Ring-Necked PheasantBison

BowfinSpotted SalamanderShag Bark Hickory

Wild LicoriceBy Bryce Woitas

Biodiversity in Minnesota

Male- adults are medium sized chicken like birdsLong pointed tailsWings longFace is red and bareHead has iridescent green on itKnown for a white ring around neckChest is maroon.Spurs halfway up legBody is brown, with some orange

FemaleMottled brown Small black spots on her backLong, pointed tail with black stripes or

“barring”

Reproduces – lays eggs, nests on the ground

Food—omnivore, scratches on ground digs with bill for seeds, grains, grasses, leaves, roots, wild fruit, nuts and insects

Predators—coyotes, foxes, hawks, owls, crows, stripped skunk, racoons

Habitat—grassland, agland, ditches, hedges, marshes, and woodland borders

Ring-Necked Pheasant cont.Population--increased 68 percent from

2011expected to harvest about 290,000

roosters this fall.Diseases--Botulism, Coccidiosis owl

typhoid, erysipelas, fowl cholera, avian tuberculosis, navel ill, crooked toe(young birds), Newcastle disease, eye infections and worms.

Ring-Necked Pheasant cont.Fun Facts—”harem-defense polygyny” one

male watches over a small group of females34 species or “races” of pheasantsKnown to stay on roost several days during

bad weather without eatingHunted or Harvested

Both- raised by game farms for sale for hunting or eating

Hunted by a person using a trained dog

BisonDescription

Male— length from 3.6 m to 3.8 mheight at the shoulder ranging from 1.67 m to 1.86

m.Shoulder hump and huge headFur color is brown, which can vary in shades Easier to see in the males is the longer hair in the

front of the body.Fur color is shades of brownBlack horns which curve up and in with sharp tipsHooves are black and round and splitT

BisonFemale Description

length 2.13 m to 3.18 m Tall at the shoulders 1.52 m to 1.57 m Huge head and shoulder humpSame type of coat, hooves and horns as maleFemale is smaller than the male

BisonHabitat– grasslands, open savannas of

North America. Found in some boreal habitats to semi-desert habitats. Mostly raised in MN. In the past they free ranged across southern MN.

Diseases-- Pink Eye, Malignant Catarrhal Fever r Johne’s Disease Capture Myopathy Calf Scours, Brucellosis, Bison Bovine, Viral Diarrhea, Bacillary Hemoglobinuria Anaplasmosis

BisonFood—graze year around, grass eaters may eat

sagebrush is grass is gone, need water every day

Population— only evidence of large herds are now found in MN from bones, rocks rubbed smooth and “wallows” from thousands of buffalo passing thru, currently herd s are captive in parks or privately owned

Reproduction–polygynous, dominant bulls tend group of females, Gestation is 285 days, live birth, baby drinks milk from mother

Hunted or Harvested—presently raised for meat or breeding programs

BisonFun Facts– Bison can be found at Blue

Mounds State Park and have a herd around 100 animalsOnce were a major source of meat and hides

for the United StatesAre considered a “keystone” factor in Prairie

communities

Predators—wolves, mountain lions and humans

BowfinDescriptionMale- and Female - medium-sized, greenish,

tubular, olive-green fish scale less head ,two barbels on its face dorsal fin stretches most of the length of its

backMn record size is 10 lbs 15 oz., can grow to 20,

and 3 feet longMales have a black spot circled in green at

base of their tail.

BowfinReproduction—male builds a nest of vegitation

piecesFemale lays eggs, male expresses milt, male guards

eggs, babies hatch then cling to bottom with their noses, male stays with babies for a few weeks

Food--fish, crayfish, insects, amphibians, and crustaceans

Predators—other predatory fish, and bowfish will eat other bowfish babies

Habitat--

Bowfin

Habitat– found in MN lakes and streamsLike slow-moving , clear water can live in swampy, weedy areas

Population—”Abundant” in MN

Diseases—

BowfinFun Facts—

Has the ability to breath air.Considered an “excellent fighter,” pulls

hard when trying to reel them in.

“A farmer once found a live bowfin in moist soil when he ploughed a field that had been flooded a few weeks before. In recent years, fish farmers have shown interest in making bowfin eggs into caviar.” http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/fish/bowfin.html

BowfinHunted or Harvested—not considered a

good food fish, fished for the sport, mostly caught in spring and early summer

Season/Regulations--Bowfishing May 1 to the last Sunday in February

Spotted SalamanderDescriptions-

Male and Female—They can be 6 to 7 3/4 inches long Males have longer thicker tails, tail fins noticeable Barely noticeable on the femalesMales are brightly colored during breeding seasonColor is black, bluish black, or gray ground color Yellow or orange spots on back and from head to tailBelly and sides are dark grey

Spotted SalamanderReproduction—Adults migrate to ponds in springMales nudge and rub femalesmale drops a spermatophoren, females walk

over them and pick them up with their cloacal lips

Female can lay up to 200 eggs in a clump, can be on top or under water

Clump is covered with a jelly-like coating to protect the eggs from predators

Eggs hatch in a few weeksThey hatch as larvae , grow 2 to 4 months

Spotted SalamanderFood—they eat:earthworms insects anything they can catch and swallow

Predators—foxes, fish, crows, snakes and bears

Spotted SalamanderHabitat— woodlands need ponds for breedingSpends time in other animal s burrows, comes out during heavy rains

Population—April 26, 2001 seven Spotted Salamander egg masses found in Nemadji State Forest

Diseases--gas bubble disease ,metabolic bone disease

Spotted SalamanderFun Facts— the oils from human hands are

toxic to salamandersEach salamander has a unique spot patternSalamander means “Fire Lover”Hunted or harvested- seasons &

regulations- originally giant salamanders were huntedPresent day salamanders may be purchased

in a pet store.

Shag Bark HickoryDescription—Also known as Carya ovata,

has loose-plated bark

Shagbark HickoryBark, leaves, fruit and seeds- has fruit or nuts that are 1 to 3 togetherindividual fruits are 3 to 6 cm in size ripens September thru October disperses its seeds thru December

Shagbark HickorySeed disbursement—monoecious and

flowers in the spring

Diseases—vulnerable to fireButt rot, Canker rot, trunk rot, anthracnose,

mildew, bunch disease, Crown gall, up to180 species of insects and mites can

infest affected by at least 133 known fungi

Shagbark HickoryEconomics- food for wildlife, coppice fuel wood,

charcoal-producing wood, hickory lumber used in furniture, flooring, and tool handles

Fun Facts– hickory is used for ladder rungs, dowelsMammals such as : chipmunks, black bears, foxes,

rabbits, and white-footed mice eat hickory nuts.Birds such as : mallards, wood ducks, bobwhites

and wild turkeys eat hickory nuts

Wild LicoriceDescription— Up to 3 feet tall Pale yellow flowers in thick clusters Leaves are compound with 11 to 19 leaflets Blooms June thru August Fruit is ¾ of an inch long and is covered in hooked prickles Turns brown by the end of summer Needs sun, moist fields, prairies

Wild LicoricePale yellow flowers in thick clusters

Leaves are compound with 11 to 19 leafletsBlooms June thru August

Wild LicoriceSeed disbursementFruit is ¾ of an inch long and is covered in

hooked pricklesTurns brown by the end of summer

Wild Licorice

Uses-- Used for medicinal purposes such as, cough, tuberculosis,

cough, some problems of tuberculosis, chest complaints like bronchitis, constipation, relieve inflammation in mucus membranes

Fun Facts— American Indians grew it for its roots which tasted like sweet

licorice. Many Chinese herbal formulas contain Wild licorice

Bibliography Ring-Necked Pheasant http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Ring-necked_Pheasant/id http://news.dnr.state.mn.us/2012/09/04/minnesotas-pheasant-index-up-68-percent-from-2011/

http://www.minnesotapf.org/page/1000/MN-Predators.jsp http://www.avianweb.com/pheasantdiseases.html Bison http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Bison_bison/ http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=mn+bison&view=detail&id=A1397859AFC556EC7E62

EABEB74AF26B3157A810 http://www.bisoncentre.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&id=42&Itemid=

43 Bowfin http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/fish/bowfin.html http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=female+image+of+bowfin+fish&view=detail&id=6B61

E2DFB2DAC60663C94A3DA4C4FE8999236935&qpvt=female+image+of+bowfin+fish http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/fishing/seasons.html# Spotted Salamander http://www.herpnet.net/Minnesota-Herpetology/salamanders/SpottedSalamander.html http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/reptiles_amphibians/salamanders/spotted.html http://www.buzzle.com/articles/spotted-salamander-facts.html http://www.shadescreek.org/Salamander%20Facts.html

Bibliography

http://www.na.fs.fed.us/pubs/silvics_manual/volume_2/carya/ovata.htm

http://www.google.com/search?num=10&hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=952&bih=503&q=shagbark+hickory&oq=shagbar&gs_l=img.3.0.0l5j0i24l5.1609.3922.0.5516.7.7.0.0.0.0.312.1030.0j3j1j1.5.0...0.0...1ac.1.h3SLEVriaLM

Spotted Salamanderhttp://www.herpnet.net/Minnesota-Herpetology/salamanders/SpottedSalamander.htmlhttp://www.dnr.state.mn.us/reptiles_amphibians/salamanders/spotted.htmlhttp://www.buzzle.com/articles/spotted-salamander-facts.htmlhttp://www.shadescreek.org/Salamander%20Facts.html

Shagbark Hickory

BibliographyWild Licorice http://www.google.com/search?

hl=en&safe=active&biw=952&bih=503&site=imghp&tbm=isch&sa=1&q=Minnesota+Wild+Licorice&oq=Minnesota+Wild+Licorice&gs_l=img.3...9532.14422.0.16969.13.5.0.0.0.0.407.1251.0j1j3j0j1.5.0...0.0...1c.1.f2H4kwE2Cyc

http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/wildflowers/wildlicorice.html

http://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/wild-licorice

http://www.holoweb.com/cannon/wildd.htm http://www.cloverleaffarmherbs.com/licorice/

#sthash.Z4qHRVWP.dpbs