Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan January 29, 2003 EVOLUTION OF...
-
Upload
marilyn-parsons -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
1
Transcript of Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan January 29, 2003 EVOLUTION OF...
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
January 29, 2003
EVOLUTION OF DEVOLUTION IN EVOLUTION OF DEVOLUTION IN PAKISTANPAKISTAN
PresentationPresentationatat
PILDAT Workshop for Members of the National AssemblyPILDAT Workshop for Members of the National Assembly
ByByDr. Ijaz Shafi GilaniDr. Ijaz Shafi Gilani
Chairman
Gallup PakistanGallup Pakistan
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
Pakistan’s ProblemPakistan’s Problem1947-20031947-2003
High to Modest Growth RateHigh to Modest Growth RateButBut
POOR PERFORMANCE ONPOOR PERFORMANCE ON
Good Indicators of Governance Human Development
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
WHY?WHY?GROWTH COULD NOT BE CHANNELLED INTOGROWTH COULD NOT BE CHANNELLED INTO
BuildingBuilding
Governance:Governance:
POLITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT POLITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT INFRASTRUCTUREINFRASTRUCTURELAW AND ORDERLAW AND ORDER
Human DevelopmentHuman Development
LITERACY AND EDUCATIONLITERACY AND EDUCATIONHEALTH AND SOCIAL WELFAREHEALTH AND SOCIAL WELFARERESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTRESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
We must nevertheless note that there has been
Continuing Concern About
MANAGEMENT/ADMINISTRATIVEMANAGEMENT/ADMINISTRATIVEREFORMSREFORMS
Since 1947Since 1947
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
During 1947 – 2002(56 years)
28Commissions and Committees were formed which prepared their reports on administrative reforms
Approximate Average of
11 in Every 2 2 years
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
The Recent Most included
INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS GROUPINSTITUTIONAL REFORMS GROUPheaded by Shah Mehmood Qureshiheaded by Shah Mehmood Qureshi
1993-97
GOOD GOVERNANCE GROUPGOOD GOVERNANCE GROUPheaded by Ahsan Iqbalheaded by Ahsan Iqbal
1997-99
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
A study (in 1997) which analyzed key points ofA study (in 1997) which analyzed key points of
Over Over 20 20 Commissions andCommissions andCommitteesCommittees
PROVIDED THE FOLLOWING LIST OFPROVIDED THE FOLLOWING LIST OFKEY ISSUES IN MANAGEMENT REFORMKEY ISSUES IN MANAGEMENT REFORM
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
Key Issues inKey Issues inAdministrative ReformAdministrative Reform
The need for
1.1. Fairness:Fairness:How to check Political Interference while ensuring Political Supremacy.How to check Political Interference while ensuring Political Supremacy.
The need for
2.2. Performance Based Organisation:Performance Based Organisation:How to ensure autonomy, to give Performance Targets and to hold How to ensure autonomy, to give Performance Targets and to hold everyone to Accountability.everyone to Accountability.
The need for
3.3. Compensation Review:Compensation Review:How to rationalize compensation and give Incentives to Public How to rationalize compensation and give Incentives to Public Servants, alongwith Righsizing. In other words to solve the issue of an Servants, alongwith Righsizing. In other words to solve the issue of an oversized but underpaid bureaucracy.oversized but underpaid bureaucracy.
Continued……..
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
Key Issues in Administrative Reform
The need for
4.4. Modernization and CorporatizationModernization and CorporatizationHow to upgrade Skills, Equipment, Environment and Procedures.How to upgrade Skills, Equipment, Environment and Procedures.
The need for
5.5. Training at all levelsTraining at all levelsHow introduce new Corporate Culture through Training at all stages.How introduce new Corporate Culture through Training at all stages.
The need for
6.6. Devolution, Decentralization and Local Devolution, Decentralization and Local GovernmentGovernment
The last point appeared to be the crucial starting point which could lead to the solution of other problems as well
……. Continued
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
The starting Point for Administrative ReformThe starting Point for Administrative Reform
??THERE IS A CLEAR MESSAGE THAT DEVOLUTION DEVOLUTION CAN BE A LOGICAL
STARTING POINT
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
There is evidence through Data thatThere is evidence through Data that
CENTRALIZATION IS THE SOURCE FOR CENTRALIZATION IS THE SOURCE FOR ADMINISTRATIVE INEFFICIENCYADMINISTRATIVE INEFFICIENCY
Pending Cases in Courts analysis of data 1947-1990 showed more than 80% of cases could have stopped at the local Panchayat level.
Cases registered with the Police showed more than 80% dealt with Petty Crime which could fall under local jurisdiction.
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
HenceHence
BOTTLENECKBOTTLENECK
Number Number 11isis
CENTRALIZATION AND CONCENTRATION CENTRALIZATION AND CONCENTRATION OF POLITICAL AND MANAGEMENT OF POLITICAL AND MANAGEMENT
INFRASTRUCTUREINFRASTRUCTURE
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
PoliticalPoliticalSKEPTICISM ABOUT DEVOLUTIONSKEPTICISM ABOUT DEVOLUTION
starting fromIndian Political Act, 1936
toLocal Government Plan of NRB, 2000
Despite this realization there has been pervasiveDespite this realization there has been pervasive
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
British PeriodBritish PeriodSubstitute to Independence
Ayub Martial LawAyub Martial LawSubstitute to Adult Franchise
Zia Martial LawZia Martial LawSubstitute to Holding National Elections
Musharaf GovernmentMusharaf Government
?
Skepticism continued…….. for different reasons during different periods
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
The Ironic History of Local Government in Pakistan
STATUS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Ayub Martial Law High
Bhutto Period Low
Zia Martial Law High
Benazir-Nawaz period Generally low
Musharaf Martial Law High
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
RHETORICRHETORIC
APARTAPART
AUTHORITY HAS BEEN MOVINGAUTHORITY HAS BEEN MOVING
UPWARDSUPWARDS
RATHER THANRATHER THAN
DOWNWARDSDOWNWARDS
An Irony of the Evolution of Development
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
THE DATA SUGGESTS
Movement inTHE REVERSE DIRECTIONTHE REVERSE DIRECTIONfrom downwards to Upwardsfrom downwards to Upwards
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
The Role ofLocal Government in Local Public
Services has been declining 1980-1995
Province40%
Federal42%
Local18%
Province29%
Federal67%
Local4%
1980 1995
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
CONSOLIDATED PROGRAMME SPENDINGCONSOLIDATED PROGRAMME SPENDING19951995
Provincial29%
Federal67%
Local4%
Federal Spending 67%
Provincial Government 29%
Local Government 4%
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
LimitedLimitedLocal Control on Fiscal ManagementLocal Control on Fiscal Management
Provincial Transfers
26%
Defence26%
All other expenses
13%
Debt Payment35%
Federal Budgetary Allocation 1995-96
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
LOCAL GOVERNMENTLOCAL GOVERNMENT
COULD HAVE FREEDCOULD HAVE FREED
UPPER TIERS OFUPPER TIERS OF
GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT
TO CONCENTRATETO CONCENTRATE
ON THEIRON THEIR
TRUE MANDATETRUE MANDATE
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
But sadly, whileBut sadly, whileFederal GovernmentFederal Government
Lost some of its own authority to Lost some of its own authority to creditors, Big Powers, Interest Groups, creditors, Big Powers, Interest Groups,
Mafias and MismanagementMafias and Mismanagement
IT TRIED TO SQUEEZE IN AUTHORITY IT TRIED TO SQUEEZE IN AUTHORITY FROM LOWER TIERSFROM LOWER TIERS
The Same process was repeated at provincial levelThe Same process was repeated at provincial level
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
Let us stop here to once again Let us stop here to once again examine the root cause ofexamine the root cause of
POLITICAL SKEPTICISMPOLITICAL SKEPTICISM
ABOUT DEVOLUTIONABOUT DEVOLUTION
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
Apparently the use ofApparently the use of
LOCAL GOVERNMENTLOCAL GOVERNMENT
as a substitute foras a substitute for
TRANSFER OF POLITICAL POWERTRANSFER OF POLITICAL POWER
to Popular Representationto Popular Representation
is the key source of Political skepticism
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
Thus while on the one hand
THE NEED FORTHE NEED FORDEVOLUTION AND DEVOLUTION AND
LOCAL GOVERNMENTLOCAL GOVERNMENTIS CRITICALIS CRITICAL
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
There is at the same time
Well DeservedWell Deserved
POLITICAL SKEPTICISMPOLITICAL SKEPTICISM
About the Motives of About the Motives of DevolutionDevolution
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
The NewThe NewDispensation ofDispensation of
LOCAL GOVERNMENTLOCAL GOVERNMENTMust Address this issueMust Address this issue
to make Devolution a tool for Good Governance and Administrative Efficiency rather than using it to
substitute popular political authority
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
OtherwiseOtherwiseHISTORICAL TRENDSHISTORICAL TRENDS
SHOW A REVERSE RELATIONSHIP SHOW A REVERSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN “CIVILIANIZATION”
(into which we are currently entering)(into which we are currently entering)
and the status ofand the status ofLOCAL GOVERNMENT
which is the trend is repeated which is the trend is repeated should declineshould decline
Rise and Fall in the Fortunes of Local Government in Pakistan
That sets the stage forThat sets the stage fordiscussion during the next discussion during the next
two day!two day!
THANK YOU!THANK YOU!