DemocracyDemocracy Rule by the peopleRule by the people Civil RightsCivil Rights Representative democracyRepresentative democracy Capitalism – private business, no Capitalism – private business, no

government ownership, free marketgovernment ownership, free market Rule of LawRule of Law

Canada and USA, 1930sCanada and USA, 1930s

Mired in a DepressionMired in a Depression High UnemploymentHigh Unemployment PovertyPoverty HungerHunger

Was capitalism failing?! Was Was capitalism failing?! Was democracy in Danger?!democracy in Danger?!

No!No!

Democracy was kept safe here . . .Democracy was kept safe here . . .

in other parts of the world…in other parts of the world…BuButt

Contestant #1 I am a womanizer, have self-interested policies

and unfortunately suffer from ailing health.

Contestant #2I have a drinking habit and a defiant tongue or attitude

Contestant #3I am a decorated war hero,

do not drink and want to create a stable economy

Contestant #3Contestant #2Contestant #1

Treaty of Versailles

Black Tuesday 1929- stock market crashes

Great Depressionduring 1930s

Increasing influence of new political parties that emphasize

state control-For example: Communism,

Nazism, Fascism

Total Controlof State by a

Dictator

What is it?What is it?Describe its Describe its characteristics…characteristics…

Government establishes complete control of all aspects of the stateGovernment establishes complete control of all aspects of the state(political, military, economy, social, cultural)(political, military, economy, social, cultural)

Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms)Highly nationalistic (flags, salutes, rallies, uniforms)

Strict controls and laws Strict controls and laws

Military state (secret police, army, military)Military state (secret police, army, military)

Censorship (opposing literature and ideas)Censorship (opposing literature and ideas)

Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers, posters)Propaganda (media – radio, newspapers, posters)

One leader (dictator); charismatic One leader (dictator); charismatic

Total conformity of people to ideas and leaderTotal conformity of people to ideas and leader

Terror and Fear Terror and Fear

Nazism

FascismCommunism

*These theories, specifically Communism and Fascism, are completely different theories that are bitterly opposed; however they exhibit the same behaviour

Totalitarianism

I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from 1922-1953.

What is Communism?

• LEFT WING• based on theory by Karl Marx• revolutionary idea of a political, economic and social system that creates a “classless society”• state ownership and control of the means of production (no private ownership)• Soviet Communism or “Stalinism”, was more of a totalitarian and military state combined with elements of communism

I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of Italy from 1922 to 1943.

What is Fascism?

• RIGHT WING• intense nationalism and elitism• totalitarian control • interests of the state more important than individual rights• maintain class system and private ownership

Interesting Fact: Fascism name was derived from the fasces, an ancient Roman symbol of authority consisting of a bundle of rods and an ax

I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945. What is Nazism?

• extremely fascist , nationalistic and totalitarian • based on beliefs of the National Socialist German Workers Party• belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan, the “master race”• belief that all Germans should have “lebensraum” or living space in Europe•Violent hatred towards Jews and blamed Germany’s problems on them

JapanJapan MilitarismMilitarism War is main policy of War is main policy of

governmentgovernment Use of force to reach Use of force to reach

goalsgoals Strong ArmyStrong Army

Emperor Hirohito

Rising Sun Japanese Imperial Flag

Hideki TojoHideki Tojo Preached virtues of Preached virtues of

territorial expansionterritorial expansion Needed to conquer – Needed to conquer –

gain more landgain more land Japan poor in natural Japan poor in natural

resourcesresources Claimed Japan’s destiny Claimed Japan’s destiny

was to drive out the was to drive out the western colonial powers western colonial powers and rule all of Asiaand rule all of Asia

Censored media and Censored media and demanded totaldemanded total obedienceobedience

SpainSpain Spanish Civil War, 1936Spanish Civil War, 1936 Francisco Franco vs. Francisco Franco vs.

Republic GovernmentRepublic Government Spain the place to stop Spain the place to stop

the rise of Fascism?the rise of Fascism? Democracies looked the Democracies looked the

other way, remained other way, remained neutral (U.S., Britain, neutral (U.S., Britain, France)France)

Hitler aided Franco, Hitler aided Franco, tested out tested out strategies/weapons for strategies/weapons for future conflicts in his future conflicts in his quest to enlarge quest to enlarge GermanyGermany

Francisco FrancoFrancisco Franco

Falange

• GESTAPO:GESTAPO: the Secret State Police the Secret State Police • SS SS (Schutzstaffel): (Schutzstaffel): Defense Corps “black shirts”, an Defense Corps “black shirts”, an elite guard unit formed out of the SAelite guard unit formed out of the SA

• SASA (Sturmabteilung): (Sturmabteilung): Stormtroopers "brown-shirts" Stormtroopers "brown-shirts" early private Nazi army that protected leaders and early private Nazi army that protected leaders and opposed rival political partiesopposed rival political parties

• LebensraumLebensraum (living space): (living space): concept that emphasized concept that emphasized need for territorial expansion of Germany into eastneed for territorial expansion of Germany into east

• WehrmachtWehrmacht:: German armyGerman army

• HJHJ (Hitler Jugend): (Hitler Jugend): Hitler YouthHitler Youth

• EinstazgruppenEinstazgruppen: : Nazi Death Squad; mobile killing Nazi Death Squad; mobile killing unitsunits

• Volk:Volk: all inclusive concept of nation, people and race, all inclusive concept of nation, people and race, implying the superiority of German culture and race; led implying the superiority of German culture and race; led to policy of to policy of VolksgemeinschaftVolksgemeinschaft (idea of a harmonized (idea of a harmonized racial Nazi community in government policies and racial Nazi community in government policies and programs)programs)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KkSFIw6vePM&feature=related

This Nazi propaganda poster reads, ‘Behind the enemy powers: the Jew.

“The Eternal Jew”Depiction of a Jew holding gold coins in one hand and a whip in the other. Under his arm is a map of the world, with the imprint of the hammer and sickle. Posters like this promoted a sharp rise in anti-Semitic

feelings, and in some cases violence against the Jewish community.

Policy of Policy of AppeasementAppeasement

AppeasementAppeasement willingness to surrender to an aggressors’ demands to avoid warwillingness to surrender to an aggressors’ demands to avoid war

How was it used prior to World War II?How was it used prior to World War II? Acceptance that Hitler could not be stopped and needed to be Acceptance that Hitler could not be stopped and needed to be

negotiated with (even at the expense of the smaller independent negotiated with (even at the expense of the smaller independent countries)countries)

Accepted because of sympathy and guilt felt by Britain and USA of Accepted because of sympathy and guilt felt by Britain and USA of unjust Treaty of Versaillesunjust Treaty of Versailles

RealityReality Blindness to true nature of Hitler’s agenda program for Eastern Blindness to true nature of Hitler’s agenda program for Eastern

EuropeEurope Irony= policy used to avoid war but empowered Hitler to continue Irony= policy used to avoid war but empowered Hitler to continue

his aggressive campaign . The only way to stop Hitler was to his aggressive campaign . The only way to stop Hitler was to declare war.declare war.

How did World War II begin?

How did appeasement contribute to World War II?

http://www.markville.ss.yrdsb.edu.on.ca/history/history/quotes.pdf

STEPS TO

WAR

ReflectReflect Was the Treaty of Versailles truly the cause of Was the Treaty of Versailles truly the cause of

World War II? Or appeasement?World War II? Or appeasement?

What do we have to remember about hindsight What do we have to remember about hindsight when examining history?when examining history?

Could Hitler have been ‘stopped’ at any time prior Could Hitler have been ‘stopped’ at any time prior to 1939?to 1939?

What was Canada’s view of appeasement and What was Canada’s view of appeasement and another potential war? What was “isolationism” ?another potential war? What was “isolationism” ?