Riparian zone control on doc kevin bishop
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Transcript of Riparian zone control on doc kevin bishop
2013‐11‐10
1
Department of Aquatic Science and Assessment
Riparian zone control on DOC in boreal streams: ”Does this amplify the climate response?”
Photo: Erkki Oksanen, Met
Kevin Bishop, Thomas Grabs, Hjalmar Laudon, Jan Seibert
Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC)Natural Organic Matter
– A nasty beast
Photo: Stefan Löfgren
2013‐11‐10
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DOC in
Fenno‐Scandian
Surface Water
There is lots –defines
aquatic life,
impactsdrinking water
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1
0.1DO
C (
mg
L-1)
DOC is increasing!
• 50%‐100% increase 1990‐2005
Monteith, et al. 2007 NatureHyttebörn et al. in prep
2013‐11‐10
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C. Freeman, et. al. Nature (2001)
• Temperature first explanation
• Other Suggestions:Acidification RecoveryRainfall, Ionic strength, N‐dep, CO2
Still looking for mechanism(s)…
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Sta
nd
ard
ise
d D
OC
co
nc
en
tra
tio
n
Why is DOC is Rising?
Lakes
Streams
Year
1970 1980 1990 2000
CO
D (
KM
nO4
[mg/
l])
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Future Climate: 25% increase in runoff6% higher DOC
Flow and Sulfate Predict DOC in 28 Swedish Rivers 1970-2005
Erlandsson et al., Global Change Biology (2007)
2013‐11‐10
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Year
1970 1980 1990 2000
CO
D (
KM
nO4
[mg/
l])
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Future Climate: 25% increase in runoff6% higher DOC Erlandsson et al.,
Global Change Biology (2007)
Flow and Sulfate Predict DOC in 28 Swedish Rivers 1970-2005
2013‐11‐10
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Shallow Groundwater has low DOC (< 2 mg/L), Streams are 10, 20, 30 mg/L
Runoff DOC comes from ”Connected” Organic Soils in the Near‐Stream/Rpiarian Zone and Wetlands
Department of Aquatic Science and Assessment
Painting the boreal waterscape brown
Origins of DOC in the Riparian Zone
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Oxic conditions
Biological Activity
µ-bial Decomposition
Anoxic conditions
Biological Activity
µ-bial Decomposition
Respired CO2
Fixed
CO2Respired CO2
Fixed
CO2
Hillslope/Upland,
Various Soils (often podsols in SE)
Depth to Gw-Table
Riparian Zone,
Hydromorphic Soils
Respired CO2
Fixed
CO2Respired CO2
Fixed
CO2
C
CCC
Carbon storage
Carbon storage
Hillslope/Upland,
Various Soils (often podsols in SE)
Riparian Zone,
Hydromorphic Soils
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C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C-TransportGW-Flow
Hillslope/Upland,
(More) Vertical drainage
Riparian Zone,
Lateral drainage
C
C
C
C
C
C
C-TransportGW-Flow
C
C
C
C
C
C
short term
Hillslope/Upland,
(More) Vertical drainage
Riparian Zone,
Lateral drainage
longterm
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Riparian Concentration Integration Model (RIM)
0 20 40 60 80
TOC [mg/L]
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
De
pth
be
low
sur
face
[m]
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Gro
und
wat
er le
vel [
m b
elo
w s
urfa
ce] 0 2 4 6 8 10
Runoff [mm/d]
Seibert et al. 2009 (Hess)
Load
dz c(z)q(z)
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Chemostat – whatever passes gets the same ”color” -- Instantaneous, no storages involved- Vertically differentiated
Riparian Chemostat
Static
Landscape/Catchment Water≠ Runoff Chemistry
The Riparian Zone is:1. A Solution2. A Panacea3. The Ultimate Black Box4. One zone to Rule them all…
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Riparianobservatory
13 Sites
5 Depths/ Site
2 Lysimeters/ Depth
1 Gw-Well/ Site
9 Sampling Campaigns
TOC*, pH, absorbance, anions, cations, O18
+ lots of help!
15
45
75
30
60
Krycklan Riparian ObservatoryTesting the Riparian Hypothesis/Dream
wet
moraine
fluvial
sediment
dry
moraine
Riparian Soils: Temporal Variations(with soil temperature)
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Riparian Chemostat
Varying with: Depth Season
Seasonally Variable Chemostat [sic]
Temperature Sensitivity of DOC profile – captures seasonality, improves fit!
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Modeling a decade of DOC Dynamics
Aneboda –Southern Sweden
Gammtratten –Northern Sweden
Department of Aquatic Science and Assessment
Why does the Riparian Zone Amplify Climate Change effects on DOC?
• Warmer
• More rain
• Less snow
• More runoff all year
2013‐11‐10
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Seasonal Chemostat and Climate Change‐ less snowmelt, more autumn flow‐more flows when soils warm
Department of Aquatic Science and Assessment
Statistical Regression a
RiparianModel b
Mean TOC Increase ~1 mg/L (6%) ~4 mg/L (25%)
Autumn peak difference … ~10 mg/L
IPCC Hadley A Scenario, 1.5 C temperature increase, 25% more runoff (HBV modeling).
TOC increases in a future climate
aErlandsson et al., 2008 Global Change Biology ; bWinterdahl et al., 2011, Water Resources Research.
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Year
1970 1980 1990 2000
CO
D (
KM
nO4
[mg/
l])
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Future Climate: 25% increase in runoff6% higher DOC
Flow and Sulfate Predict DOC in 28 Swedish Rivers 1970-2005
Erlandsson et al., Global Change Biology (2007)
Department of Aquatic Science and Assessment
Warmer, wetter climate amplifies DOC export from the Riparian Zone:
Shift flow from Spring flood (cold soil)to rain events through warmer soils
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Thanks for your time!
…and all these years to dig into the RZ with friends and colleagues.
©Bill Waterson