Rise of Towns and Trade
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Transcript of Rise of Towns and Trade
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Rise of Towns and Trade
Chapter 27
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Introduction
• Life was good in Europe• People wanted luxury items like sugar, spices,
silks, and dyes from the East• Travel and trade increased
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Trading Centers
• Two important trading centers arose: Venice and Flanders
• Venetian merchants developed a banking system
• Flemish merchants turned raw materials into finished products (wool into cloth)
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Merchants
• Learned to read, write, use money, and keep records
• Traveled by land and sea• Stopped to trade with each other at yearly
fairs sponsored by feudal lords• Lords collected taxes on the sales
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Merchants
• Set up booths to display wares such as pots, swords, armor, leather goods, and clothing
• Bartered at first, then began paying with money
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Growth of Towns
• Merchants wanted a permanent settlement• Chose places near waterways or road
crossings along a trade route, and near castles, fortresses, or monasteries for protection
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Growth of Towns
• Towns developed from merchant settlements• Towns came to be called burgs• Grew and attracted more people• Held weekly fairs• Became communities of merchants, runaway
serfs, traders, wanderers, and artisans
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The Black Death
• Towns were crowded, dirty, unhealthy places to live
• In the 1300s, diseased rats brought the Bubonic Plague to Europe
• Millions died• Probably 1 out of 3 Europeans died of the plague• People left towns and fled to the countryside to
escape it
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Burghers and Lords
• Burghers (rich merchants and artisans) gained more wealth and power
• Feudal lords did not like the burghers having power
• Burghers developed a sense of loyalty to their town and worked together to build schools, hospitals and churches
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Communes
• Towns formed political groups called communes to oppose the feudal lords
• The communes became independent city-states
• Towns received charters from the king that allowed them to control their own affairs
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The Rise of Guilds
• Merchants, artisans, and workers formed guilds, or business groups whose purpose was to ensure equal treatment for members
• Couldn’t compete with one another• Worked same hours• Same number of workers• Same wages
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Becoming a Guild Member
ApprenticeTrainee for 10 years under master
JourneymanWorked under master for a daily wage
MasterPassed exam and could practice his craft/trade
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Cultural Changes
• As townspeople grew richer and more powerful, they began turning away from feudalism and looking to kings to provide leadership
• Why?