Ring Side-to-Groove Fixturefor Determining Sensitivity to

Microwelding

Piston material

Counterbore holds ring at bore diameter

Stationary groove

Piston ring with surface treatment

Simulated vertical & rotating motion between ring side surface and piston groove surface

Frequency of load applied can be varied

Temperature of groove and ring material can be varied

Fig. 11a Fig. 11b

Fig. 11c

CKE PROPIETARY INFORMATIONPRIVELEDGED AND CONFIDENTAL

Limited OverviewSection I

CKE PROPIETARY INFORMATIONPRIVELEDGED AND CONFIDENTAL

LS-10 RING SIDE MICROWELD AND WEAR

FIXTURE

Piston deflects as ring movesUp and down

AdjustableStroke of ringHolder assembly

LoadLoad

Simulates the effect of the ring in the grooveduring engine operation.

Mechanical drive system induces rotational valueto the piston ring as well as vertical components to simulate loading/unloading of the ring

Fig. 1

Varying temperatureOf piston

Detailed OverviewSection II

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• Block fixture contains heaters to raise the relevant parts of the test to the required operational temperature of the piston ring groove. (Fig. 2)

• Dead weights attached to the base plate permits contact at ring/groove to be adjusted

Other Features:• Top ring land of the piston is

removed to allow functional access to the piston ring during the tests.

• The piston is securely held in the block to prevent any vertical movement within the block

• The piston is self-aligning to prevent edge loading of the ring. (Fig. 3)

LS-10 RING SIDE MICROWELD AND WEAR

FIXTURE

Abililty to modify ring to groove force

Ability to modify piston groovetemperature

Detailed OverviewSection II

CKE PROPIETARY INFORMATIONPRIVELEDGED AND CONFIDENTAL

• Ring is held in a ring holder that is loaded into the cavity of the wear fixture, (Fig. 4)

• Configuration when both relative ring rotary motionand vertical piston motion are being evaluated, (Fig. 5 a-b)

Fig. 5a Fig. 5b

Mechanism for oscillating piston groove surface with respect to groove side surface

LS-10 RING SIDE MICROWELD AND WEAR

FIXTURE

Overview of Operation

Detailed OverviewSection II

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Mic

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Baseline rings

Average Microweld DepositsMicroscope / Visual

Microscope

Visual

High/Low

Run Settings:Load = 5#Temp = 500 FSpeed = 60 RPMDwell = 1.5 sec.Travel =.375 in.Test time – 1 min.Cycle Freq. – 20 CPM

Fig. 12Microweld test on Twelve (12) rings / pistons

Microweld Testing Results

LS-10 RING SIDE MICROWELD AND WEAR

FIXTURE

Test results utilizing twelve (12) different base ring materials,ring side treatments and pistongroove surface treatments

Section II

CKE PROPIETARY INFORMATIONPRIVELEDGED AND CONFIDENTAL

Ring Side Wear Measuring Device / Procedure

• Radial profile measurements of bottom side of ring are taken at 12 locations around ring using device shown in Fig. 1 before and after every test

• Acquired data is automatically recorded on spreadsheet for the 12 locations

• Note: In development of proceduresKeystone Width/Angle gage was used to validate wear depths at specific locations to ensure that both readings were in good correlation

Fig. 1Ring Profiles Measuring Device

LS-10 RING SIDE WEAROptional System

Section III

CKE PROPIETARY INFORMATIONPRIVELEDGED AND CONFIDENTAL

Fig. 2Ring Profiles in CAD Software for Lofting

• Data loaded into ring profiles using CADsoftware for each before and after location measurement

• Wear depth is then calculated from the difference between the before test ring model and the after test ring model

• Repeatable side wear rates are achieved when utilizing the above procedure

LS-10 RING SIDE WEAROptional System

Section III

CKE PROPIETARY INFORMATIONPRIVELEDGED AND CONFIDENTAL

• Initial runs were conducted on the wear fixture tocheck for repeatability and to establish standardtest parameters

• Initial runs were conducted with clean ShellRotella T oil

• Parameters used for all tests were obtained from these initial runs

• Tests were conducted with clean Shell oil and various side treatments and oils

Fig. ATest Repeatability

(Cast Iron Ring – Specific Lubricant/Test Conditions)

LS-10 RING SIDE WEAROptional System

Section III

CKE PROPIETARY INFORMATIONPRIVELEDGED AND CONFIDENTAL

Fig. BTest Repeatability

(Steel Ring with Side Treatment –Specific Lubricant/Test Conditions)

Fig. CRing Side wear/finish utilizing various

combinations of ring side treatments and oilsAverage Sz and SK

LS-10 RING SIDE WEAROptional System

Section III