RISE UP! YOU MIGHTY MOORS

8/18/2019 RISE UP! YOU MIGHTY MOORS

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/rise-up-you-mighty-moors 1/39

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

WHAT IS A MOOR?...........................................................................4

THE ORIGIN OF THE NAME “MOOR”………………………….6

THE RELIGION OF EL ISLAM……………………………………8

THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD……………………………………12

ISLAM PRIOR TO THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD…………….15

THE COMING OF THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD……………..15

THE NORTH AND SOUTH ARABS……………………………….1

THE PROPHEC! OF MUHAMMAD……………………………...18

THE SPREAD OF ISLAM B! AFRICAN MUSLIMS……………1"

THE FALL OF THE MOORISH #INGDOM……………………..2$

DOES NATIONALIT! MATTER?...................................................21

THE MOORISH HERITAGE………………………………………22

SUFISM……………………………………………………………….2%

THE ORIGIN OF THE NAME “MOROCCO”……………………24

THE ROOT OF SUFI BELIEF……………………………………...25

THAWBAN ABU AL FA!D IBN IBRAHIM……………………...2"

THE PROPHEC! OF NOBLE DREW ALI……………………….%%

THE NATION OF ISLAM…………………………………………..%

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3



WHAT IS A MOOR?

A&& '()*+,(- /0 --*,(- +) 3), /0,( *+, *,3+/- )7 *+, N,

M))(-+ N*)/ -* 0,3&(, *+,( /*)/&*. T+- -* ', 0)/, &)/

*+ *+, )*+ /0 )'&*)/ )7 *+, ,',( *+* 9M P(,(-: M

S3(73,-: M L7, /0 M D,*+ (, && 7)( A&&+: *+, S-*/,( )7 *+,

W)(&0-. N) P(*/,( +- H, /0 H, +- 3)/0,0 , *) ', *+, 7(-* )7

*+)-, +) (, M-&-9.

W+* 0) , ,/ ' N*)/&* /0 + - * ;)(*/* *) 0,3&(,

)/,<- N*)/&*. I/ *+, 7(-* ;&3,: *+, =,( )(0 N*)/&* 3),-

7() *+, /3,/* E;*/ -')& NTR. T+- -')& - (,;(,-,/*,0 /

*+, *+(,, -0,- )7 *+, ;(0 /0 (,;(,-,/*- G)0: *+, D=/*,- /0

*+, A/3,-*)(-. T+, *+(,, +,/ ;&3,0 -0, ' -0, (,;(,-,/* *+, N*(

/0 *+- *) *+, /3,/*- )7 C-+ (,;(,-,/*,0 *+, *+(,, 7)(3,- )7 3(,*)/.

F() *+- /3,/* -')&: , ,* -3+ )(0- - N*)/&*: N*(,:

N*=*: N*(& /0 *+, &>,. S) *+, =,(: )(0 N*)/&* 3, *)

,/ *+, --,'& )7 *+, G)0- - *) )( 7)(,7*+,(- )7 /3,/* C-+ /

N)(*+,-* /0 S)*+,-* A7(3 3)/-0,(,0 *+* *+- ;),( )7 *+,

N*( - (,-;)/-'&, 7)( && 3(,*)/ /0 / '-,/3, )7 >/)&,0,)7

*+- 3(,*=, ;),( *+,(, 3)&0 ', /) ;,3,7& ,@-*,/3, *+ *+, ;),(-

)7 ,@-*,/3,. S) - ) 3/ -,,: *+, ())* )7 *+, )(0 N*)/&* - 0=/,

/0 *+, ,// 7() +3+ *+, )(0 N*)/&* 3),- - 3(,*=, /0

(,;(,-,/*- *+, ())* 3-, )7 ,@-*,/3,.

4



W, (, /)* N,(),-: B&3> 7)&> )( C)&)(,0 ;,);&, /0 *+,-, /,- 0)

/)* 0,/*7 )( ,@-*,/3,. S3+ /,- 0) /)* (,7,( *) N*)/&* /0

(, '* -/- )7 )( 0,0 /0 /3)/-3)- -**, +&, , ,/0(, *+,

;/- )7 *+- 3;*=*. A&& N*)/- +=, -), &/0: -), ;&3, *+* *+,

3/ 3&& +),. A&& N*)/- +=, /3,-*)(- +)-, +-*)( - / *+, /,

/0 )(0 )7 *+)-, /3,-*)(-. W+,(, - N,()&/0 )( B&3>&/0?

W+,(, - 3)&)(,0&/0? T+,-, (, /)* N*)/&*,- '* -&=, /,-

=,/ *) ;,);&, *+* &)-* *+,( 3&*(,: *+,( G)0: *+,( A/3,-*)(- /0

*+,( (,&)/. T+,(, (, *+)-, +) - *+* *+, N, N,() 3),- 7()

*+, N,( R=,(. S) ', *. H) / ;,);&, 0) ) >/) +) (,

/,0 7*,( (=,(. R=,(- (, /,0 7*,( ;,);&, /0 /)* *+, (,=,(-,

- *(,. W+,/ , -,(3+ )* *+, *(, +-*)(: , 7/0 *+* /*& *+, &**,(

+&7 )7 *+, 15*+ 3,/*( ()/0 144$: *+, E();,/ 3&&,0 && (=,(- )7

A7(3 *+, N&,. T+, ;,);&, +) 0,&&,0 ()/0 *+, N&, N,( R=,(

,(, /)* 3&&,0 N,(),- '* ,(, 3&&,0 A( N,- /0 G(/*/-.

O/& 7*,( *+, 7)/0/ )7 *+, E();,/- 7)(*(,--,- )/ *+, ,-* 3)-* )7

A7(3 0) , 7/0 *+,-, )7 *+, /, N,() - ;;&,0 *) ;,);&,.

W+,/ *+, #/ )7 S;/ -,/* C+(-*);+,( C)&'- /0 )*+,( -+;- *)

,@;&)(, *+, ,-* 3)-* )7 A7(3: +- ;(, (,-)/ )7 -,/0/ *+, -

*) 0,*,(/, *+, ;),( )7 *+, M))(- / )*+,( ;(*- )7 *+, )(&0. T+,

E();,/ )7 P)(*& - =,( 7&( *+ *+, /*)/ )7 M))(-

',3-, *+, +0 (,3,/*& ',,/ 0,&=,(,0 7() *+, (&, )7 *+, M))(-

+3+ &-*,0 7)( 4$$ ,(- / P)(*& /0 $$ ,(- / S;/. A&*+)+

*+,-, ;,);&, ,(, *+, 0(,3* /3,-*)( )7 *+)-, +) &=, /) / A,(3/

3*,- /0 (-03*)/- /0 3&& *+,-,&=,- ' *+, /, )7 N,(),-:

'&3> /0 3)&)(,0: -3+ /,- ,(, /)* ;;&,0 *) *+, M))(- /*& 7*,(

5



*+, A7(3/ 0,-3,/* /*) -&=,(. T+,(, - /) ,=0,/3, *+* *+,(, -

,=,( N,() /*)/ ;()( *) -&=,(.

T+, )(0 B&3> 3),- 7() *+, E();,/ )(0 9'&39 /0 *+- )(0

- -,0 *) 0,-3(', -),*+/ *+* - 7&*+: /3&,/: 0,0: 7)&: -,&&:

)7 /) 33)/*. N,=,( 00 *+, E();,/ ;;& *+- )(0 *) *+, ;,);&,- )7

N)(*+,-* )( S)*+,-* A7(3 7)( * - (**,/ / *+, +-*)( *+* *+,

/3,/* E();,/ - *+, 9E*+);/9 - ',/ >/0(,0 *) *+, G)0-

*+,-,&=,- /0 *+, 9D,/” - / )7 *+, M))(- ,(, 3&&,0 ,(, -)

++& (,(0,0 *+* *) -,, )/, /<;,(-)/ - 7,&* *) ', '&,--/ 7()

*+, C(,*=, G)0 H-,&7. S) +) - * /) *+* , (,< (,7,((,0 *) -

'&3>? B,3-, , / 73* ',3, +* *+* /, -/7,- +,/ , &)-*

*+, *(, >/)&,0, )7 )(-,&=,- )( G)0: /0 )( *(, (,&)/.

THE ORIGIN OF THE NAME “MOOR”.

T+,/ 7() +* -)(3, -;(/ *+- H)& /0 D=/, /, ;;&,0 *)

)( /3,/* 7)(,7*+,(-? W+* - *+, )(/ )7 *+, /, M))(? I/ )(0,(

*) /0,(-*/0 *+, *(, )(/ )7 M))( * - /,3,--( *+* )

/0,(-*/0 *+* *+, /3,/*-: *+)-, +) ,(, 7&&,0 *+ *+, -0) /0

>/)&,0, -,0 *+(,, &,**,( -')&- *) (,;(,-,/* 0,- ,-;,3&& +,/

*+)-, 0,- ;,(*/ *) D=/, -)(3,-. I +=, ,@;&/,0 *) ) / -,=,(&

;((;+- )7 *+,-, ;,- +) *+* *+, *+(,, -0,0 7(, *+, *(/&,

(,;(,-,/*,0 *+, % *+(,, ;(, -)(3,- )7 C(,*=, P),(-. W, +=,

*+* -, 0, ,@;(,--,0 / *+, )(/ )7 *+, /, M))(. I/ /3,/*

P,(- +,(, &**0,- )7 )( 7)(,7*+,(- -,**&,0 /0,( *+, /,

E&*,- *+, -3(,0 -')& )7 && 3(,*)/ - *+(,, &,**,( -')& /0

*+)-, *+(,, &,**,(- ,(, MHR.T+, 7(-* &,**,( “M” (,;(,-,/*,0 *+,

3(,*=, *,(-. T+,-, ,(, *+, -, 3(,*=, *,(- *+* / /3,/*

E;* ,(, 3&&,0 M )( N. T+, -,3)/0 -')& H (,;(,-,/*,0 *+, -,,0

6



-*, )7 && 3(,*)/ /0 *+, (3+3 )( /3,/* H (,-,'&,0 *+, /',(

-@. T+, *+(0 -')& R (,;(,-,/*,0 3(,*)/ /7,-* *+* - / ,(,3*

- *+, =3,,(,/* )( 0,;* )7 *+, C(,*=, G)0. T+, -')& R /

(3+3 )( /3,/* (*/ (,-,'&,0 *+, /',( //,. F() *+, )(0,(

)7 *+- D=/, *(0 *+(,, -')&- , ,* *+, D=/, /0 -3(,0

/',(- )7 &)-* ,=,( (,&)/ /0 *+)-, /',(- (, %6".T+(,, *+,

',///: -@ *+, -,,0 /0 //, *+, 7/& ,@;(,--)/. T+- ,@;(,--)/ )7

*+, 3(,*=, ;),( 3, *) ', *+, /3,/* P,(-/ )(0 7)( *+, S/ /0

L)=,. T+,(, - /) ,-*)/ *+* *+, /3,/*- - *+, -/ - *+, 3,/*,(

/0 /**)( )7 && 3(,*)/ /0 / -), ;(*=, -)3,*,-: *+, -/ -

3*&& )(-+;;,0 - *+, ,(*+& ,@;(,--)/ )7 G)0 H-,&7. T+,

/3,/* G(,,>-: +) ,(, *+, -,-* )7 *+, E();,/ /*)/- /0 '

+) *+, '-3 0)3*(/,- )7 ,(& E();,/ (,&)/ )(/*,0: 0,

M *+, 12*+ &,**,( )7 *+,( &;+',* *+, /',( 12 ',/ -')& )7

*+, (,-((,3*)/ - ,&& - *+, *,&=, -/- )7 *+, )03. T+,-, (, *+,

12 0-3;&,- )7 ,--: M*+(- /0 / )7 *+, ,(& ;();+,*-.

T+-: * 3/ ', -,,/ *+* *+, /, M))( +- ,&& 0,7/,0 &/> *+ *+,

3(,*=, ;),(- /0 - D=/, -')& )7 C(,*=, E@;(,--)/. I*

(,;(,-,/*- %6$ 0,(,,- 7&& 3(3&, )7 3(,*=, ,/,( /0 *+/ *+*

/, - +00,/ *+, =,( -*,( )7 G)0. T+, /*)/& /, M))( /0

*+, +-*)( )7 *+* /, *,&& - +* , +* ,@;,3* 7() *+, /*)/ )7

;,);&, +) ',( *+* -')& - / ,@;(,--)/ )7 /*)/&*. T+,

33,;*/3, )7 -3+ ++ /0 -3(,0 , *+* *+, +)&, )7 /3,/*

3=&*)/ ;;&,0 *) )( /3,/* 7)(,7*+,(- >, * /,3,--( *+*

,3+ I: ,3+ )773,(: /0 ,3+ ,',( -*(=, *) >, +- )( +,(-,&7

*(& )(*+ )7 -) (,* 3&&/. I* 0,/0- *+* , +) ',( /0

33,;* *+* 3(,*=, /, ', ,=,( 3)/-3)- *+* /, &)/, 0),- /)*

7



>, M))( '* 3(,*=, 3*)/ +()/)- 3*)/ '()*+,(& 3*)/

))0 0,,0- (+* *+)+* ,&& *,;,(,0 /0- *(*+7&/,-- &)&*

3);--)/ >/0/,-- /0 /&/,--. T+,-, (, *+, &*,- 3&*=*,0

' + *+* 3&&- +-,&7 ' *+, N, M))(. S) (,* ;,);&, *+, )(&0

+- /,=,( >/)/ S) D=/, ;,);&, *+, G)0- +=, /,=,( '&,--,0.

T+,(,7)(,: -*(=, *)(0- ;,(7,3*)/ / *+)-, 0,,0- *+* (, ;&7*/

/0 -,,> /)* *+, 3)/7-)/ *+* - )7 *+* &),( ',/: *+* 0,)/3 -,&7.

T+,/ -+&& , +)/)( )( 7*+,(- /0 )*+,(- *+,/ -+&& , +)/)( *+)-,

+) 7)(,- *+, *(&- *+* , +=, ,/0(,0 *+,/ -+&& , +)/)( )(

G)0 /0 )-* )7 && , && +)/)( )( *(, -,&=,- *+* ++,( -,&7 +3+

- *+, 3(,*=, ,@;(,--)/ /7,-*.

THE RELIGION OF EL ISLAM

N) * - ;(;)-, *) '(,7& )*&/, *+, 73*- 3)/3,(// *+, R,&)/

)7 E& I-& /0 *+, &7, )7 *+, P();+,* M+0 I'/ A'0&&+. I/

)(0,( *) ;()(,--: , -* ')=, && >/) *+, *(*+ 7)( * - ,&& -0

*+* )/& *+, D=/, T(*+ && >, ) 7(,,.

A&& ,',(- )7 *+, M-0 -* 0,3&(, *+,( ',&,7 / *+, P();+,3 )7

M+0 /0 *+, 0)3*(/, )7 O/, G)0: A&&+. I/ *)0<- )(0,( )7

,-*'&-+,0 (,&)/: *+)-, 0,3&(*)/- (, +* >, - M-&- )(

)/, +) -'*- *) *+, D=/, W&& )7 A&&+. W+) - A&&+? A')=, &&:

A&&+ - *+, C(,*=, P),(: *+, S-*// P),(: /0 *+, P),( )7

-*,( )=,( *+, D )7 0,/*. W+* - *+* W&& )7 A&&+ *+* ,

-,,> *) 3)/0 )(-,&=,- )( *) +3+ , -'*? I* - *+, W&& *+*

*+)-, /*(& *,/0,/3,- --)3*,0 *+ 3(,*)/: *+)-, ',-*& &*,-

*+* (, /,3,--( 7)( )(&0& ,@-*,/3, ', )=,(3), ' /0 -,;(*,0

7() D=/, L7, P(/3;&,- )7 C(,*=, W-0): C(,*=,

8



C)/-3)-/,--: /0 C(,*=, E/,(. S;& -**,0: A&&+ - *+* P),(

*+* )(0,(- *+, 3+/ )7 ,=,/*- *+* )=,(/ ,3+ )7 )( &=,-.

T+, D=/, N, A&&+ - / /3,/* )/,. T+, P();+,* M+0 00

/)* /=,/* *+, N, A&&+. T+, A('- 00 /)* 7(-* ;&3, *+, N, A&&+

',7)(, *+, /*)/- - *+, S;(,, G)0. A&&+ - *+, G)0 )7 *+, S)*+

A('/ )(/& A('- *+)-/0- )7 ,(- ',7)(, *+, P();+,*

M+0 - ')(/. I/ A/3,/* C-+: *+, P),( )7 C(,*=, E/,(

- >/)/ - *+, 7,&0- )7 A&. A)/ *+, E&*,-: *+, C(,*=, ;),(

- 3&&,0 T A&&+ /0 +,/ *+, E();,/ 3)/,()(- 0,3;+,(,0 *+,

/3,/* (*/- *+()+)* S)*+,(/ A(': *+, 7)/0 *+, N,

A&&+ *+()+)* *+, &/0 )/ )/,/*- *+* ;(,0*, *+, '(*+ )7 *+,

P();+,* M+0 ' *+)-/0- )7 ,(-. T+, *+(,, &,**,(,0 -')&

HLH: ;()/)/3,0 A&&+: - -,0 )/ *+, 0(> )&=, *(',- )7 S)*+

A(' ',7)(, /0 0(/ *+, (,/ )7 A>& E& M(( A>& *+, M))(

*+, ML# M&>J#/ )7 *+, -)*+,(/ *(',- / *+, 4*+ 3,/*( A.D.

;()( *) *+, '(*+ )7 *+, P();+,* M+0. T+,-, *(*+- (, **,(

)7 (,3)(0,0 +-*)( '* * - /)* ;()7*'&, )( ,@;,0,/* 7)( *+)-, /

;),( *) ;()=0, ) *+ *+,-, *(*+- 7)( , (, (&,0 )=,( ',3-, ,

+=, /)* *+, >/)&,0, )7 *+, ;-*

B &,=, )7 A&&+: *+, D=/, N, 3/ ', *(3,0 ',)/0 *- -, )/

*+, 0(> ;,);&,- )7 S)*+ A('. A/0 +,(, 0) ) *+/> *+* , 7/0

*+, ,(&,-* -, )7 *+* N,? I* - / S)*+,-* A7(3 &)/ *+, 3)-*&

(,)/ *+* , 7(-* 3), / 3)/*3* *+ *+, N, A&&+. A)/ *+,

!)(' ;,);&, )7 S)*+,-* A7(3 *)0: *+, 3+,7 G)0 )7 C(,*)/ -

3&&,0 O&)00 /, ,// G)0: *+, H+,-* C(,*=, P),(. I*

- *+,-, -, /3,/* M))(-: *+,-, -, 0(> )&=, A7(3/- +) '&*

H)& C* ',*,,/ *+, 3*,- )7 S- /0 M)()33) / N)(*+,-* A7(3.

9



T+* H)& C* - '&* ;;()@*,& 1$:$$$ ,(- ) /0 *+, /,

)7 *+* H)& C* - M,3. T+* -, /3,/* 3* )7 M,3 - =-*,0

/0 (0,0 ' A/* G)/-&=,: P)(*,-, ,@;&)(,( ()/0 15$$

A.D. /0 * *+* *, +, *))> /*) 3;*(, -), 15 M))(- A7(3/-

+) ,(, *(;;,0 *+,(, * *+* *,. T+,(, - +-*)(3& ,=0,/3, *+*

*+, M,3 )7 N)(*+ ,-* A7(3 - *+, 7(-* 3* *) ', 3&&,0 ' *+, /,

M,3 /0 *+/ *+, &&- )7 *+* 3* - -*)/, -0 *) +=, ',,/ -,/*

7() +,=,/ /0 *+, /, )7 *+* -*)/, - #'*. T+,(, 3/ +, /)

,-*)/ )7 *+, 73* *+* *+, D=/, N, A&&+ ;(,0*,0 *+, '(*+ )7 *+,

P();+,* M+0 ' *+)-/0- )7 ,(-. F(*+,()(,: *+, ())*- )7

*+, 3)07,0 (,&)/ )7 E& I-& -;(/ 7() )/ *+, A7(3/ ;,);&,-

/0 / )7 *+, &- /0 3)0,- *+* (, 3)/*/,0 / *+, )0,(/ 0

I-&3 R,&)/ ,(, / 0, -, / *+, 3-*)- )7 A7(3/ T(',- /0

;,);&,-. F)( /-*/3,: *+, /3,/* 3+&0(,/ )7 H: *+, C-+: /0 *+,

A7(3/ ;,);&,- *+* 0,&&,0 / +* - /) 3&&,0 E*+); && +0

'/ /-* *+, -, )7 ;)(> - 7))0. P(,(- ,(, )77,(,0 *) *+, G)0 *

-;,37,0 *,- 0(/ *+, 0 /0 *+, )(0,( )7 *+, ;(,( (,-,'&,0

*+, )=,,/*- /0 ;)-*(,- *+* (, -,0 / *+, I-&3 R,&)/ )7 *+-

*,. T+, ;(3*3, )7 3(3=,/*/ *+, #' * *+, H)& C* )7

M,33 / A(' - (,&)- (*, -,0 ' A7(3/ ;,);&, /0 -

(,7,((,0*) ' )0,(/ 0 +-*)(/- - ',/ (,//* )7 )/3,

9P/9 (,&)/.

T+, D=/, N, )7 T A&&+ -,0 ' ')*+ *+, /3,/* E&*,- /0 *+,

S,(/- - ')(/ )* )7 *+, 3)'/*)/ )7 P*+: *+, -*)/,)(>,(

G)0 )7 /3,/* E;*: /0 A&&+. T+, 3)'// )7 *) -,;(*, G)0-

/*) )/, G)0 - 3))/ 3-*) )7 /3,/* ;,);&,- +) 0,&&,0

/,( ,3+ )*+,(. W+,/ )/, /*)/ - 3)/,(,0 ' /)*+,(: *+, /,

10



)7 *+, G)0 )7 *+, =3*)()- /*)/ - )7**,- ;&3,0 &)/-0, )7 *+,

G)0 )7 *+, 3)/,(,0 /*)/. T+,(, - A)/ P*+ T/H)(-R:

P*+O-(-..&& )7 *+,-, /,- ',/ 3)'/*)/ )7 *) G)0- *+*

,(, ,&*,0 /*) )/, G)0 +=/ ;(* )7 *+, +-*)(,- /0 3,(,)/,-

)7 ,3+ /0=0& G)0. T+- - *+, /, C+(-*)- W-0) )7 *+,

G(,,>- 3)'/,0 *+ ,-- *+, ;&/,* M,(3( )7 *+, /3,/*

R)/- *) 7)( )/, ,@;(,--)/ )7 G)0 / E();,/ *+,)&) ,--

C+(-*.

W, (, M-&- /)* ',3-, )7 / 0);*)/ )7 (,&)/ =,/ *) - '

/)*+,( ;,);&,: '* ',3-, *+, 3-*)- /0 ',&,7- *+* (,

/3)(;)(*,0 / *+, R,&)/ )7 E& I-& (, *+, - *+* ,(, 7)&&),0

' )( /3,/* 7)(,7*+,(-. W, (, M-&- ',3-, )( =,( /*(,

3&&- - *) ', -) 7 , (, *) ;()(,-- /0 7&7&& )( )'&*)/ *) )(

G)0: R,&)/ /0 -,&7. T) *+, ,',(- )7 *+- M-0: R,&)/ /0

T(*+ (, )/, 0, *+* 0- - / )=/ 7() /)(/3, )7 ,/*&

0,*+ *) *+, &+* )7 >/)&,0,. A&&+ /,=,( -0 *+* )( -*(&, )&0

', ,-: '* *+, )(> -* ', 0)/,: *+, -3(73, -* ', 0,: *+,

=)- -* ', >,;* *+* L)=,: T(*+ F(,,0) /0 -*3, ;(,=& ;)/

*+, ,(*+.

A&& ,',(- )7 *+, N, M))(-+ N*)/ -* 0,3&(, *+,( ',&,7 / *+,

D=/, --)/ )7 *+, P();+,* M+0. T+- 0,3&(*)/ - *) ',

(,,',(,0 ' && +) 3&& *+,-,&=,- M-&- /0 +) -'-3(', *)

*+, 7=, ;&&(- )7 *+, (,&)/ )7 E& I-&. T+, 0,3&(*)/ / A('3 -

9L &&+ &&: M+0 R-& A&&+9 T(/-&*,0 *+,

0,3&(*)/ ,/- T+,(, - /) G)0 '* A&&+ /0 M+0 - H-

M,--,/,(. T+- 7(-* ;&&( )7 I-& - *+, =,( 7)/0*)/ )7 *+,

11



(,&)/ /0 && ,',(- )7 *+- M-0 -* 0,3&(, /0 (,-;,3* *+

()( *+* -/ *+* =,- *+- (,&)/ *- ,--,/3,.

THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD

W+* 0) , >/) )7 *+, P();+,* M+0< F(-*: , (,-;,3* *+,

P();+,* ',3-, ')=, && ,&-,: +, - P();+,* )7 A&&+. S,3)/0:

(,-;,3* - =,/ *) *+, P();+,* ',3-, )7 *+, (,* )(>- *+* +,

;,(7)(,0 / 3-/ A& K<(/ *) ', ;&3,0 ',7)(, && ;,);&,-

(,(0&,-- )7 (3,: 3(,,0: )( 3)&)(. T+(0: , (,-;,3* *+, P();+,*

M+0 ',3-, +, - )7 )( N*)/&*: )( >/0(,0 /0 )(

'&))0.

N) *+, ;(,-,/* 0 ***0, - *+* *+, N*)/&* /0 >/0(,0 )7 *+,

P();+,* M+0 >,- /) 077,(,/3,. A/0 -3+ -**,,/* - *(,

7 , 7(-* +=, 3)((,3* >/)&,0, )7 *+* N*)/&*. W+,/ N*)/&*

- ,-*'&-+,0 /*)/&*: * >,- /) 077,(,/3, 7)( ')=, && +, -

P();+,*. B*: * - /,3,--( *+* , +=, *+, 73*- 3)/3,(// *+,

P();+,* M+0 - )*+,( /*)/- +=, *+)-, 73*- /0 +=, 0,/,0

*+* *(*+ *) ) *+* && >, 7)( )( 7(,,0).

T+, P();+,* M+0 - ')(/ )7 *+, 3&/ H-+(/ /0 )7 *+, *(',

M0(. T+,(, - -), ,-*)/ - *) *+, ,@3* 0*, /0 ,( )7 +- '(*+

'* )-* +-*)(/- ;&3, *+, ,( ()/0 5$A.D. * *+, H)& C* )7

M,33. T+, A(' +-*)(/ A& + -**,- *+* *+, (/07*+,( A'0&

M**&' - / A7(3/ /0 7(*+,( *+* *+, -)/- )7 A'0&M**&'

,(, &-) A7(3/. T+, +-*)(/ M>>( -- =,( -+(;& /0 *) *+,

;)/* *+* *+, S)/- )7 A'04M**&' ,(, =,( 0(> / 3);&,@)/

/0 /0)'*,0& )7 A7(3/ +,(*,. T+, P();+,*<- 7*+,(: A'0&&+

- )/, )7 *+, 1% -)/- )7 A'0&M**&' /0 - ((,0 *) A/ )7

12



*+, (+*,- +) &*,( - *) =, '(*+ *) *+, P();+,*. T+, (+*,-: )(

(*,-: ,(, (,&*=,- )7 *+, (,* *(' )7 #/0 3&&,0 H/ +)

,(, (,//*- /0 )77-;(/ )7 *+, /3,/* A7(3/ /0 /3,/*

A7(3/A(' O(/& A(' ,;(,- )7 E& /0 E*+);. T+,

(+*,- ,(, '-,0 * T7 / A(' /0 *+* -, T7: * *+, *, )7

*+, P();+,*<- '(*+: *+, T7 - 3)&)/ )7 /0 - ;);&*,0 ' *+,

0(> ->//,0 S)*+ A('/ /0 A'--// A7(3/ S+)(*& 7*,( *+,

'(*+ )7 *+, P();+,*: +- 7*+,( - -0 *) +=, )/, )/ *(0/

,@;,0*)/ *) *+, /)(*+ *)(0- S( /0 *) +=, /,=,( (,*(/,0. I* -

',&,=,0 *+* +, - >&&,0 )( 0,0 0(/ *+- *,. S+)(*& 7*,( *+,

0,*+ )7 A'0&&+: A/: *+, P();+,*- )*+,( &-) - -0 *) +=, 0,0

*+,(,' &,=/ *+, P();+,* / )(;+/.

A* *+- ;)/*: *+, +-*)( /0 &7, )7 *+, P();+,* ',3),- 3)/7-,0

H),=,(: * - 3,(*/ *+* *+, N)(*+ A(' ;),(-: '3>,0 ' *+,

C+(-*/ 7)(3,- )7 G(,,> /0 R)/ E;(,-: ,(, * ( *+ *+,

S)*+ A('/ *(',-. T+,-, ,(, /)* (- 3)/3,(// (,&)/ '* ,(,

(- 7)( *+, 3)/*()& )7 *+, R,0 S, *(0/ ()*,- &)/ *+, 3)-*- )7

N)(*+,-* /0 S)*+,-* A('. T+,-, O0 ;),(- 0, (

/-* *+, S)*+ A('/ *(',- /0 +0 ;-+,0 && *+, *) *+, H)&

C* )7 M,33 -+)(*& 7*,( *+, '(*+ )7 *+, P();+,*.

W+,/ *+, P();+,* - ')* 5 ,(- )&0: +- /3&, A' T&' -,/* +

*) &=, *+ *+, H/ T(', /0 * - (,;)(*,0 ' +-*)(/- *+* *+,

P();+,* - (,(,0 ' 9N,()9 ' *+, /, )7 H&. I* -

0(/ *+- -* *+ H& )7 *+, H/ *(', *+* M+0 7(-*

3, *) ',&,=, *+* A&&+ +0 ,/0),0 + *+ -;,3& 7*- /0 *+*

*+)-, 7*- ,(, *) ', -,0 7)( *+, /*/ )7 *+, R,&)/ )7 E& I-&.

T+,(, - 3+ 3)/7-)/ - *) +) *+, P();+,* 3, *) &=, *+ *+,

13



A7(3/ T(',- )7 #/0 7 , (,0 *+, 33)/*- )7 -), ;(,-,/* 0

*+)(-. O/, 33)/* -- *+* *+, P();+,*<- )*+,(: A/: +0 /)

&> / +,( '(,-*- 7*,( *+, '(*+ )7 *+, P();+,*. S): - *+, 9-*)(9

),-: )/, 0 *+,(, ,(, (); )7 '&3> -&=, ),/ 7() *+, *(', )7

S0 H/ )/ ')* *+, H)& C* &))>/ 7)( '',- *) /(-,.

A33)(0/ *) *+, 9-*)(9: H& - )/ *+,-, <-,(=/* ),/ /0

+,/ -+, - *+, P();+,*: +,( *,*- ',3, 7&&,0 *+ &>< /0 -) -+,

*(/,0 *+, '&,--,0 '' )=,( *) H& *) /(-,.

H) **,(& (03&)- S3+ -*)( 0,7,- /*)/ /0 *+, )/&

(,-)/ 7)( -3+ ;(/*,0 /)/-,/-, - *) 3)/3,& /0 3)=,(; *+, (,&

*(*+ (,(0/ *+, P();+,* /0 +- /3,-*(. T+, 73* - *+* A/: -

-**,0: - (,&*=, )7 *+, *(', )7 S0 H/. F(*+,(: *+, T(',

M0( - / 77&*, *(', )7 && )7 *+, *(',- )7 S)*+ A(' 3&&,0

#/0. F(*+,(: A'0&&+: *+, 7*+,( )7 *+, P();+,* - A7(3/ /0 *+,

A7(3/ *(',- ,(, &/,0 *+ *+, G(,* T(', #/0. T+, 3+,7 )7 *+,

T(',- )7 #/0 - 3&&,0 *+, M(')* +) - (,(0,0 - *+, S/*

/0 M--)/( /0 *+, &,0,( )7 +- *(',. T+, M(')*- ,(, M))(-

7() A/3,/* P,(- /0 * *+, *, )7 *+, '(*+ )7 M+0 - )/,

-3+ M(')* 3&&,0 M-& +) ;(,3+,0 )/, G)0: A&&+: 7)('0,

*+, ,*/ )7 ;)(> 0, *+, ;&(, *) M,33: /0 0,,,0 +-,&7

P();+,* )7 A&&+. L*,( / +-*)( 0(/ *+, M-&<- 3)/,-* )7

S;/ /0 M)()33): *+,-, M))(- )7 *+, *(', S0 H/ 3&&,0

*+,-,&=,- S+(7 0,-3,/0/*- )7 *+, P();+,* M+0 /0 /) )/,

* *+* *, /0 0(/ *+* ;,()0 ,-*)/,0 +,*+,( )( /)* -3+

3& S *(,. I* - )/& / (,3,/* +-*)( *+* , 7/0 +-*)(/-

**,;*/ *) 0-3)//,3* M+0 7() *+, 0(> )&=, 3);&,@)/ )7

/*)/- /0 3)/3,& *+, *(*+ (,(0/ *+, &7, /0 --)/ )7

14



M+0. A&-): * *+, *, )7 *+, '(*+ )7 *+, P();+,*: *+,(, - /

!,,/ / S)*+,-* A(' /)*+,( )(-+;;,( )7 *+, )/, G)0 A&&+.

H, - 3&&,0 D+& H( )( *+, D)/>, R0,(. H( *)(,0 *+,

(,*,( ;(* )7 S)*+,-* A(' 7() *+, )*+ )7 *+, R,0 S, *)

O/ /,( *+, T(- R=,(. H, ;(,3+,0 *+* *+,(, - /) G)0 '*

A&&+ /0 *+* A&&+ +0 '(,*+, /*) + *+, '(,*+ )7 W-0) /0

*+* *+* W-0) 7() A&&+ - *) ', *>,/ *+()+)* A(' '

/)*+,( +) - *) 3),.

ISLAM PRIOR TO THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD

O*+,( M-&- &-) ,(, / &)/ ,@-*,/3, * *+, *, )7 M+0-

'(*+. F() ')* 18$$ B.C. *+, H/7- O(*+)0)@: O(/& +0

0,&&,0 / *+, 0,-,(*- /0 )/*/- )7 A('. T+,-, 0(> )&=, H/7-

',&,7 - *+* *+, ,(, *+, -)/- )7 A'(+ I'(+ /0 *+*

I'(+ +0 (,-((,3*,0 *+, (,&)/ )7 *+, O/, G)0 A&&+. T+, H/7-

7)('0, *+, ,*/ )7 ;)(>: -*(,--,0 3&,/&/,-- / && (,&)- 3*=*,-:

/0 +0 / ,&')(*, -,* )7 (&,- )7 3)/03* ' +3+ *+, ,(, 0,0.

T+)-/0- )7 *+,-, M-&- ,@-* *)0 /0,( *+, /, H/7

M-&- / S)*+ /0 C,/*(& A(' /0 *+, (, / ;)--,--)/ )7

-), )7 *+, *,@*- /0 /-*(3*)/- *+* ;(,0*, *+, '(*+ )7 *+, P();+,*

M+0.

T+, ;)/* +,(, - *+* * *+, *, )7 *+, '(*+ )7 *+, P();+,*: M,33 -

-(()/0,0 ' *+)-, +) ,(, )(-+;;,(- )7 *+, O/, G)0 A&&+ /0

*+* *+- N, )7 *+, D =/, G)0 - ,&& >/)/ )/ *+, 0(>

/*)/- )7 ;,);&,. S) *+)-, +) )&0 - *+* *+, R,&)/ )7 E& I-&

- *+, M)+0/ (,&)/ )( *+* *+, P();+,* M+0 '()+*

*+, R,&)/ ',7)(, *+, /*)/- (, ,*+,( &3>/ / >/)&,0, )( *(/

*) 3)/3,& +* *+, *(*+ (,&& -.

15



THE COMING OF THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD

A33)(0/ *) +-*)(: M+0 - )/ ') - 7&&,0 *+ *+,

*+)+* /0 0, *+* *+, O/, G)0 A&&+ +0 3&&,0 + *) ;(,3+ *+,

)-;,& )7 P,3, *) && /*)/- A* *+, *, )7 +- )*+: 3+ )7 A('

+0 7&&,/ /0,( *+, - )7 G(,,> /0 R)/ 0,-. T+,-, 0,- +0

,/*,(,0 /*) A(' *+()+ A- M/)( /0 +0 0, *+,( 0)/

*+, 3)-* )7 *+, R,0 S, /0 /7,3*,0 *+, *+/>/ )7 &(, ;)(*)/ )7

*+, A('/ ;,);&,. D(/>,//,-- - 3))/. P()-***)/ - 7-*

',3)/ )7 &=,&+))0 7)( ),/. L')( -77,(,0 ',3-, ,/:

/-*,0 )7 73/ *+, ;()'&,- )7 *+, *,-: *(/,0 *) H-+-+ /0 )*+,(

0(-. T+, >&&/ )7 /7/*- - 3))/ )33(/3, /) ,(3+/* -

-7, 7() *+, *+,7 /0 ()'',(. T+,-, (, *+, 3)/0*)/- *+* 73,0

M+0 /0 *+,-, (, *+, ;()'&,- )7 +- 0. A* M,33: *+,(, -

H'&: *+, '&3> ,')/ G)0 /0 +- %6$ 3)/-)(*-: H'& : ')(/ )7

=(/ H'& /0 +- 12 0-3;&,- H'& +) - 3(37,0 *) -=,

/>/0 H'&: *+, &' )7 G)0 +) *>,*+ *+, -/- )7 *+,

)(&0 H'&: +) *(/,0 *+, *,( /*) /, /0 +) 0,0 /0 -

(-,0 )/ *+, *+(0 0 H'& : ')(/ )/ D,3,',( 25 * *+, /*,(

-)&-*3,. !,-: H'& - *+,(, / && )7 +- &)(

T+, P();+,* M+0 ',/ +- 7,( *,3+/ +,/ +, - ')*

%% ,(- )7 ,. T+, (-*)3(3 ++ 3&-- ;,);&, * M,33 (,,3*,0

+- *,3+/ /0 (/,0 +- /3&, A' T&' *+* +, +0 ',**,( ,*

M+0 )( M+0 )&0 ', >&&,0. B* M+0 3)/*/,0

*) ;(,3+ /0 7/&& *+, &)/ *,0 3)/=,(-)/- ',/ *) )33(. I/

)(0,( *) 7&& /0,(-*/0 *+, ;()'&,- 73/ *+, P();+,* M+0:

* - +,&;7& *) >/) -),*+/ 3)/3,(// *+, '3>()/0 )7 *+,

;,);&,- *+* /+'*,0 A(' 0(/ +- *,. T+, S)*+ A(':

16



A'--// /0 E*+);/ 3&,0 *+* *+, ,(, *+, )(/&

/+'*/*- )7 A(' *(3/ *+,( /+,(*/3, 7() )>*/: /3,-*)( )7

E',( +) - *+, /3,-*)( )7 *+, P();+,* I'(+ A'(+. T+,

7( 3&,0 *+* A& G)0 +0 =,/ *+, *+, &/0 )7 A(' /0 *+*

*+, ,(, *+, S)/- /0 0+*,(- )7 *+, )/, G(,* G)0 T(', )7 ',

S+'. T+, &))>,0 ;)/ *+, N)(*+ A('/ - ',/ /*(0,(- )/

*+,( &/0 /0 3&&,0 *+, *+, M-*A(' )( *+, 7&-, A(' 0, *) *+,

73* *+* *+, ,(, +,=& @,0 *+ G(,,>: R)/: /0 A(,//

-*)3>-. I/ +-*)(: *+, N)(*+ A('/ ',3, *) ', >/)/ - *+, K-

#- +&, *+, S)*+ A(' - 3&&,0 #&'- )( #&'*,-. M)(,)=,(: *+,

S)*+ A(' ;);&*)/ 3)/--*,0 )7 ;((& (3&*(& &')( +&,

*+, N)(*+ A(' - /)*,0 7)( 3),(3, /0 *(0,. T) ', / )7 *+,

-)& - -+, *) *+, N)(*+ A('/ +) &)=,0 *+, 7(,,0) *+*

3),(3,: *(0,: /0 /)03 &')(- =,. T+,-, 077,(,/* ***0,-

/0 )0,- )7 &=,&+))0 -) 0,,;& 7@,0 / *+, /0- /0 +'*- )7 ')*+

*+, N)(*+ /0 S)*+ A(' *+* * - 0773&* 7)( *+, *) &=, * ;,3,

*+ )/, /)*+,( /0 *+* /)-* ',*,,/ *+, *) (,/- ,=,/ /

*+- 0 /0 *,.

THE NORTH AND SOUTH ARABS

T+, N)(*+ /0 S)*+ A(' &-) 077,(,0 - *) 3&*(, ;**,(/-. T+,

S)*+A(' /*/,0 -*()/ (,&)- /-***)/ * *+, +,0 )7

+3+ - *+, ML# M&> )( #/. T+,(, - /) -3+ #/ *+*

)=,(/,0 *+, N)(*+ A(' /0 /*& (,3,/*& / (,3)(0,0 +-*)( *+,

)(0 #/ - -,0 / A(' ' *+, T(',- )7 #/0 &)/,. T+,

'-3&& /)03 &7, -*&, )7 *+, .N)(*+ A('/ - /)* 3)/03=, *)

-'--)/ *) 3,/*(& )=,(// *+)(*. T+, S)*+ A(' +0

,@*(,,& ++ (,-;,3* 7)( ),/ /0 *(,*,0 *+, - ,&-. H-*)(

17



(,3)(0- *+* )/ *+, S)*+ A(' *+,(, ,(, K,,/- /0 +,0- )7

)=,(/,/*- /0 /*)/-. T+, N)(*+ A(': /0,( *+, /7&,/3, )7 *+,

B'&)// (&, /0 +'*-: -,3&0,0 *+,( ),/: =,&,0 *+, /0

*(,*,0 *+, - -,3)/0 3&-- ;,(-)/-. M)(,)=,(: *+, /+,(*/3, (+*-

)7 *+, )77-;(/ ,(, )=,(/,0 ' *+, *((3+& )*+,( &/, /

S)*+ A(' /0 A7(3 +&, / N)(*+ A(' *+, 7*+,(- &/, )7

/3,-*( - -,0.

F(*+,()(,: *+, S)*+ A(' /*)/- 3)/--*,0 )7 *+, (,//* )7

/3,/* N,)&*+3 S)*+,-* /0 N)(*+,-* A7(3/ N*)/- +) ,(,

'&0,(- /0 )(>,(- / ')*+ ,*& /0 -*)/,. T+, O(/& S)*+

A('/: +) (*,0 7() *+, &/0 )7 C-+ *) *+, )*+ )7 *+, R,0

S, 7() +3+ +, -;(,0 *+()+)* A- /0,( *+, /, E&*,-

/0 A A)(*,-: ,(, '&0,(- )7 (,* -*)/, )(>- -3+ - *+,

0 * M(' / S)*+,-* A('. T+,-, -, ,-* A7(3/- (,,/*,(,0

A7(3 /0,( -,, 7() *+, A--(/ /0 B'&)// 7)(3,- 3()--/

'3> )=,( /*) A7(3 * *+, *, )7 #/ M,/,- +) /*,0 E;*.

T+,(, - /) ,=0,/3, *+* *+, N)(*+ A('/ ,=,( 0,=,&);,0 -*)/,

)(>/ 3&*(, 3);('&, *) *+* )7 *+, S)*+ A('/.

THE PROPHEC! OF MUHAMMAD P,3, /0 B&,--/-

S(()/0,0 ' -3+ 077,(,/* ;,);&,- +)-, 3&*(,- =(,0 (,*&:

M+0 3)/*/,0 *,3+ +- 0)3*(/,. T+, 7(-* &(, ')0 )7 ;,);&,

*+* 3)/=,(*,0 *) +- 3-, /0 *) *+, 3-, )7 A&&+ - ,',(- )7 +-

)/ 3&/: *+, H-+. A33)(0/ *) +-*)(: *+,-, ,(, 84 -)&- +)

',&,=,0 / *+, ,--, ',/ 0,&=,(,0 ' *+, P();+,*. A)/ *+, ,(&

3)/=,(*- - )/, 7( '/ A' T&' (,&*=, )7 *+, P();+,* +) *+,

&,0,( )7 *+)-, 84 3)/=,(*- +,/ *+, P();+,* 7&,0 *) A'--/ 7() *+,

73, /0 **3> )7 *+, K(-+ T(', 7() N)(*+ A('. U;)/ (,3+/

18



A'--/: * - (,3)(0,0 *+* 7( - -;)>,-/ 7)( *+)-, +) 7&,0

/0 -,* ; ,,*/ *+ *+, T'' #/ *+,(, / +);,- )7 7/0/

;,(/,/* (,7, 7)( *+, P();+,* /0 *+, 3)/=,(*-.

7( '/ A' T&': +) - /0)'*,0& A7(3/: -**,0 *) *+, T''

*+* +- ;,);&, +0 7&&,/ *) 0)& )(-+; /0 ,=,( ,=& 0,,0. 7(

7(*+,( -**,0 *+* A&&+ +0 (-,/ ; 7() )/ *+,:9 from among

us, whose ancestry we know": P();+,* *) 0, *+, *) *+, -*(+*

. T+, T'': ',/ /0,( *+, /7&,/3, )7 *+, C+(-*/ 7)(3,- /0

&)& *) *+, 3-, )7 *+, R)/ &,)/: - /)* 3)/=,(*,0 /0 *+,

P();+,* /0 +- 3)/=,(*- ,(, 7)(3,0 *) &,=, /0 (,*(/ *) M,33.

T+,(, M+0 0, *,;)(( ;,3, *+ *+, K(-+ '*

*+* ;,3, - *) ', -+)(* &=,0 7)( *+, K(-+ ,(, 0,*,(/,0 *)

----/*, M+0 +,/,=,( *+, 3)/0*)/- ;,(**,0 -3+ 0,,0.

M+0 7/&& - 7)(3,0 *) 7&,, M,33 / 622 A. D. /0 *+- -

>/)/ )/ M-&- - *+, 7&+* )( H(+. M+0 7&,0 *)

!*+(' M,0/+ +3+ * *+* *, - /+'*,0 ' *+, A- /0

#+( T(',-: +) ,(, S)*+ A('/- /0 A7(3/- +) ;()7,--,0

*+, ,-+ (,&)/. T+,-, T(',- 33,;*,0 *+, 0)3*(/, )7 I-& -

;(,3+,0 ' M+0 /0 ;&,0 (,* ()&, / *+, -;(,0/ )7 *+,

R,&)/ )7 E& I-& *+()+)* A('.

THE SPREAD OF ISLAM B! AFRICAN MUSLIMS

U;)/ *+, 0,*+ )7 M+0: *+, & +*, *+* ,@-*,0 ',*,,/ *+,

N)(*+ /0 S)*+ A(' / -(73,0. T+, S)*+ A('/ /*,0 A& *)

',3), *+, C&;+ - A& - 3)-/ *) *+, P();+,* /0 *+, '&))0&/, )7

&,0,(-+; )&0 ', >,;*. H),=,(: *+, K(-+ )( N)(*+ A(' 3&,0

*+* M+0 +0 -0 *+* )/& ,',(- )7 *+, K(-+ ,(,

)(*+ )7 *+, C&;+*,. T+, *) 3)/*,/0,(- ,* * S77/ /,( B00

19



'* /) (,,,/* - 0,. A &(, ;(* )7 A&<- 7)(3,- ,(, 0--*,0

*+ A& ',3-, *+, - /) (,-)/ 7)( A& *) -'* +- (+* *) *+,

C&;+*, *) 3+&&,/, ' *+, K(-+. T+- ;(,0)/*,& A7(3/

7)(3, 7,&* *+* / &7,0 ;,(-)/ +0 (+* *) *+, C&;+*, +,*+,(

+, ', N)(*+ )( S)*+ A('. W+,/ A& ;,(--*,0 / ;&3/ +- (+* *) ',

C&;+ ',7)(, 3)**,,: *+- A7(3/ 7)(3,: / ;()*,-*: *+0(, 7()

*+, -;;)(* )7 A& /0 ;;)/*,0 C&;+ )7 *+,(, )/ +)-, /, -

A( R-'. F() *+* *, 7)(*+: *+, ',3, >/)/ - *+, #+(*,-

T(>-+ M))(- /0 &*,( ',3, /-*(,/*& / 7+*/ /-* *+,

O0 K(-+ ;),(- / N)(*+ A7(3 . T+,-, -, 7)(3,- =,

'(*+ *) )77-;(/ +) 7)+* *+ T(> I'/ 0 +) 3)/,(,0 S;/

/ 11 A. D. T+,-, ,(, *+, 12:$$$ (()(- >/)/ - M))(- +)

3)/,(,0 S;/ *+ T(> /0 ,-*'1-+,0 (&, *+* &-*,0 )=,( $$

,(-.

THE FALL OF THE MOORISH #INGDOM

T+, (&, )7 S;/ ' *+, M))(- +3+ ',/ / 11 A.D. ,/0,0 /

N)=,',(: 14"2 +,/ A' A'0&&+ B)'0& )7 E();,/ +-*)(

-((,/0,(,0 G(/0 *) *+, C+(-*/ 7)(3,-. T+)-, +) ,-3;,0

-(,0 /*) A7(3 +,(, *+, ,-*'&-+,0 >/0)- * M)()33) /0

M(,*/. T+)-, +) 00 /)* ,-3;, ,(, ;,(-,3*,0 ' *+, C+(-*/

7)(3,- /0 0, *) 0);* E();,/ /,-: 3-*)- /0 (,&)/-.

T+)-/0- )7 *+,-, M))(- ,(, ,=,/*&& *(/-;)(*,0 *) A,(3

+,(, *+, , ,(, (,03,0 *) -&=,( /0 =,/ /, /,- N,():

'&3>: 3)&)(,0 ,*3. . I/ 14: *+, C)/*/,/*& C)/(,-- ,/0,0 &&

(,7,(,/3, *) *+, M))(- - /*)/ )7 ;,);&, /0 * *+* *, *+, )(0

N,() ',3, *+, )773& /, )7 *+, )/3, M))(-+ ;,);&,.

20



T+- , +=, (,=,,0 *+, ,(& +-*)( )7 *+, P();+,* M+0

/0 -), )7 *+, +-*)(: +),=,( '(,7 * -* ',: )7 *+, -;(,0 )7 *+,

R,&)/ )7 E& I-&. I/ 33,;*/ / (,&)/: * - /,3,--( *) >/)

-),*+/ ')* *+, '3>()/0 )7 *+* (,&)/ 7 , (, *) -;,>

/*,&&,/*& 3)/3,(// *.

!) +=, /) ',,/ =,/ *+, *(*+ 3)/3,(// *+, '(*+ /0 ,(&

+-*)( )7 *+, P();+,*. T+,(, - /) /,,0 *) 3)=,( *+, &7, )7 *+, P();+,*

7(*+,( - *+, H)& K<(/ /0 *+, =()- H0*+- (, *+, (,*

-)(3,- )7 /7)(*)/ 3)/3,(// 73*- (,&*,0 *) ,=,( -*, )7 +-

0,=,&);,/*. B* *+,(, (, 3,(*/ 73*- ')* *+, P();+,* *+* (, /)*

',/ -**,0 / )-* )7 *+, *,(&- *+* (, ;,(**,0 *) ,/*,( /*)

N)(*+ A,(3 /0 *+,(,7)(, / M-&- (, ,**/ =,( -&/*,0

);/)/ )7 +* *+, (,&)/ - && ')*. A- M))(- /0 >,,;,(- )7 *+,

*(, /0 ;();,( >/)&,0,: * - /,3,--( *+* ) ', ;(,;(,0 *)

>/) +* *+, *(*+ - *+* ) /0,(-*/0 + , (, / *+,

0,(0,0 ;)-*)/ / +3+ , 7/0 )(-,&=,-.

DOES NATIONALIT! MATTER?

A/: &,* , 3*)/ ) *+* *+,(, (, =()- -,3*- )7 M-&- *+*

0) /)* +=, *+- /7)(*)/ 3)/3,(// *+, P();+,*. A/0 ) && 3),

/ 3)/*3* *+ *+)-, +) && - *+* +) /0 +* *+, P();+,* -

>,- /) 077,(,/3,. !) (, )/ *) ,,* *+)-, )/ *+, 7)(,/

,&,,/* *+* && ',3), /( * *+, 73* *+* , +=, *+, *(*+ /0

(, U/7(0 *) *,3+ *.B* *+,-, -, 73*)/- && ;* 7)(*+ (,*

(,/* /-* ) 7 ) )&0 0,/ *+* ,-- - , )( *+*

M)-,- M)/0,- - ,. T+, && -;,/0 &&)/- )7 0)&&(-

3)/ *) A,(3 /0 &,(// *+* C+(-*);+,( C)&'- - /

I*&/. I7 * - ;)(*/* *) *+, E();,/ *+* C)&'- - / I*&/:

21



*+* S*. P*(3> - I(-+: *+* P);, )+/ P& - P)&-+: *+* S)3(*,-

- G(,,>: *+* C,-( - R)/: *+* H*&,( - G,(/: *+*

G/0+ - I/0/: *+* S0* - E;*/: *+* A'(+ L/3)&/

- A,(3/ *+,/ + -+)&0 * / *(/ ', /;)(*/* *+*

M+0 '/ A'0&&+ - )7 A7(3/ 0,-3,/*: *+* S)// A& *+,

(,* +,() )7 *+, 15*+ 3,/*( / W,-* A7(3 - M))( *+* A+0

B' +) *+)(,0 )=,( 1$$$ '))>- )/ *+, -',3*- -3+ - S+(+

L: M*+,*3-: C+,-*(: S3,/3,: A-*()&) /0 A-*()/) *+,

(,/)/ -3+)&( /0 +-*)(/ 7() G/, / W,-* A7(3 - M))(

*+* I'/ S/ A=3,// )/, )7 *+, )(&0<- (,*,-* -3,/*-* -

M))( *+* H(/ A& R-+0: "*+ 3,/*( C&;+ * B00 -

M))( *+* #(' E& +) -=,0 && )7 A(' 7() G(,,> (3+

*+()+ A(' / *+, *+ 3,/*( B.C. - M))( *+* !0 E& +)

-=,0 A(' 7() *+, ;&/0,( /0 -=,( )7 *+, G(,,> 7)(3,- /0

-*);;,0 *+, * N,(/ / S)*+,-* A(' - M))( *+*

A'

S&/ #+&0 '/ &W&0 '/ &M+(+ &M>+ +)

-=,0 A(' 7() *+, 0=/3, )7 *+, R)/ &,)/- / *+, -,=,/*+

3,/*( /0 -*);;,0 *+, * !+ / S)*+,-* A(' /,( *+,

H)& C* )7 M,33 - M))( *+* T(> '/ 0 +) -=,0 *+,

,- 7() ;,(-,3*)/ ' *+, C+(-*/ 7)(3,- / S;/ / 11 A.D. -

M))(: /0 *+* A'0& M/ *+, 7(-* ;(,& A7(3/ *) ', (,3)/,0

- *+, C&;+ )7 I-& ' && M-&- *+()+)* *+, ,(*+ /0 &,0,(

)7 *+, A&)+0- / *+, 12*+ 3,/*( A.D. - M))(.

THE MOORISH HERITAGE

9W, (, +* )( 7)(,7*+,(- ,(, *+)* 0)'* )( 3)/*(03*)/< S)

-;)>, *+, H)/)('&, N)', D(, A& 7)/0,( )7 *+, M))(-+ S3,/3,

T,;&, )7 A,(3. S) - && )*+,( /*)/- )7 ;,);&,- (, ;()0 )7 *+,(

22



+,(*, /0 >, *+* +,(*, ;(* )7 *+, >/)&,0, )7 ,=,(

7)&&)/ ,/,(*)/: , -* ', /) &,-- /--*,/* *+* )( *(, /0

D=/, +,(*, ', >/)/. A/0 7 / )&0 3& *+* *+, M))(-+

;(* )7 - +- ',,/ -) 0&*,0 *+* /) *(, M))( / &)/,( ,@-*-: &,*

*+, ,@;&/ *) ) +) * - *+* *+, E();,/- )7 S;/ ,(, /0,(

A7(3/ /0 A(' 0)/*)/ 7)( )=,( $$ ,(- /0 ,* *+,(, - /)

0,/& *+* *+,(, (, E();,/- *+* (, 7() S;/ +) (, ;(,. L,*

*+, &-) ,@;&/ +) * - *+* C+/ - /0,( *+, ;),( )7 *+,

E();,/ 7)(3,- 7)( )=,( 1$$ ,(-: '* /) )/, 0,/,- *+* *+* (, ;(,

C+/,-,. L,* *+, ,@;&/ +) - *+* *+, I/0/- ,(, /0,( E();,/

B(*-+ 0)/*)/ 7)( )=,( 2$$ ,(-: '* /) )/, 0,/,- *+* *+,(, (,

;(, I/0/-. C+&&,/, /)(/3, *+ *(*+ /0 *(*+ && /)* 7&.

SUFISM

T+, ,',(- )7 *+- N, M))(-+ N*)/ (, S7 M-&-. F(-* )7 &&:

S7 - M-& /0: - -**,0 ',7)(,: -* 0,3&(, ',&,7 /0 3((

)* *+, (,(,,/*- )7 && )*+,( M-&-. S7- - /)* 077,(,/*

(,&)/ '* 077,(,/* )7 &))>/ * (,&)/ / ,/,(&. I/ )(0,( *)

7&& /0,(-*/0 S7- /0 *- (,&*)/ *) )( /*)/: , && /) &))>

/*) *+, '3>()/0 /0 +-*)( )7 S7- /0 *- 3)//,3*)/ *+

A7(3/ ;,);&,-.

F(-* )7 &&: ) && ;()''& +,( * -**,0 *+* S7- - / )77-+))*

7() *+, C+(-*/ (,&)/ /0 *+* +,/ *+, C+(-*/ M)/>- 3,

/*) 3)/*3* *+ *+, ;,);&,- )7 A(': S7- - ')(/. N)*+/ 3)&0

', 7(*+,( 7() *+, *(*+. !) && +,( * -**,0 *+* S7 M-&-

;(3*3, *+, *3+3(7*-: =))0)): /0 I* - *(, *+* S7- -,,>- *)

/0,(-*/0 *+, 3-,- /0 ,77,3*- /0,(&/ ,@-*,/3,-: '* * - /)*

*(, *+* S7,- (, ,*+,( *3+0)3*)(- )( ,03/, ,/. S7- (, *+,

23



)(/& S+/- /0 M(')*- )7 ')*+ A7(3 /0 A-. /0 (, *+,

3(,*)(- )7 *+, 7)/0*)/- )7 ALL ;(,-,/* 0 (,&)/-. B,/ S7

M-&-: *+,(, && ', *+)-, )/ *+, -) 3&&,0 )(*+)0)@ -,3*- *+*

**,;* *) 0-3(,0* *+, /0,(-*/0/ *+* - 3)/*/,0 / S7-

,-;,3&& *+, N)(*+ A('/ /0 *+)-, )7 N)(*+ A,(3 +) (, /0,(

*+,( *,3+/-. S), M-&- 0) /)* &>, S7 M-&- /0 3& *+*

*+, (, -,3(,* )(0,( )*-0, *,3+/- )7 *+, (,&)/ )7 E& I-&. T+,

73* )7 *+, **,( - *+* *+, S7 =()- *,- *+()+)* +-*)(

+=, 3+(,0 *+* *+, I-&3 R,&)/ - '-,0 ;)/ S7- /0 *+*

7(*+,( *+, P();+,* M+0 - +-,&7 S7.

T+,(, - /) ',/// )( ,/0 *) *+, 0)3*(/, )7 S7-. T+, G)0 )7

,=,( S7 - 3&&,0 A& H /0 *) *+, S7 A& H - A&&+ S;(,,:

*+, A'-)&*,: *+, R,&* T+, )(0 S7 3/ ', *(3,0 *) N)(*+,-*

A7(3 /0 *- ())* S7 - W,-* A7(3/ )(0 ,// ))&. T+, ())*

)7 S7 - -*&& /)*+,( N)(*+,-* /0 S)*+,-* A7(3/ )(0 S

,// '&3> )( =,( 0(>. A/ ,@;&, )7 *+- ;(,7@ - 3&,(&

)'-,(=,0 / *+, )(0 “SUDAN” +3+ ,/- *+, &/0 )7 *+, B&3>-.

D(/ *+, N,)&*+3 ;,()0 ')* 12:$$$ ,(- ): *+, /3,/* *(',- )7

A7(3 3, /*) 3)/*3* *+ *+, E();,/ /*)/- +) +0 -,**&,0

&)/ *+, -+)(,- )7 *+, W,-* A7(3/ C)-* /,( +* - /) M)()33)

T+,-, /3,/* A7(3/- 0()=, *+, E();,/ '3> 3()-- *+, S, /*) *+,

&/0 +3+ /) 3&&,0 S;/.

THE ORIGIN OF THE NAME “MOROCCO”

A)/ *+, A7(3/- +) 0()=, *+, E();,/ /*)/- )* )7 N)(*+

A7(3 /0 (,;&3, *+, E();,/ 3=&*)/ *+ )(, 0=/3,

3=&*)/ )7 *+,( )/ ,(, / A7(3/ ;,);&, )/ +) ,(, ,/

)7 (,* >/)&,0, /0 -0) 3)/3,(// *+, )=,,/*- )7 *+,

24



+,=,/-: *+, /*(, )7 ,(*+& *+/-: /0 +) 3-,- (, (,&*, *) *+,

,77,3*- ;()03,0. T+,-, ;,);&, ,(, 3&&,0 M'(3. T+- )(0:

M'(3 3, *) ,/ *+, =)3, )7 *+, -;,>/ G)0. T+, &(,-*

;)(*)/ )7 *+,-, A7(3( +) -,**&,0 / *+* N)(*+ A7(3/ *,((*)(:

',3-, )7 *+, (,* >/)&,0, *+* *+, ;)--,--,0 3)/3,(// *+,

/*(, )7 ,@-*,/3,- /0 *+, ;),(- *+* 3, 7)(* 7() *+* >/)&,0,:

3, *) ', (,7,((,0: *) - *+, M'(3 /0 *+* )(0 - *+, ( /0

',/// )7 *+, ;(,-,/* /, )7 *+* &/0 &)3*,0 / N)(*+,-* A7(3

3&&,0 *)0 M)()33). T+, M'(3 ,(, *+, 7(-* /+'*/*- )7

M)()33) /0 *+* /,: M)()33). +0 *- 7(-* -, - (,7,((/ *) *+*

;,);&,: *+, M'(3.

G)/ '3> 7(*+,( /*) *+, )(0 M'(3 /0 *- --)3*)/ *+

A7(3/ ;,);&,- , 7/0 *+* *+, )(/ )7 *+, )(0 - 7(-* -,0 7)( *+,

/, )7 (**&,. T+- (**&, -,0 ' *+, N)(*+,-* /0 S)*+,-*

A7(3/ 3)/*/,0 /',( )7 ',0- )( -*)/,- /0 - 0, )7 ;&/*

3&&,0 *+, )(0. T+, ;();,( /, )7 *+- (**&, - *+, )(0 (**&,

/0 * - -,0 /0 -*&& - -,0 ' W,-* A7(3/ 0=/,(- /0,( *+,

;(,-,/* /, O;,&,. T+- (**&, - *+, 7(-* M'(3 /0 )=,( *+,

-;(,0 )7 /',( )7 ,(- *+, -,( )7 *+- (**&, &-) 3, *) ', 3&&,0

7*,( *+, /, )7 *+, (**&,. T+, )(0 (**&, )( O;,&,: - * - /)

3&&,0 / *+, I& I7, D=/*)/ S-*, / -, ' *+, !)(' P,);&, )7

W,-* A7(3: - -+)/ *) +=, *+, ;),( *) 7)(,*,&& *+, 7*(, /0 *)

+=, ))0 )( ,=& /7&,/3, ;)/ /*)/- /0 ;,);&,- * *+, && )7 *+,

-,(.

M,',(- )7 *+, M-0 -* /0,(-*/0 *+* / *+, =,( ,(& -*,- )7

+-*)(: *+, )=,,/* )7 ;,);&,- - 7&,/*. D, *) *+, 3+//

3&*3 3)/0*)/-: /0 0, *) *+, 3)/-*/* 3)/7&3* )7 *+, ,(& W,-*

25



A7(3/ *+ *+, E();,/ /*)/- /0 *(',- 7() *+, /)(*+: A7(3/

;,);&,- -;(,0 7( *) *+, ,-* /0 7)/0,0 / 3=&*)/- -3+ -

*+, E&*, /0 S,(/ ,;(,-. T(0, /0 3),(3, ',*,,/ W,-*

A7(3/ /0 S)*+,-* /0 S)*+,-* A('/ /0 A'--// ;,);&,-

- +-*)(3& 73* /0 / W,-* A7(3/ )(0- 7)/0 *+,( /*)

*+, &/,- )7 *+, S)*+,-* 0(> /0 &+* )&=, ;);&*)/. S3+

- *+, 3-, *+ )(0- -3+ - S7: E&*,: /0 I +3+ (, '*

=(*)/- )7 *+(,, W,-* A7(3/ (,&)- 0=/*)/ --*, )(0- S7

W))& +(: E& T+, ++ )( (,* S;(* /0 E T+, O/,( )7

S;(*-. S) *+* * 3/ ', -,,/ *+* *+, )(0 -,0 / *+, R,&)/ )7 E&

I-& / *)0- *, 7)( *+, ;(,( &,0,( I 3*&& +0 *-

7)/0*)/ /0 7)(*)/ )/ *+, S7 )7 W,-* A7(3 +) ,(, *+,

E )( )/,( )7 *+, S;(*.

THE ROOT OF SUFI BELIEF

A* *+, ())* )7 *+, S7 ',&,7 - *+, 0)3*(/, *+* ,=,(*+/ ,@-*/ +-

*+/ * S;(* /0 *+* S;(* - )/, *+ *+, A'-)&*, S;(* )7 G)0.

I/ *+, W,-* A7(3/ (,&)/-: *+,(, - /) 0)'* *+* *+- ',&,7 - * *+,

7)/0*)/ /0 - * *+, 7)/0*)/ &)/ ',7)(, * - -0 *+* S7-

',3, / ,-*'&-+,0 7)( )7 (,&)- 0)3*(/,. S7- -

/,-*)/'& / *+, , /0 &>,/,-- )7 *+, /3,/* A7(3/

(,&)/-. T) *+, A/-*: 3(,*,0 ',/- (, '* ,@*,/-)/- )7 *+, &&

;),(7& 3(,*=, 7)(3, /0 *+* -, ***0, *)(0- *+, 3)/-*(3*)/

)7 *+, )(&0 /0 *+, ,@-*,/3,- *+,(,)7 - )/, )7 *+, / *,//*- )7 *+,

S7 ',&,7.

T+, S7 ',&,=,- *+* / 3//)* 3), /*) D=/, U/* *+ *+,

S;(,, B,/ ' /*,&&,3*& 3*=*,- E@)*,(3 '* -* ,@;,(,/3,

*+* -;(*&* *+* 3),- )/& 7() *+/ E-)*,(3. G)0: *) *+,

26



S7: 3/ ', (,3+,0 )/& *+()+ -;(*& 0-3;&/,- /0 -* ', &,0

/*) *+, ;();,( ,*+)0 )7 ;,(7)(/ *+,-, 0-3;&/,- ' &,0,(

-&& 3&&,0 S+,>. T+, -*0,/* MURID -* 7)&&) *+, *,3+/-

)7 *+, S+,> 7 +, - *) ', -33,--7& /0 (,3+ *+* /* *+ *+,

C(,*)( /0 ,@;,(,/3, *+, -0) /0 '&-- *+* 3/ )/& ',

,@;,(,/3,0 +,/ )/, - )/, *+ *+* A'-)&*, C(,*=, 7)(3,.

A&*+)+ *+, E();,/ +-*)(/- )&0 +=, *+, 0(> )&=, /*)/- )7

;,);&, *) ',&,=, *+* S7- - ,&& - *+, I-&3 (,&)/ (, )* )7

*+, C+(-*/ (,&)/: *+,(, - /) 3*& '-- 7)( -3+ 0-*)(*)/. I/

73*: +,/ )/, -*0,- *+, /3,/* (,&)/-: * - *, ;;(,/* *+*

C+(-*/* (, )* /0 - / )77-;(/ )7 7( )(, )&0,( (,&)/-

/0 *+* )-* )7 *+, ',&,7- *+* (, /0,(&/ *+, C+(-*/ (,&)/

,(, /3,/* * *+, *, *+* * - -0 *+* C+(-* - ')(/.

F)( /-*/3,: 7 I ,(, *) =, ) *+,-, 73*- T+* *+- 0=/, ',/ -

')(/ )7 =(/ )/ )( ')* D,3,',( 25 T+* 0=/, ;,(-)/ -

')(/ / 3=, )( -*'&, ',3-, *+,(, - /) ;&3, 7)( + / *+, //

T+* 0=/, ;,(-)/ - (,,3*,0 ' *+)-, *) +) +, ;(,3+,0 /0

- &*,( 3(37,0 +,(,;)/ +, - (-,0 7() *+, 0,0 )/ *+, *+(0

0: /) 0)'* *+, )(* )7 *+, ;,(-)/- +,(/ -3+ /7)(*)/

)&0 - *+* I - =/ *+, *+, -*)( )7 ,-- - * - 3)/*/,0 /

*+, H)& B'&,. B*: I +=, /)* (,7,((,0 *) ,--. T+, 73* )7 *+, ')=,

,(, ;(*- )7 =,( /3,/* (,&)/- 3&&,0 M*+(- +3+ - *+,

,-*'&-+,0 ',&,7 )7 &&)/- )7 /3,/* 0(> )&=, P,(-/ /*)/- )=,(

5:$$$ ,(- ',7)(, * - -0 *+* ,-- - ')(/.

I '()+* )* *+, ')=, / )(0,( *) 0,)/-*(*, *) ) -), )7 *+,

7&&3,- /0 -&,0/ (,(>- *+* (, 3)/*/,0 / *+, +-*)(,- )7

*+, ;(,-,/* 0.

27



S7- 00 /)* () )* )7 *+, C+(-*/ (,&)/ '* *+, (,=,(-, - *(,.

T+, ',&,7 / A/,&-: *+, D )7 0,/*: *+, 0 )7 A*)/,,/*: *+,

,-*'&-+,/* )7 *(/,0 /0 ++& )(/,0 ;(,-* )( /-*,(: *+,

',&,7 / 0,)/- /0 *+, )77,(/- )7 7))0 *) *+, G)0-: (, && 0,,;

-,*,0 3+(3*,(-*3- )7 /3,/* /)(*+,-* /0 S)*+,-* A7(3/

(,&)/-. W+,(,=,( *+, A7(3/ ,/* +, *))> *+ + % /,3,--*,- H-

G)0: +- G()* +-*)(/ /0 +- (,&)- &,0,( /0 * - ,@*(,,&

0773&* *) +=, *+, A7(3/ *) 3+/, / )7 *+)-, *+(,, /,3,--*,-. I/

73*: =&'&, /7)(*)/ -+)- *+* /*& =,( (,3,/* / +-*)( *+,

A7(3/ - *+, 3+/,( /0 3(,*)( )7 )*+,( (,&)/- +&, 3+//

=,( &**&, / *+, 7)/0*)/ )7 +- )/ ',&,7-.

B,&,=,(- / *+, S7 -3+))&- )7 *+)+* /0,(-*/0 *+* /*(, /0 *+,

+,=,/- (, '* *+, *(, +-*)(,- )7 && *+* - 3(,*,0 /0 *+* 7(*+,(

G)0 - A&& /0 A&& - G)0. T+, ,@-*,/3, )7 *,(& 3(,*)/ - '* /

,@;(,--)/ )7 *+, E=,(;(,-,/* G)0 (,7&,3*,0 / /0 ,')0,0 / *+*

+3+ , 3&& **,(. M/ - A& H- )-* ,@3,&&,/* 3(,*)/ 7)( M/

- ')*+ A/,& /0 D,=&. I/ M/ ,@-*- && )7 *+, /*(,- )7 3(,*)/ /0

/ )(0,( *) /0,(-*/0 *+* +3+ - *+, T(*+ A& H M/ -* 7(-*

-*0 /0 >/) S,&7. S,&7 0-3;&/, - *+, >, *+* /&)3>- *+, 0))( *+*

&,0- *) *+* T(*+ +3+ - G)0 /0 *+)* *+* >, M/ -* -77,(

/0 ', ')/0 ' -*3,. L')( - *+, )*,( 3)(* S77@ *+* &,0- *)

*+, 0))( /0 7 M/ - *) 3()-- *+, *+(,-+)&0 )7 &+* +- &')(- -* ',

/ /0 +- )*=*)/- ;(, 7)( ;(* - *+, 7(-* )'&*)/ )7 *+,

S7. L)=, - *+, ;)--,--)( )7 *+, ()) +,(* /0 M/ 3//)* ',3),

)/, *+ G)0 /&,-- +, - 7(-* )/, *+ L)=,.

28



THAWBAN ABU AL FA!D IBN IBRAHIM

C)/*/,0 *+/ *+, 0)3*(/, )7 S7- (, =-* -,3(,*- /0 -*)(,- )7

>/)&,0, 33&*,0 )=,( *+)-/0- )7 ,(- )7 0&,/* &')( ' *+,

S7- )7 A7(3. I* )&0 /)* ', ))0 0, 7)( , *) ) /*) / )7 *+,

-*,(,- )7 S7- / *+- (*/ /0 / /-*(3*)/- 3)/3,(// *+,

(*,- /0 3,(,)/,- )7 *+, S7 &&

', =,/ *) *+, I- /0 S+,>- - ,3+ 0=/3,- *) 0,-(,0 0,(,,

)7 /0,(-*/0/.

I && /)* 3&)-, *+- -,3*)/ )7 *+, (*/ *+)* ;/ *('*, *) )/,

)7 )( (,* K'*- W+,,&- )7 *+, U/=,(-,. M A&&+ '&,-- *+, D=/,

N, )7 *+, M-*,( /0 7)/0,( )7 )( N, M))(-+ N*)/ T+'/

& F0 '/ I'(+. T+'/ & F0 '/ I'(+ &-) 3&&,0 D+ &

N/ & M-( *(/-&*,0 - T+, S)/ )7 *+, F-+ )7 E;* - ')(/ / *+,

//*+ 3,/*( A.D. / *+, S)*+,(/ ;(* )7 E;*. A* / ,(&

,:T+'/ ',3, /*,(,-*,0 / 0,=,&);/ +-,&7 / && *+,

>/)&,0, )7 *+, (,&)/ )7 E& I-& - +- ;(,/*- ,(, M))(- /0

M-&- )7 *+, S7 )(0,( /0 0)3*(/,.

B *+, , )7 12 ,(- )&0: +, +0 ,)(,0 A& K<(/ /0 )/, 0 -

+, - 3)/ +), 7() -3+))&: T+'/ ,* *+ / A/,& )7 A&&+

+) -, *) + / *+, 7)( )7 /. T+'/ (,3,=,0 /-*(3*)/-

/ *+, ,// )7 *+, (*/- /0 -,3(,* *,@*- 3(=,0 / *+, &&- /0

*)'- )7 E;* /0 *+* / *+, (*- )7 (,0/ *+, )=,,/* )7 *+,

+,=,/- /0 *+, (,&*)/ *+* -3+ )=,,/* +0 ;)/ *+, /*(,- )7

,@-*,/3,- )/ ,(*+. H, /0,(,0 ')* E;* (,0/ *+, +,()&;+3-

-3(,0 (*/- /0 *+()+ -,&7 0-3;&/, - =,/ *+, ;),( *)

/0,(-*/0 *+, //,( ,// )7 *+)-, *,@*-.

29



B *+, , )7 21 ,(-: T+'/ ',/ *) *,3+ )/ +- 7& /0

7(,/0- /0 * ',3, +- 0,,; 0,-(, *) -;(,0 *+, >/)&,0, *+* +,

+0 (,3,=,0 *+()+)* *+, )(&0 /0 3(,*, *+, ;,3, /0 +()/

*+* +0 ',,/ -) '-,/* / *+, &/0 )7 E;* 0(/ +- ')+))0. O/,

0: T+'/ 3&&,0 -,=,(& )7 +- M-& 7(,/0- *),*+,( /0 -**,0

*) *+, *+* A&&+ +0 =,/ + *+, ;),( *) 0-;;,(. W+,/ +-

7(,/0 ,@;(,--,0 0)'* *+* -3+ 7,* 3)&0 ', 0)/,: T+'/

,0*,& ',3, /=-'&, 7*,( (,;,*/ 7)(& *+* +, -0 +0

',,/ *+* *) + ' *+, A/,& G'(,&. A7*,( *+* *,: *+,(, - &**&,

0)'* )/ +- -*0,/*- *+* /0,,0 A&&+ +0 (/*,0 + /0

'&,--,0 + *+ ;),(- ',)/0 *+, >/)&,0, )7 / /0 +-

7)&&)/ /3(,-,0 (;0& - )(0 )7 *+- 7,* -;(,0.

T+'/ & F0 '/ I'(+ - S7 /0 ',/ S7 -

3)/3,(/,0 ')* *+, 0=-)/- *+* ,@-*,0 / *+, R,&)/ )7 E& I-&.

H, ',/ *) ;(,3+ /-* *+, / -,3*- *+* ,(, 0,=,&);/

3)/*,/0/ *+* * - *+, ;(;)-, )7 A&&+ *+* *+, 3(,*,0 ,@-*,/3,-

-+)&0 -*(=, *) 0,&& *),*+,( / ;,3, /0 +()/ /0 *+* A&&+

+0 /) &)=, 7)( *,;&,-: 3+(3+,-: )-,- )( -/),- /&,-- *(,

/0 0=/, &)=, -+)&0 '0, *+/ /0 T+'/ - /)* *+- *(, /0

D=/, &)=, )/ *+, -,=,(& 73*)/- )7 /. T+'/ *+* *+*

A&&+ 0,&& )/& *+/ /0 *+, G)0- *+)* (, '* 0,)/- )7 /< -

3(,*)/. T+, ;,);&, ',3, ()-,0 * +- *,3+/- 7)( *+,(, ,(,

/ +) ;()7,--,0 *+, &)=, )7 0)&- /0 -***,- &=/ ()/0 +-

=&&, * *+* *,. S) T+'/ - 7)(3,0 *) 7&,, /0 *>, (,7, /

*+, &/0 )7 T',-* +,(, +, &=,0 )/ *+, M))(- *+,(,. R. A.

N3+)&-)/: )/, )7 *+, /)*,0 +-*)(/- +) 00 *, '* )7 )(>

3)/3,(// *+, (,&)/ )7 E& I-& /0 *+, S7 0)3*(/, / +- '))> )/

30



S7- -- *+* T+'/ A' & F '/ I'(+ - &,3*(/ *

G,+ )/ *+, S7 0)3*(/, +,/ +, -. 3+&&,/,0 ' (); )7

M-&- +) 00 /)* ',&,=, +* *+, +0 +,(0 ')* *+, -*,(.

T+'/ -0 *) *+,: 9 I7 I -+)&0 3)/0 *+, 7(/*(, *) )=,

')* / *+- ()): * && )', ,9. B,/ ->,;*3- )7 *+, ;),(- )7

S7: *+, )/&))>,(- &+,0 /0 )3>,0 * T+'/. B,7)(, *+, -&,-

+0 &,7* *+,( 73,-: *+, 3+&&,/,(- ,(, -+)3>,0 ' *+, -+* )7 *+,

*'&,- /0 3+(- - *+, ',/ *) )=, ;)/ *+, 3)/0 )7 T+'/

/0 ' *+, ;),( )7 *+, A'-)&*, M/0 T+'/ --;,/0,0 *+,

7(/*(, / 0 ( +,(, * (,/,0 /*& +, )(0,(,0 * *) (,*(/ *)

*+, )(/& ;)-*)/. T+- - )/& )/, )7 / 7,*- *+* * - (,;)(*,0

*+* T+'/ 00.

T+'/ '/ I'(+ *+* ',/,*+ *+, ;(0- )7 G,+ 7)( ')*

4$ ,(- /0 0(/ *+- ;,()0 +, 3)07,0 /0 )(/,0 *+, S7

0)3*(/,. H, )*&/,0 *+, -,=,/ -*,;- )7 M>* /0 ,@;&/,0 /

0,*& +) *+, 3*)/- )7 I-*/'* )&0 &,0 *) M(7+ ,-*-. H-

-*0,/*- )7* *,- ;();*,0 + *) 3)/-*(3* M)-, / +- /, '*

T+'/ (,--*,0 *,&&/ *+, *+* A&&+ A& HT+, T(*+ +0

3(,*,0 *+, +)&, ,(*+ *) ', )/, M-0 U& S& M)-, )7 P,3,

/0 *+* +- -*0,/*- M(0- -+)&0 /)* (,7,( *) + - *+,( *,3+,(

)* ,(, *) 3&& *+,-,&=,- +- 3+&0(,/ B/ + & N/. T+- *+,

00 /0 7)(,0 '()*+,(+))0 3)/--*/ )7 )=,( 2$:$$$ S7- && )7

+) (,7,((,0 *) *+,-,&=,- - M))(-.

T+'/ '/ I'(+ '()+* 7)(*+ /0 (,-((,3*,0 *+, *,3+/- )7

*+, G(,* #/ A>+,/*)/ )7 +) +, *+* - )/, )7 *+, (,*,-*

&,0,(- )7 *+, ;-*. H, *+* 7() *+, *,3+/- )7 A>+,/*)/ ')*

#/)&,0,: U/0,(-*/0/: M-,(: /0 *+, *(&- )7 H)(- /0 O-(-.

31



T+,-, (*/- )7 A>+,/*)/ +0 ',,/ -*)&,/ 7() E;* 0(/ *+,

(,/ )7 A&,@/0,( *+, G(,* 33)(0/ *) T+'/. A/0 *+, E();,/

+0 *>,/ *+,-, -3(,0 *,@*- /0 ;;&,0 *+, /, )7 *+,( G)0 ,--

*) *+, / *+, ;&3, +,(, *+* -+)&0 (,0 H)(-. P(* )7 *+, *,@*-

(,0:9W, (, *+, C+&0(,/ )7 )/, F*+,(: ;()=0,0 7)( ' +- 3(,: /0

*+, '(,-* )7 )/, M)*+,( +*+ =,/ *+,, -3>. A/)*+,( -,3*)/ )7 *+,

-3(,0 *,@*- (,0: 9 T+, 7* )7 U/0,(-*/0/ (, *+, *(,-(,- )7

G)09. A/)*+,( -,3*)/ )7 *+, -3(,0 *,@*- (,0: “#/) T+-,&7 /0

*+) -+&* >/) G)0 +) - T+ F*+,(9.

S+)(*& ',7)(, *+, 0,*+ )7 T+'/ '/ I'(+: +, -,/* &(,

0,*3+,/* )7 +- 7)&&),(- *) S;/ *) 0 *+, M))(- *+,(, +) ,(,

/0,( **3> 7() *+, C+(-*/ 7)(3,- 7() *+, N)(*+. T+-

0,*3+,/* ,/* *) S;/ +,(, *+, ',3, '-,0 * S,=&&,. U;)/

((=& *+,(,: *+, ',3, =,( /7&,/*& 0, *) *+, =-* >/)&,0,

*+* *+, ;)--,--,0. T+, =/-+,0 *+, C+(-*/ 7)(3,- 7() S,=&&,

/0 (,/,0 S,=&&,: M((>-+<T+, &/0 )7 *+, C-+. H),=,(: *+,

A('- )7 T)&,0): C,*: /0 G(/0 (,,3*,0 *+, (,// )7 S,=&&,

/0 '/0,0 *),*+,( *+ *+, C+(-*/ 7)(3,- )7 L,)/ . T+, B/ D+

& N/ ,(, 3(-+,0 ',*,,/ *+, A('- )7 S)*+,(/ S;/ /0 *+,

C+(-*/- *) *+, N)(*+ /0 +0 *) *>, (,7, / F, / M)()33) -*

',7)(, *+, 7&& )7 G(/0 / 14"1 I/ ')* 86$ A.D.: T+'/ A' &

F '/ I'(+ *))> && / *+, 3* )7 G,+ / E;*. M/ +/0(,0-

)7 +- -*0,/*- (-+,0 *) G,+ / )(0,( *) ', ' *+, -*,(<- -0,. S),

)7 *+, &,0/ S7- )7 +- 0: && )7 +) (,3)/,0 T+ '/ - *+,

M)( K'* A@- )7 *+, U/=,(-, 3, *) ; *+,( (,-;,3*-. U;)/.

-,,/ -) / M-&- *+,(: T+'/ - (,;)(*,0 *) +=,

(,(>,0:” W+ +=, -) / )7 ) 3), +,(,? I- * *) -,, +,*+,( )(

32



/)* 0,*+ 3/ )=,(*>, ,? N: '* 0,*+ 3//)* )=,(*>, )( , 7)( I

'* ) / *+- 7)(. I -* ) /) 7)( 0),- /)* *+, -/ -,*

,-*(0? A/0 - *+, -/ 0)*+ -,* / *+, ,-*(0 -> /0 (-,*+ )/3,

/: -) -+&& I /0 *+- -+&& , -,,. M G)0 +*+ ;;)/*,0 *+- (,-*

7)( , '* * -+&& &-* '* *+)-/0 ,(- /0 I -+&& 3), / 7)(

3+&0(,/ -+&& ', / 0(, /,,0 )7 ,. A/0 I -+&& 3), *) *+, /0

*,3+ *+, )7 *(*+ /0 *+, -+&& >/) )7 , ' *+, )(0- *+* I -+&&

-;,> *) *+,. F)( -(,& - *+, -/ -+&& (-, / *+, ,-*: -) -+&& I:

T+'/ )7 *+, F-+: (-, / *+, ,-* /0 *+, -+&& +,( ,. F()

A&&+ 3, I: /0 *) A&&+ I (,*(/ '* (,,',( *+, )(0- *+* I

-;,> 7)( 7*,( 1$$$ ,(- -+&& I ;;,( W,-*(0 / *+, &/0 )7 D,*+

/0 *+,(, -+&& I ',/ (,* )(>9. W*+ *+, -/ )7 *+)-, )(0-

*+* ,(, (,3)(0,0 ' *+, M-&-: S3(',-: /0 G()*- 7() N)(*+,-*

/0 S)*+,-* A7(3: T+'/<- 7/& )(0- ,(, A&&+ A>'( G)0 -

M)-* G(,*. T+, *&, )/ *+, S7- )7 N)(*+,-* A7(3 - *+*

'(+* ( )7 &+* -(()/0,0 *+, M-*,( /0 *+, 3)* ;)/ +3+ +,

&0 ',3, --;,/0,0 / *+, ( *) *+, +,+* )7 ')* 7,,*. A/0

*+()+ *+* &+* ,/*. 7)(*+ -+0) *)(0- *+, +,=,/ / -+7* )7

;(, &+*. A/0 * - -0 *+* *+* &+* -(()/0,0 *+, 0,0 ')0 )7 *+,

M-*,( 7)( . +)(- /0 *+* 0(/ *+- *,: /) / 3)&0 ;;()3+

*+* ')0. T+'/ A' & F '/ I'(+ - '(,0 * G,+ / 86$

A.D.

THE PROPHEC! OF NOBLE DREW ALI

O/ /( 8: 1884: )/, *+)-/0 /0 *,/*7)( ,(- 7*,( *+, 0,*+

/0 *(/-7)(*)/ )7 M-*,( T+'/ A' & F '/ I'(+: -)/

- ')(/ *) *+, D(, 7& +) (,-0,0 / S&,: N)(*+ C()&/. A-

*+ *+, P();+,* M+0 /0 *+, &7, )7 M-*,( T+'/: *+, ,(&

33



&7, )7 N)'&, D(, A& - -+()0,0 / -*,(. F() *+, *(=,&- /0

)(>- )7 )( G(/0 I +&, -,(=/ / *+, 3;3* - N*)/&

G(/0 G)=,(/)( )7 *+, M))(-+ S3,/3, T,;&, )7 A,(3: I - '&,

*) ;,3, *),*+,( -), )7 *+, ,=,/*- / *+, &7, )7 D(, A& /0 +- ,(&

*,3+/-.

F() )(0 )7 )*+ (,;)(*- /0 (,-,(3+: I +=, ',,/ '&, *) ,-*'&-+

*+* *+, H)/)('&, N)'&, D(, A& * / ,(& , ',3, 3)/3,(/,0

')* *+, ;()'&,- 73/ *+, ;,);&, )7 *+, ,-* 3&&,0 N,(),-: B&3>

7)&>: /0 C)&)(,0 ;,);&,-. N)'&, D(, A& +0 *+/ +- +,(* *+, 0,

)7 (-/ )( /*)/ )7 -) 3&&,0 '&3>- 7() *+, 7&&,/ -**, *) -**, )7

>/)&,0, ')* *+,-,&=,-: *+,( G)0 /0 *+,( /3,/* (,&)/.

A- ;-+,0 ' -), -*,()- 7)(3,: N)'&, D(, A& (,0 /0 -*0,0

&& )7 *+, =&'&, +-*)( *+* +, 3)&0 ,=,/ *+)+ -), +=, *(,0 *)

0,/ *+* A& 3)&0 (,0 ;;(,/*& **,;*/ *) 3); 7() *+, &7, )7

*+, P();+,* M+0. F() +- -*0,- /0 ,0**)/-: D(, A&

',3, 7&&,0 *+ *+, 0, *+* +, /0,,0 - P();+,* )7 A&&+ /0

*+* * - +- 0* *) /0 +, - -,/* 7)(*+ 7)( *+, ;(;)-, )7 (-/

7&&,/ +/*.

I/ 1"1%: *+ *+- )& / +- +,(*: N)'&, D(, A&& 7)/0,0 *+, A/3,/*

C//*, T,;&, * N,(>: N, ,(-,. H, *+* *+* *+, -) 3&&,0

N,() - (,&& *+, /3,/* M))( /0 *+* /)/, )7 *+, /,- -3+ -

N,() )( B&3> ;;&,0 *) )( N*)/. H, 7)(,0 -&& (); )7

7)(,( N,(),- /0 *+- (); )7 C//*,- - *+, 7)(,(//,(- )7 *+,

M))(-+ S3,/3, T,;&, )7 A,(3. T+, 7(-* 3+(*,(,0 T,;&, -

,-*'&-+,0 *+ +,0(*,(- * C+3): I&&/)- / ')* 1"15.

T+, H)/)('&, N)'&, D(, A&: / -,(3+ )7 +- *(, -,&7: +0 ',,/

/03*,0 /*) *+, P(/3, H&& F(,, /0 A33,;*,0 M-)/- '* -))/ 7)/0

34



*+* +),=,( 0&,/* *+* +, - / *+, M-)/3 O(0,(: +- -)& - /)*

-*-7,0 *+ >/)&,0, 7)( +3+ (,* ;(3, +0 *) ', ;0. T+,

O(0,( +0 )/, ))0 ,77,3* / *+, &7, )7 *+, P();+,* / *+* * );,/,0 +-

/0 *) *+, / 077,(,/* ;+&)-);+,- *+* &(>,0 *+/ *+, /0- )7

,/. I* /*()03,0 + *) >/)&,0, *+* - +00,/ 7() *+,

&**0, +),=,(: *+,(, - /) -;(*& 7&7&&,/* /0 -))/ N)'&,

D(, A& 7)/0 +-,&7 * )00- *+ *+, O(0,(. A& 0,*,(/,0 *+* *+,

*(, (,&)/ )7 *+, -) 3&&,0 N,() - *+, R,&)/ )7 E& I-& /0 *+*

*+, C+(-*/ R,&)/ - =,/ *) *+, E();,/ 7)( *+,( )/

-&=*)/. H, 0,*,(/,0 *+* )( *(, /0 D=/, C(,,0 - *+, C(,,0 )7

I-& /0 *+* )( H)& B))> - A& K(/ +3+ - *+, M)*+,( )7 *+,

B))>-. I* - (,;)(*,0 *+* *+, H)/)('&, N)'&, D(, A&& *(=,&,0

,@*,/-=,& *+()+)* *+, U/*,0 S**,- )7 A,(3 /0 *+* 0(/ +-

&7, +, **,/0,0 )/, )7 *+, ,,*/- )7 *+, O(/*)/ )7 A7(3/ U/*

/ C'. T+, ,@3* 0*,- *+* +, - -0 *) +=, **,/0,0 *+,-, ,,*/-

(, /=&'&,.

A* &,-* )/, -)(3, -**,0 *) , *+* N)'&, D(, A& ,/* *) *+, H)&

C* )7 M,33 /0 *+* ;)/ +- (,*(/ 7() M,33: +, =-*,0 ')*+

E;* /0 M)()33). I - /)* '&, *) =,(7 *+)-, *(=,&- H),=,(:

-/3, * - ;;(,/* 7() *+, ,(& (*/- /0 &,**,(- *+)(,0 ' A&

/0 -,/* 7)(*+ *) *+, ,',(-+; 3);,- )7 +3+ (, ;(,-,/*& / *+,

;)--,--)/ )7 B()*+,( L)=, E& +) (,-0,- / M3+/3)/7(- +-

*)*& 3)*,/* *) && )7 *+, (,(,,/*- )7 *+, R,&)/ )7 E& I-&:

* )&0 ', =,( 0773&* *) ',&,=, *+* M-& )7 +- (,;**)/ /0

-***, 00 /)* =-* M,33.

T+, H)/)('&, N)'&, D(, A& (,-((,3*,0 *) /3,/* *,3+/- )7 #/

A>+,/*)/ - 00 )( M-*,( T+'/ A' & F '/ I'(+. H,

35



'()+* 7)(*+ *+, F,: *('/: /0 *+, D=/, B))>- *+* ;,(*/ *) *+,

R,&)/ )7 E& I-&. T+, /3,/* *,3+/- )7 #/ A>+,/*)/ ,(,

3);&,0 /0 (,3)(0,0 ' *+, H)/)('&, N)'&, D(, A&

/0,( *+, /, T+, H)& K<(/ )7 *+, M))(-+ S3,/3, T,;&, )7

A,(3. T+,-, *,3+/- (, *+, -, - *+)-, *+* ,(, -,0 ' *+,

/3,/*- )7 E;* ',7)(, *+, ,(, ;&7,(,0 ' *+, E();,/ /0

(,3)(0,0 /0,( *+, **&, T+, A(/ G)-;,& )7 ,--. P()( *) *+,(

;'&3*)/ / *+, A(/ G)-;,&: *+)-, -, *,3+/- ;;,(,0

)/ *+, '))>- -*0,0 ' *+, O(0,( )7 *+, #/+*- )7 *+, R)-, C()--

)( R)-3(3/- /0 (, ;(,-,/*& ;'&-+,0 ' *+* )(0,( /0,(

=()- **&,-.

A& ,* *+ 3+ 0773&* / ,-*'&-+/ *+, M))(-+ S3,/3, T,;&,

)7 A,(3. D(/ *+* ,(: *+, N.A.A.C.P. +0 (,3,/*& ',,/ 7)/0,0

/0 *+, (,--*,0 /0 3)/0,/,0 *+, *,3+/- )7 A&. A& +0 ;),(7&

;)&*3& ,/,,-: ,-;,3&& / C+3): I&&/)- /0 *+,-, ,/,,- ,(,

3)/-*/*& *(/ *) 3-, 3)/7-)/ / *+, *,;&,. T+,/ *+,(, ,(, *+,

(,=,(,/0-: ;(,3+,(-: /0 /-*,(- +) - A& - *+(,* *) *+,(

&=,&+))0 /0 -,* ')* *) )'-*(3* A& * +- ,=,( *(/. O/, -3+

,/, - S+,> G(,,/ E& +): +&, A& - )/ '-/,--: )=,0

*+, P();+,*<- ',&)//- 7() +- )773, )/ W'-+ A=,/, / C+3):

- ()(,0 *) +=, +0 +0 *+, 3((,/* G(/0 S+,> * *+* *,

(0,(,0: /0 ;()3&,0 +-,&7 *+, &,0,( )7 *+, M))(-+ S3,/3,

T,;&,. H),=,(: *+* &,0,(-+; - -+)(* &=,0 - ;)/ *+, (,*(/ )7

A&: S+,> G(,,/ E& /0 -,=,/ )7 *+)-, ,',(- +) ---*,0 + / *+,

*>/ )=,( )7 *+, )=,,/* ,(, 7)/0 7&)*/ / L>, M3+/ /0

*+, &,0,(-+; )7 *+, P();+,* - (,,-*'&-+,0. A& - 0,*/,0 ' *+,

;)&3, 3)/3,(// *+)-, 0,*+- '* - /)* 3)/=3*,0 )7 / 3);&3*.

36



A& 0,0 / C+3): I&&/)- )/ & 2$: 1"2". H- 3-, )7 0,*+ -

&-*,0 - (,-;(*)( 7&(,.

THE NATION OF ISLAM

I,0*,& ;)/ *+, 0,*+ )7 A&: -*(&, ',/ 7)( *+, 3)/*()& )7

*+, M))(-+ S3,/3, T,;&, &,0,(-+;. O/, 73*)/ - / D,*()* &,0

' 33)(0/ *) L)- L)@ / +- '))> )/ B&3> N*)/&- )/,

W.D. F(0 +) 3&,0 *) ', *+, (,/3(/*)/ )7 D(, A&. A&-)

,',( )7 *+, D,*()* T,;&, * *+* *, - E&+ P))&, E& T+,

H)/)('&, E&+ M+0. I/ C+3): I&&/)- *) 73*)/- -;(/

7)(*+ )/, )7 *+, 3&/ *) (,;(,-,/* *+, (,/3(/*,0 P();+,* A&

/0 *+, )*+,( (,,3*/ *+, 0)3*(/, )7 (,/3(/*)/ /0 -,**/ ;

*,;&, &/,0 *+ *+, *,;&, * M3+/. M)/,- 33&*,0 ' A&

7)( *+, ;&7*/ )7 7&&,/ +/* 0-;;,(,0 7() *+, '/>-.

P();,(* ',&)// *) *+, M))(-+ S3,/3, T,;&, - -)&0 /0 *+,

*(/-3*)/ +00,/ 7() *+, ,',(-+;. W(*/ )7 A& ,(, 0,-*(),0

/0 )*+,( (*/ ;* 7)(*+ - ',/ *+* )7 A&. E=& -*)(,- ',/ *)

3(3&*, ')* A&. O/, -3+ *,;&, ;(,3+,0 *+* A& 00 /)* 3)/7(

*) *+, (,&)/ )7 E& I-& *+* A& *, ;)(> /0 0(/> /, /0 *+-

;)(> ,*/ ' A& - *+, (,-)/ *+* +, '()+* 7)(*+ *+, )&: *,-: /0

3);)/0- 7)( *+, ;(73*)/ )7 *+, --*,. I/ *+, 3,&,'(*)/ )7

A&- '(*+0: *+- =,( -, *,;&, +3+ - >/)/ - T,;&, Q1

&)3*,0 * "5 E-* 5*+ S*(,,* / C+3): I&&/)- -,(=,0 /,: +->,:

',,(: /0 &* &)( +&, *+, ,/ 3)/--*,0 )7 + +)3>- /0

(,,/-: ;)(> 3+);-: (,,/ ;,- *+ '3)/: /0 -&3,0 + && /

3,&,'(*)/ )7 M-*,( M-&- '(*+0.

B* A& +0: / +- -;(,, -0): ;(,03*,0 *+* *+,-, /-*3,- /0

-&,0/ )7 *+, ,',(-+; )&0 )33(. M/ *,-: * - (,;)(*,0:

37



+, -0 *+* *+)-, *) +) +, -;)>, 00 /)* /0,(-*/0 *+, ,--,

*+* +, 3, *) 0,&=,(. I/ / )7 +- -;,,3+,-: +, (,7,((,0 *) *+,

,',(-+; - +- 3+&0(,/ - 00 M-*,( T+'/. I* - 3&,0 *+*

&>, M-*,( T+'/: A& - -,3(,*& /**,0 /*) *+, I&&/* )(

*+)-, +) ;)--,-- -;(,, &+*. N)/, )7 *+,-, 3&- ,(, =,(7,0 '

T+, H)/)('&, N)'&, D(, A& +-,&7. A& 3, 7)(*+ * *, *+*

M-*,( T+'/ ;(,03*,0 *+* )/, )&0 3), 7)(*+. A& )7*,/ *)&0 *+,

,',(-+; *+* +, 3, 7)( *+, /')(/ /0 *+* *+, >/)&,0, *+*

+, *+* )&0 ', /0,(-*))0 /)* ' *+, '* ' *+)-, +) ,(, ,*

/')(/ /0 * - *+, +) )&0 (,3)/, /0 ,-*'&-+ +- )(>-.

A&& I-&3 )(/*)/- *+* (, *,3+/ *)0 )/ *+, -) 3&&,0

'&3> / (, ,*+,( 0(,3*& )( /0(,3*& / )77-+))* )7 *+, M))(-+

S3,/3, T,;&, )7 A,(3. T+, N*)/ )7 I-& T+, F/& C&& ',/

7() *+, N*)/ )7 I-& T+, W)(&0 C)/* )7 A& I-& ',/ /

)77-+))* 7() *+, N*)/ )7 I-& *+* - 7)/0,0 ' ')*+ M-*,(

W.O. F(0 M+0 /0 T+, H)/)('&, E&+ M+0 ')*+ )7

+) ,(, M))(- )7 *+, M))(-+ S3,/3, T,;&, )7 A,(3 / D,*()*:

M3+/. T,;&,.

I/ 3)/3&-)/: I - *+* && ,',(- /0 )773,(- )7 *+, N, M))(-+

N*)/ -+)&0 -,,> *) /0,(-*/0 +* 0*,- /0 )'&*)/- *+* ,

+=, -,* ',7)(, -. A&& ,',(- )7 *+, M-0 -* >, 3)*,/*

*) '(/ ')* *+, L)=,: T(*+: P,3,: F(,,0) /0 -*3, *+* - *+,

)& )7 ,=,( M-& &,0,( *+* +- 3), ',7)(, -. !) -+)&0 ',

3&,/ / )( *+)+*- /0 +'*-: (,-;,3* *+)-, *) +) (,-;,3* - 0,:

(,,',( *+, =)- *+* ) +=, *>,/ /0 -,,> *) /0,(-*/0 +* -

(+* /0 ))0. ./0 *+,/ 0) *. A T(, M))( - 7(-* *(, *) A&&+ +-

38



G)0 -,3)/0: +, - *(, *) ++,( H+,( S,&7 /0 && ;,);&,- )7 *+-

,(*+.

W, (, *+, 3+&0(,/ )7 )/, F*+,(: ;()=0,0 7)( ' +- 3(,: /0 *+,

'(,-* )7 )/, M)*+,( +- =,/ - && -3>. S) , -* ', ')/0 '

77,3*)/ *+* P,3, /0 B()*+,(+))0 -+&& 0,&& / )( F*+,(- +)-,.

M))(- (, /)* /)*,0 7)( *+, ,(( 3(& )7 *+, +( '* *+, 3)/*,/*- )7 *+,

+,0 +3+ *+, +( 3)=,(-. N)* ' (3+/: -// )( =)&,/3, &&

*+, M))(- ', 0,&=,(,0 7() *+, ()/ +/0 )7 );;(,--)/: '* '

/*,&&,/* 3)/=,(-*)/ /0 *+, ;),(- )7 (,-)/: 3)/-,3(*)/ *) *+,

GOOD /0 *+, M,/*&- )7 (;0 *+)+* . N)* ' *+, )*,( (,/*-

*+* (, ;)/ )( '3>- -+&& ) ', (,3)/,0 '* ' *+, S;(* *+*

- (;;,0 *+/ *+,. I =, ) -*,( !)( ')0 - '* - *+,

3(3&, /0 *+, S;(,, G)0 A&&+ - *+* P)/* *+/ *+, 3(3&,. T+,/

&,* )( 3)/3,/*(*)/ ', *)(0- *+* 3,/*,( ;)/*. L,* ) /0 +,

*)(0- *+* ;)/* *+/. D( / *+, -,/-,- 7() ,@*,(/& 0,-(,- 7)(

*+, )(&0 ',&)/- *) *+)-, +) -,,> * /)*. A/0 &-*&: ', 3)/-0,(*,

/0 3)(*,)- *) ,3+ /0 ,=,( / . E=,/ )( ,/, && ', *

;,3, *+ )/, +) -+/,- 7)(*+ *+, *(, &+* )7 G)0. B, 3)/-*/* /

)( 0,=)*)/- /0 &,* /) / *(/ ) 7() *(*+. R,0: -*0:

/0 &,(/ /0 ;* && ,=& )( =,/,7& *+)+* 7( 7() ). T+*

- *+, *) *+, =3*)( *+* ) -,,> /0 * - *+, )7 G)0..

RISE UP !OU MIGHT! MOORS

RISE UP! YOU MIGHTY MOORS

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Transcript of RISE UP! YOU MIGHTY MOORS