 1000 of a litre. assumed to be 1 in 1000 of a litre.

Page 20: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Risk Characterization Contd….Risk Characterization Contd….Results Cancer and non cancer risk (1985)Results Cancer and non cancer risk (1985)

Exposure pathway Scenario Adult Child

    CancerNon Cancer Cancer

Non cancer

Soil Ingestion Industrial 9.15E-04 1.64E-01    

  Residential 8.04E-03 1.94E-01 1.50E-02 1.81E+00

Dermal exposure to soil Industrial 3.07E-04 2.82E-02    

  Residential 3.03E-03 3.90E-02 3.80E-03 2.45E-01

Sediments Ingestion Industrial 2.52E-04 2.57E-03    

Dermal exposure to sediments Industrial 1.85E-04 1.03E-03    

Groundwater Ingestion Industrial 1.31E-10 1.81E-04    

Page 21: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Results Cancer and non cancer risk: Results Cancer and non cancer risk: Sampling year 1990Sampling year 1990

Exposure pathway Scenario Adult Child

    Cancer Non Cancer Cancer Non cancer

Soil Ingestion Industrial 7.77E-05 3.67E-02    

  Residential 4.00E-03 9.00E-03 7.54E-03 8.42E-02

Dermalexposure to soil Industrial 6.40E-05 6.04E-03    

  Residential 2.96E-03 2.61E-03 3.72E-03 1.64E-02

Page 22: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Cancer Risk Cancer Risk

Industrial scenarioIndustrial scenario

Adult – Soil Ingestion pathway -9.15e-4Adult – Soil Ingestion pathway -9.15e-4

Page 23: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Non cancer RiskNon cancer Risk

Industrial ScenarioIndustrial Scenario

Adult – Soil Ingestion pathway – 1.64e-1Adult – Soil Ingestion pathway – 1.64e-1

Page 24: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Cancer RiskCancer Risk

Residential ScenarioResidential Scenario

Adult – Soil IngestionAdult – Soil Ingestion – 8.04e-3 – 8.04e-3

Page 25: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Cancer RiskCancer Risk Residential scenarioResidential scenario

Child – Soil Ingestion – 1.5e-2Child – Soil Ingestion – 1.5e-2

Page 26: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Cancer RiskCancer Risk

ResidentialResidential

Adult – Dermal exposure to soil – 3.03e-3Adult – Dermal exposure to soil – 3.03e-3

Page 27: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Cancer RiskCancer Risk

Residential Residential

Child Dermal Exposure to soil – 3.83e-3Child Dermal Exposure to soil – 3.83e-3

Page 28: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Cancer RiskCancer Risk

IndustrialIndustrial

Adult – Dermal exposure to sediments – 1.85e-4Adult – Dermal exposure to sediments – 1.85e-4

Page 29: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Cancer riskCancer risk

IndustrialIndustrial

Adult – Soil Ingestion (1990) - 7.77e-5Adult – Soil Ingestion (1990) - 7.77e-5

Page 30: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Comparison of cancer risk for 1985 & 1990Comparison of cancer risk for 1985 & 1990AdultAdult

0.00E+00

1.00E-03

2.00E-03

3.00E-03

4.00E-03

5.00E-03

6.00E-03

7.00E-03

8.00E-03

9.00E-03

Risk

Soil Ingestion(industrial)

Soil Ingestion(Residential)

Dermal exposure(industrial)

Dermal exposure(Residential)

Scenario

Cancer Risk (Adult)

1985

1990

Page 31: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Comparison of cancer risk for child for Comparison of cancer risk for child for 1985 & 19901985 & 1990

0.00E+00

2.00E-03

4.00E-03

6.00E-03

8.00E-03

1.00E-02

1.20E-02

1.40E-02

1.60E-02

Risk

Soil Ingestion (Residential) Dermal exposure (Residential)

Scenario

Cancer Risk (Child)

1985

1990

Page 32: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Non cancer risk summaryNon cancer risk summaryFemales     HI CoC

Pathway Scenario Adult Child Adult Child

Soil Ingestion Industrial 1.64E-01   No  

  Residential 1.94E-01 1.81E+00 No Yes

Dermal exposure to soil Industrial 2.82E-02   No  

  Residential 3.90E-02 2.45E-01 No No

Sediments Ingestion Industrial 2.57E-03   No  

Dermal exposure to sediments Industrial 1.03E-03   No  

Groundwater Ingestion Industrial 1.81E-04   No  

Page 33: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

Mortality rates observed during the year Mortality rates observed during the year 1981-891981-89

Page 34: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

ConclusionsConclusions Ingestion and dermal exposure to contaminated soil and Ingestion and dermal exposure to contaminated soil and

sediments are potential exposure pathways for industrial sediments are potential exposure pathways for industrial workers as well as residents of Tanglewood east workers as well as residents of Tanglewood east subdivision.subdivision.

Ground water ingestion is not a pathway of concern.Ground water ingestion is not a pathway of concern. The non cancer risk is greatest for children for The non cancer risk is greatest for children for the soil ingestion pathway.the soil ingestion pathway. The cancer risk in the year 1990 for the The cancer risk in the year 1990 for the industrial workers has reduced considerably to what was industrial workers has reduced considerably to what was in the year 1985. in the year 1985. However residents are still a potential receptor population However residents are still a potential receptor population

for exposure to contaminated soil and sediment.for exposure to contaminated soil and sediment. The site posed a public health hazard in 1985.The site posed a public health hazard in 1985. However as of 1999 the site has been remediated and However as of 1999 the site has been remediated and

therefore may not pose a public health hazard at present.therefore may not pose a public health hazard at present.

Page 35: Risk Assessment United Creosoting Site TX Anuradha Desai, Alex Figaro, Wei-Chun Lin ExposureAssessment ToxicityAssessmentRiskCharacterization HazardIdentification.

ReferencesReferences

http://www.epa.gov/earth1r6/6pd/rcra_c/pd-o/midlhttp://www.epa.gov/earth1r6/6pd/rcra_c/pd-o/midlo.htmo.htm

http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/ucc/ucc_toc.hhttp://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/HAC/PHA/ucc/ucc_toc.htmltml

http://risk.lsd.ornl.gov/cgibin/tox/TOX_select?selehttp://risk.lsd.ornl.gov/cgibin/tox/TOX_select?select=csfct=csf

http://www.epa.gov/iris/http://www.epa.gov/iris/