Table Of Content

About us

1. Job Description2. Education Background3. Curiculum Vitae4. Fact and Figures Expression5. Simple Present Tense

1. Telling About Past Activity2. Expression Dealing with Future3. Personal Letter4. Past Simple Vs Past Continuous5. Past Perfect Vs Past Perfect Contin

uous6. Telling About the Future

1. Expression Used in Telephoning2. Telephone Message3. Pronoun4. Reported Speech5. Adjective Clause

MODULE IMODULE IMODULE IIIMODULE III

MODULE IIMODULE II

MODULE IVMODULE IV

1. Expression Dealing With Daily ActivitiesBelow are some expressions used to ask about daily activities :

• What do you usually do everyday?• What do you like to do in your spare time?• Do you always get up early in the morning?

When you asked about your daily activities, you can respond using the following expressions :

• I usually go to school everyday• I like to watch TV• Yes, i do. I always get up early

2. Expressions Dealing with Hobbies and Interests

To ask about someone’s hobbies and interests, you can use the following expressions :

• What’s your hobby ?• Do you have any hobbies?• What do you like to do in your holiday?• Do you like... (fishing, surfing, cooking, writing, etc)?Use the expressions below to answer about hobbies and interests :• I like... (cooking, fishing, writing, etc)• I’m interested in... (cooking, fishing, writing, etc)• My hobby (hobbies) is (are)...• Yes sure (cooking, singing, writing) is what attracts me most.

3. Expressions Used in Helping a GuestThese expressions are commonly used when you talk to a guest :

• Good morning/afternoon/evening.• What can i do for you?• Is there anything I can do for you?• Can I help you?• What would you like to drink, orange juice or iced tea?• I hope you enjoy the food• Wait a minutes

And the responses are :• Thank You• Orange juice, please..• No, thanks• I would like to see the manager.

4. Yes-No QuestionYes-No question are the simplest type of question. They can simply be answered by “yes” or “no”.

a. The characteristics are :• The questions begin with to be (is, am, are, was, were)

Auxiliary (can, will, shall, may, must)• Sentence pattern yes-no question :

b. Example :• Are you a student?

no, I am not• Are the students in the classroom?

yes they are

To be Adj, noun, advAuxiliary verb + S + V1Modal V1

5. Informative QuetionsInformative quetions are used to ask about qualities, people, time, etc. They consist of who, what, where, when, why, which, and how, that are usually called WH-questions. Most WH-questions with a Question word + auxiliary + subject + verb.

WH-Questions Explanation Example

Who Who is used in quetions as the subject of the verb, usually the people

Who are you going to visit?

What What is used in questions to ask about things or activities

What are you doing?

Where Where is used to ask about places Where do you live?

When When is used to for asking about a general or specific

When did you come?

Why Why is used for asking about reasons Why are you late?

Which Which is used to ask about things, especially choices with a small number of possible answer

Which book do you like?

How How is used to ask in what way How will she get there?

6. Questions TagIit’s an emphatic statement; question tag has the opposite form of the statement. The ways are :

a. The statement’s positive, the tag’s negative

b. The statement’s negatives, the tag’s positive

c. The subject on the tag must be a pronoun

d. Auxiliary verb must be replayed again on the tag

e. If there is no auxiliary verb use do, does/did in the tag

f. Expection; if the statement, use :• I am... (the tag is) aren’t I?• I am not... (the tag is) am I?

g. If the statements use the words never, seldom, few, little tag positive

Example : There aren’t any problems, are there? That is your umbrella, isn’t it?

7. Gerund FunctionGerund is the verb + ing form which function as a noun

The function in a sentence, gerund as:

a. Subject : Ving in the beginning of the sentence

b. Object : Ving after verb

c. After preposition : on, by, with, without, for...

d. After certain verb : enjoy, stop, finish, start, deny, delay

admit, advice

e. After possessive : my, his, our, your, her, his

Example : Do you remember my asking for the ring before? Exercising is a good for our health By reading more books, we’ll get more knowledge Stop illegal logging Carmen likes sitting under the shady tree

8. Too and Enough Too indicate an excessive quantity of degree, it’s placed before

adjective. Pattern :

Example : This coffe is very hot, I can’t drink it

This coffe is too hot (for me) to drink These boxes are very heavy, I can’t carry them

These boxes are too heavy (for me) to carry Enough indicates a sufficent, It is placed after adjective sentence

pattern. Pattern :

Example : This water is warm enough for me to take a bath Denny is tall enough to play on the basketball team

S + to be + too + adjective + for ‘object’ + to infinitive

S + to be + adjective + enough + for ‘object’ to infinitive

1.1. Expression Used in TelephoningExpression Used in Telephoninga. a. in the beginning

formal : Hello, it’s ... (mention your name or the company you’re working

with). May i help you? Good morning/afternoon ... (name/the company you’re working

with). What can i do for you?

Informal : Hello, it’s ... (name), who it is? Heloo, it’s ... (name), it’s ... (name)? Heloo, it’s ... (name), is ... (name) there? Heloo, ... (name) speaking?

b. to make a call• Greetings (good morning/afternoon/evening)• May i speak to ..., please?• I’m ... (your name) from ...(your company’s name)• I’m calling about ... (your purpose).• Could you put me tough to Mr./Mrs. ...?

c. to receive a call• Greeting (good morning/afternoon/evening) + name of your

company• Can i help you?• Who’s calling, please?• May i have your name, please?• Hold on, please.• I’m sorry. The line is engaged.• I’ll put you through to Mr./Mrs. ...

d. in the end Nice talking to you. Thank you for calling. Bye. May i call you later? May i call you somthing later? Yes, sure. Bye. Sure, bye.

2. Short Fungtional TextTelephone message is a kind form of memorandum based on the phone caller.

The form of telephone :

Example :

Telephone MessageFrom : .............................To : .............................Please ring back : will call again :Message : ....................................................................................Time : ....................................................................................Taken By: ....................................................................................

Telephone MessageFrom : Mr. RobinsonTo : Miss GracePlease ring back : will call again :Message : Wants to meet to concerning productsTime : 10.30 a.mTaken By: Cahyo

3. Pronoun

Subject

Object Possessive

Adjective (+

noun)

Possessive

Pronoun

Subject Object Possessive

Adjective (+

noun)

Possessive Prono

un

i Me My Mine She Her Her HersYou You Your Yours It It Its -We Us Our Ours Talita Her Her HersThey Them Their Thiers Bojes His His HisHe His His His Tita and

RenaThem Their Theirs

4. Reported speechWhen us of reported speech, we usually taking about the past.

So the verb usually change into the past in reported speech. For example :

No

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

1 “I’ll be glad to help you,”said Marcus.

Marcus said that he would be glad to help him

2 “You’re a good honest man,”said Marcus.

Marcus said that he was a good honest man.

3 “This is my axe,”said the greedy man.

The greedy man said that it was his axe.

When we want to report what someone has said, we usually do not repert their exact words. At this matter, we use our own words. It is what we call INDIRECT SPEECH.Example : - he asked me to open the door

-my brother said that he he wanted to buy a new T-shirt.While DIRECT SPEECH is someone statement or opinion said orally by the speaker.Example : - he said,” i’m learning English”. – she said, “ i missed the last bus”.

a. Adverb of time and place b. The changing of tenses

No

Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

1 Now Then2 Last week The previous

week3 Next week The following

week4 Tomorrow The

next/following day

5 Today That day6 Ago Before7 Here There8 This That9 These Those

No

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

1 Present tense Past tense

2 Present continuous tense

Past continuous tense

3 Past tense Past perfect tense

4 Past continuous tense

Past perfect continuous tense

5 Present perfect Past perfect

6 Present perfect continuous tense

Past perfect continuous tense

7 Present future (simple/continuous)

Past future tense (simple/continuous)

8 Past future tense (simple/continuous)

Past future perfect tense (simple/continuous)

5. Adjective Clausea. We use whose in relative clause instead of possesive pronouns

- We saw some people. Their car had broken down- We saw some people whose car had broken down

b. Whom is possible instead of who (for people) when it is the object of the verb in the relative clauses- The boy whom I wanted to meet is on the way here

c. You can use where in a relative clause to talk about a place- The hotel wasn’t very clean. We stayed there- The hotel where we stayed wasn’t very clean

d. We use that when we say the day or somethinghappened- The concer that we all went to was held last Friday

e. You can say the reason why something happens or the reason that something happens.

- The reason (why/that) I’m phoning you is to invite you to a party

1. Job Descriptiona. Asking about one’s describsion

b. Telling about one’s description o I receive guest and incoming phone calls.o A public Relation officer is responsible for building good relationship.o My duties are to offer the menu and to take orders.Example :o A secretary is responsible for receiving phone calls typing letters, filling

documents, arranging meeting and other duties.o A public relation’s person has a duty to build a good relationship with other

companies and colleagues.

Formal Informal1. Could you tell me what your duties are ?2. I would like to know whether you know about your responsibility.3. Can you tell me about what you have to do.

1.What are you duties ?2. What is your responsibility ?3.What is your task ?4.What do you have to do ?

2. Education Background– Can you tell me where you graduate from ?– Where did you graduate from ?– I would like to know where you studies.– What major did you take there ?– Could you tell me about your major ?

Example :– I graduate from the school of language.– My major were tourism and English.– I majored in management.

3. Curriculum VitaeA curriculum vitae is usually written in a special from and it separated to an application letter. It tells about biographical information.Guidelines in writing curriculum vitae :a. It must attract ,yet leave us things to say at the interview and encourage

the reader to want us. Our CV maybe one of dozens received, so it must out the others.

b. Some points used in writing CV :• Name • Date of birth• Nationality• Present address• Qualifications• Present job (in some detail : about a paragraph )• Publications (if any )• Previous job (with dates, but few details the letter are important)• Language spoken (say whether spoken fluently)• Leisure activities (not too much detail)• Miscellaneous (special or unusual elements you want to add)• Pilot’s license : chairman of a club, membership of a professional group, etc.• Referees (name and address of two people can give confidential details about

our character and ability)

Click for Example

CURICULUM VITAE

1. Name : Mariana sri utami2. Date of birth : 1 march 19923. Nationality : Indonesia4. Present address : Jl. Pajajaran Utara 4/25. Qualifications : -6. Present job : -7. Publications : -8. Previous job : -9. Language spoken : English (fluent on both in written and oral)10. Leisure activities : Reading novels, cycling, and browsing the

internet11. Miscellaneous : 1. Leader of OSIS in SMK N 1 Trucuk (2003- 2004)

2. Leader of the chronicle English Conversation Club (2002-2004 and 2006-now )

3. Free instructor of Rafting (2002-2004)12. Referees : Yussy Krisna Melinda

Kusir lama street no.571 SKH Tantowi Handoko Malang Kuning Street no.11B,Block D Surabaya

4. Fact and figures ExpressionFact means the reality data : it’s usually concerned with quality or numbering of thing. Figures means a graph showing something based on the data. Some verb usually used in explaining fact and figures : mean, reflect, show, indicate show, describe, explain, etc.

Study the expressions of fact and figures below! • 100% : all• 50%-90% : most• 25%-45% : some• 1%-24% : a few/little• 0% : none

Example :• All of book (count, noun)• Most of the books• Some of the books• A few of the books

5. Simple Present TenseIt is to indicate that an action is happened at the moment of speaking. The adverb of time used :

a. Today c. On... .b. At Present d. Adverb of frequencyPresent Tense is sentence pattern that show a condition or statement about :

• Habitual action, repetition or continuously action• General Truth

• Telling about schedule, program, activity, or something that is planned

(+) S (I, You, We, They) + V1

S (He, She, It) + V1es/s

(-) S (I, You, We, They) + do not + V1

S (He, She, It) + does not + V1

(?) Do + S (I, You, We, They) + V1?

Does + S (He, She, It) + V1

Click For Example

Example :

• We Usually study English on Tuesday and Friday

• She usually studies English on Monday and Saturday

• We don’t study English on Tuesday and Friday

• She does not study English on Monday and Saturday

• Do we study English on Tuesday and Friday?

1.Telling About Past ActivityTo show the past events and past activity, we usually use simple past tense.

Example: - I did my homework last night. - He made an appointment for an interview. - What did you think of his work?

2. Expression Dealing With Future Plans Below are some expression for asking and talking about someone`s plan:

• What will you do tomorrow ?• what is your plan for the next holiday?• What about to night / tomorrow / next week?• What are you doing tomorrow?• What are you going to do today?

Talking about someone`s plan:• I will go shopping.• I`m going to go to Surabaya.• I`m planning to visit my brother in the hospital.• I will be playing football with my friends.

3. Personal Letter

a. The writer’s adress : usually written d. The body of letter

on the top right-hand corner. e. Ending

b. The date To family numbers and close friend

c. Salutation you can use : “love”, “love from” etc

It can use “dear” which is usually f. Initial or signature

followed by a name

1 __________________2 __________________

_______________ 3_____________________________________________________________________ 4 _____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________ 5____________________ 6

4. Past Simple Vs Past Continuous Past Simple (S + V2) Vs Past Continuous (S + Was/were + Ving) are found in there basic combinations:

• When The telephone rang, he answered it.(One action after another)• When the telephone rang, he was having a bath. (Continuous action

before, and possibly after, the single action )• While he was having a bath, his wife was cooking the dinner. (Two

actions going on at the same time in the past)

• He used to be a pop singer, but now he just lies on the beach in Bali.• Mohhamad Hatta Was born in Bukit Tinggi-West Sumatra, and died

in Jakarta, but spent much of his life in Holland.

Note: We do not use the past continuous Tense for habitual actions in the past. We use used to, in contrast to the present, or the past single for historical

events without contrast, irrespective of the length of time.

5. Past Perfect Vs Past Perfect Continuous The Past perfect Tense (S + had +V3) is used to refer to the

main action the main action is in the past simple. The Past Perfect Tenses donetes a completed action before another action occured in the past.

The Past perfect continuous (S + had +been +Ving) is used to refer to time previous to main event bet still an going as the main event occurred. Commonly the past perfect Continuous Tense is used to denote a durative action.

• He didn`t realize how much the cost of living had gone up while he had been living abroad.

• By the time I got to the station, the train had left.• I had been working so Hard in the garden all morning that I was

quite hungry by the time lunch was ready.

6. Telling About The Future

The Use Of “Will”The Use of “Be Going

To”

The use of “The Present Continuous Tense”

The use of Future Tense

The use of Simple Present Tense.

a. The Use Of “Will”1. A decision of doing something made at the time of speaking.

Example: The Phone is ringing. I will get it.

2. Predictions or personal opinions about the future.

Example: I think our Football will win the match.

3. Statement of Future facts.

Example: The Job Will be finishing by the weekend.

4. To Show willingness.

Example: I`II help you.

5. Promote to do something.

Example: Thank you for lending me the money. I`II pay you back on Friday

b. The Use of “Be Going To”

1. Planned future actions or events.

Example: They are going to open the new office on april

2. Future events in a neutral way.

Example: Mr. Janaka is going to be the new director.

3. Future event evident from something in the present.

Example: I`m tired of taking the bus to work. I`m going to

buy a car next month.

c. The use of “The Present Continuous Tense”

We use “The Present Continuous Tense” to express planned

actions or events or it used starting an action that is intentional for

the near future or the limited time.

Example: -I`m not working next week.

-I am seeing Tom tomorrow.

d. Future Tense with “Will/shall + be + Verb –ing

It is used or starting an action that is not intentional for the near

Future or distant future Time Signals:

• While

• When

• At the time tomorrow

• At the something next time

Example : I Will be seeing Tom tomorrow.

e. Simple Present Tense.

It used for starting the action/event that has been

scheduled. Example:

• The train arrive at o`clock.

• They have a test on Monday.