Rihanza Fadlitya Design Portfolio

RIHANZA FADLITYA DESIGN PORTFOLIO

RRR

FOREWORD

Architecture is a very complex profession. For the whole 4 years struggling in Architecture School, most of the things aren’t quite well happened. Deadline, critiques, perfectionist professors, all nighters and such. I sacrifice most of my time doing work, revise, change, reconceptualizing and do it over and over again. Happens everytime when the outcome of the work is just doesn’t reflect the high amount of effort. And to be honest, I’m not a student that get an A most of the times. But in contrast, I’m proud and happy with that.

After spending most of my times in studio, in front of computer, do the same thing quite repetitively. I realized that the 2 most important aspects when doing Architecture are the PROCESS and COMMUNICATING THE DESIGN. Process, is a must and crucial stage in designing. The design process incorporating site analysis, diagramming, retrofitting, etc is what makes the design as it is right now. I believe a good design is not a design that it feels right at the first time, but should be constantly changing overtime, adapting the problems and needs. Second, is Communicating the Design. A good design is useless when it’s not communicated clearly to the audiences or clients. I believe, every Architect has an unique way to communicate and of course we should leave it to their own decision, but importantly it should considers the media of presentation itself.

Furthermore, in this opportunity. I would like to present my own design portfolio that is based on my few previous architectural work from Architectural Design Course. This portfolio, also emphasizes on the design process and communicating it through images, diagrams, plans and other techniques. In terms of graphics, it may not be the best compared to others but I’m focusing much on the clarity and consistency. It is to make sure that audience get the message provided by the design and also to make sure that the audience is looking at the same designer within this portfolio. At last, this portfolio is my reflection of my own gratitude for was being an Architecture Student. I’m grateful to be designer who enjoys and appreciate process and more than love to share it to the world.

In conclusion, hopefully this portfolio suits well and please the audience who read it through.

Best regardsMuhammad RIhanza Fadlitya RRR

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 6: Coorparoo Townhouse

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 8: Queen Street Public Centre

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 7: Pop Up Shop - The Decks Cafe & Bar

ARCHITECTURAL PROJECTS

Future Shape (Of) Architecture

Future Shape Magazine

GRAPHIC AND OTHER PROJECTS

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AAAARCHITECTURAL PROJECTS

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 7THE DECKS CAFE & BAR

TYPE: SMALL ARCHITECTURAL INSTALLATION - POP-UP SHOP.

YEAR: 2013.

SITE: SOUTHBANK, BRISBANE.

PURPOSE: CAFE, BAR, ENTERTAINMENT.

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 7THE DECKS CAFE & BAR

The Decks Cafe & Bar is an all-in-one and compact package of entertainment and leisure with the concept of POP-UP SHOP. Situated in the heart of Brisbane Entertainment Precinct and close to one of the Brisbane’s finest heritage, Queensland Maritime Museum. The Decks Cafe & Bar offers alternative way to enjoy Brisbane River scenery, with easy access to historical building and another attractions around Southbank area.

EAT, DRINK, HAVE FUNThe slogan of The Decks Cafe & Bar is EAT, DRINK, HAVE FUN. We believe that fundamental thing is the most people will need, and we recreate the fundamentals with our style. The concept of POP-UP-SHOP makes The Decks Cafe & Bar is effective in spatial requirements and provide easiness for relocation. It is considerably small, but The Decks Cafe & Bar contains a whole lots of opportunities. Such as Bar, Dining and Musical Performance Space. We also familiarize ourself with the night life of Brisbane City. The upper level of The Decks Cafe & Bar is equipped with DJ Booth and VIP Party Space, creating an outdoor and whole different experience for Friday Night Party.

THE FUNKY HERITAGE

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 7 - THE DECKS CAFE & BAR 1

FLOOR PLAN - CENTRALThe Floor Plan consists of essential space for service, employee access and purchase counter. All of the necessary serving spaces are located in the centre of the whole area, as we want to expose the process of making the beverages. Thus, the people circulation will be determined by their (customers / visitors) own perception. Wherever they feel that will suits them best.

The Pop-Up feature (a.k.a folded down timber wall) serve as platform as well. To save space and material, we tend to make the most of the function of the timber wall as the platform (when open) and the enclosure / skin (when closed).


POP-UP SCHEME

Following diagram shows how the timber wall folded in and out depending on the use intended.


ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 6COORPAROO TOWNHOUSE

TYPE: MEDIUM - HIGH RESIDENTIAL - TOWNHOUSE.

YEAR: 2012.

SITE: COORPAROO, BRISBANE.

PURPOSE: DWELLING PRECINCT FOR FAMILIES AND INDIVIDUALS.

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 6COORPAROO TOWNHOUSE

Mobility Map

Zoning Map

Old Cleveland Rd

Cavendish Rd

Local Street

Commercial

Mid-Rise Residential

Low-Rise Residential

Park/Open Space

Queensland Rail

The site location is in Coorparoo, Queensland Australia. Situated around 4km from Brisbane City and categorized as one of the inner suburbs.

As one of the inner suburbs, the location considered accessible and quite strategic. It is close to public transport corridor both for Bus & Rail. The center area consists of Cavendish Rd intersected with Old Cleveland Rd which directly route to Motorway.

The recent condition consists of Residential (Mid & Low) & Commercial Area. Based on the site analysis, Coorparoo area has everything needed by the Residents but needs to be controlled as it will be predicted to be so crowded in the next 20 - 50 years.

THE COORPAROO

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 6 - COORPAROO TOWNHOUSE 4

Green Space/Community Park

Cavendish Pedestrian

Central Bus Stop

Authorized Vehicle Entry

LEGEND

Residential

Commercial

THE NEW COORPAROO PLANThe key of the Coorparoo Precinct Plan is NEW PEDESTRIANISM, which emphasizing on Pedestr ian and Outdoor Activity and put aside any Motor Vehicle usage. The plan is to create a green and less-pollution environment also encouraging locals to create new identity of Coorparoo as sustainable-traditional precinct.

The way to achieve that is to redesign it quite drastically. The main focus is converting the main street into giant pedestrian walkway, and relocate the main street to the other side of the area. The only nearest public transport access is Bus. For residents, car is permitted with proper identification.

The integration between the pedestrian walkway and the open space will create opportunities for outdoor activities, and also help to reduce pollution.


MASSING DEVELOPMENT

Advantages: Simple layoutDisadvantages: Blocking the sun and airflow for some of the units.

BLOCK LAYOUT WITH SAME BUILDING HEIGHT

A d v a n t a g e s : S i m p l e l a y o u t , opportunities for more sun, airflow and green space inside the area.Disadvantages: The sun and airflow still not enough.

BLOCK LAYOUT WITH COURTYARD

A d v a n t a g e s : S i m p l e l a y o u t , opportunities for more sun, airflow and green space inside the area and diversity of dwelling types.Disadvantages: Very little amount of sunlight will still be blocked to certain levels and less residents possibilities.

BLOCK LAYOUT WITH COURTYARD AND DIFFERENT TYPES OF DWELLING

Block Layout with Courtyard and Different Types of Dwelling suits best as it provides sun and airflow for most of the dwelling units. Also, the courtyard wil l give a bit sense of natural environment and outdoor activities for occupants.

CONCLUSION


FAMILY BUILDING

STUDIO BUILDING

1 Unit

1 Unit

Living Area

Leisure Area

Living Area

Shared Area

DWELLING TYPES

Studio building will be targeted for Students outside Coorparoo and/or Young Professionals. So, the type of dwelling will be studio rooms suitable for activities such Studying/Working, Sleeping, Bathroom/Private Activities and etc. The lower level of the building will be shared space such as Foyer, Collaborative Study Space and Laundry Room.

The Family Building will consists of 4 stories maximum and 2 stories minimum. The concept is to have double height for each unit. Family Unit will consists of 4 people (Husband, Wife & 2 Children) so 2 stories / unit will help them to organize things better.

More detailed into the activities. The concept is to divide purpose for each activities which are Living & Leisure. Living includes Resting, Working, and Private Activities, and Leisure including Dining, Entertainment and Family Gathering. Living area will be located in the upper floor of the unit and Leisure Area will be on the first floor of the unit.


Site Plan

0 6 12 24 30

Kids Playground

Family Unit Building

Center Courtyard

Studio Unit Building

Pathway/Decking

SITE PLANNING AND LANDSCAPING

Taken further from the Concept Diagram. The placement of each building will be parallel 4x4 grid, but still giving space between the buildings for sunlight and airflow for coming in. All of the buildings facing Northwest to expose them into the Morning Sunlight. Within the different levels of the building, each building will get reasonable amount of sun.

In terms of Site Planning, I apply some of the Landscaping techniques. Especially to create a pleasant journey between buildings and for passer by. For the pathway I use timber decking to give more natural feeling, combined with the usage of Trees which act as a shading. In the center part of the Site, there is a Community Courtyard consists of several seating area under the trees, and ponds to give natural cooling.

Northeast Site Elevation

0 6 12 24 30


FAMILY UNITUNIT & DWELLING

The Family building consists of 2 units, which each unit will consists of 2 levels with double bedroom. The first level will purposed to give leisure and intimacy between family members. The second level will purposed for rest and more private activities.

15 x 0.200 = 3.000 m

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12m

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7 First level consists of entry foyer separated by wall then goes into the center of the space which integrated between Kitchen + Dining Space and Living Room. The Dining Area located close to the backyard to provide more fresh air while cooking and eating.

Second level consists of 2 Bedrooms and 1 Master Bathroom. The Bedrooms have their own balcony to provide natural ventilation. Two balconies in opposite side means the building has possibilities to having cross ventilation system.

15 x 0.200 = 3.000 m

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30 x 0.207 = 6.200 m

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Living RoomKitchen + Dining AreaBedroom 1Bedroom 2

Ground Floor Plan1:100

First Floor Plan1:100

No Room Name

1 Entry Foyer

2 Living Room

3 Kitchen + Dining Area

4 Ground Floor Bathroom

5 Bedroom 1

6 Bedroom 2

7 First Floor Master Bathroom

The other unit located in 3rd & 4th level and consists of the same layout and interior. To enter the unit, the Residents will use the external stair.

Type: 2 l eve l s doub le bedroom.Number of units: 2 each building.

Backyard


Strategies to minimizing energy consumption can be started from minimizing the usage of Lighting and Air Conditioning. One of the w a y i s t o p r o v i d e C r o s s Ventilation. In the building, Cross Ventilation applied in second level, while in first floor is just single venti lation. Cross venti lation achieved through balconies, which can facilitate natural lighting as well.

The exterior material is the c o m b i n a t i o n b e t w e e n Plasterboard/Paint Wall, Glass and Timber. What I want to achieve is the simple usage of material, low cost and easy maintenance. Same applies in the interior space which consists of Plasterboard Wall and Timber Flooring as well.

AIRFLOW & SUNLIGHT

MATERIALITY

Northwest Section1:100

Northeast Section1:100


Studio UNITUNIT & DWELLING

The studio unit aimed for Student or Professional Young who seeks a good experience of living in suburb. The studio buildings consists of 4 levels. The first level is the entry foyer, shared laundry space and stair corridor. Second to fourth level consists of studio units which only have 2 units each floor so total will be 6 studio units each building. Each unit floors has other shared open foyer before entering the unit door.

16 x 0.188 = 3.000 m

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WW

WW

WW

WW

S-1

0

S-11 S-11

10.2m

6.3m

1 2 3The unit is designed to fulfill the exact needs for Students or Professional Young, which just consists of Kitchenette + Living Area integrated with the Bed + Desk separated by Timber partition. Bathroom has it’s own space for privacy. For other space that needs more communal, the Studio Residents facilitated with Courtyard in Ground Floor of the Site. If they are provided with communal space inside the unit, it will be high costly and will eventually eliminate the meaning of low-cost dwelling.

Kitchen + Dining AreaKitchen + Dining AreaBed + Looking out Kitchen AreaBed + Desk facing Balcony

Ground Floor Plan1:100

First Floor Plan1:100

No Room Name

1 Stair Corridor

2 Shared Laundry Space

3 Entry Foyer

4 Shared Foyer

5 Studio Unit 1 (Bed + Kitchen)

6 Studio Unit 2 (Bed + Kitchen)

7 Studio Unit 1 Master Bathroom

8 Studio Unit 2 Master Bathroom

Type: Studio unit.Number of units: 6 each building.

16 x 0.188 = 3.000 m

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Even though the building is not equipped with Cross Ventilation, but it is provided with open shared foyer and the balcony (inside the unit next to Bed area). So, whether the Residents are in the foyer or inside the unit, they will still get the reasonable and good amount of sunlight and airflow.

The materials used are quite the same within each type of building unit. White Plasterboard painted Wall, some Glass Facade for Balcony and Timber Flooring. The difference is just the shared foyer from 2nd to 4th level which equipped with shading partition devices.

AIRFLOW & SUNLIGHT

MATERIALITY

Northwest Section1:100

Northeast Section1:100


ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 8QUEEN STREET PUBLIC CENTRE

TYPE: MIXED USED + PUBLIC AREA - PUBLIC CENTRE.

YEAR: 2013.

SITE: QUEEN STREET MALL, BRISBANE CBD.

PURPOSE: PUBLIC CENTRE FOR SOCIAL INTERACTION, EDUCATION, LEISURE AND ENTERTAINMENT.

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 8QUEEN STREET PUBLIC CENTRE

QUEEN STREET MALL

QUEEN STREET MALL is very well known with it’s name and function as mixture between shopping mall and public square. The Queen Street Mall is located in the quite centre of Brisbane CBD. Therefore it has easy access and accessible by various modes of transportation.

The existing function as mixed use inspires us to reinterpret the design with our style and to tackle the future social issues, in which become the main focus.

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 8 - QUEEN STREET PUBLIC CENTRE 13

ABSTRACT LAYERS

The Layers are the representation of design objectives and what will the intended space to be. Also, the Layers are in order based on the coverage and scale of the function intended.

B o u n d a r y d e p i c t i n g relationship between the city and the site.

B o u n d a r y w h e n technology is forbidden.

Boundary when social interaction is compulsory a n d n e e d s t o b e performed.

Smaller space(s) facilitating the activities for social role-play.

Smallest space(s) providing social education.

THE CITY LAYER THE TECHNOLOGY LAYER THE SOCIAL LAYER

THE ROLE-PLAY LAYER THE EDUCATION LAYER


PEOPLE FLOW-INSPIRED SPATIAL DIAGRAM

BURNETT LANE

QUEEN ST.

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 8 - QUEEN STREET PUBLIC CENTRE

The diagram shows the people flow prediction that inspires the design massing. Mainly it follows through the QUEEN STREET and cutting through into the BURNETT LANE, which is not usable at the moment. The people flow cut through reflects the building form on the next design stage.

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BURNETT LANE ACTIVATION + QUEEN STREET CONNECTIVITY

MASSING + FUNCTIONS DIAGRAM

ENTERTAINMENTRETAILART & EDUCATIONPUBLIC LANDSCAPE

PUBLIC AREA WITHIN THE BUILDING

BETWEEN LEVELS CIRCULATION

GENERAL BUILDING CIRCULATION


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1. ENTRY PLAZA2 - 11. BURNETT LANE SHOPPING WALKWAY12 - 19. ADELAIDE ST. SHOP FRONTAGE

GROUND FLOOR PLAN1:500

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GROUND FLOOR - THE HAPPINESSThe Ground Floor consists of Entry Plaza (access from new train platform), Shopping Walkway and Public Landscaping. The specific objective on the Ground Floor is to create feel of happiness by providing public area that is suitable for every demographic.


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1. QSPC ART GALLERY2. QSPC EDUCATION CENTRE3. POP-UP RETAIL SPACE4. ROOF GARDEN 1

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VOID

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FIRST FLOOR PLAN1:500

FIRST FLOOR - THE STIMULATIONThe First Floor consists of series of spaces that are stand alone but connected through the circulation. The objective of this floor is to stimulate the social sense through learning and art-related activities in Art Gallery and Education Centre. Furthermore, the Retail Space also provided to stimulate the traditional social interaction between visitors.


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1. QSPC CINEMA & THEATRE2. QSPC FAMILY CINEMA3. RECEPTIONIST AND WAITING LOUNGE4. QSPC SOCIAL & DINING5. ROOF GARDEN 26. BALCONY LOUNGE

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SECOND FLOOR PLAN1:500

SECOND FLOOR - THE RELAXATIONThe Second Floor consists of Entertainment and Leisure purpose, such as Cinema / Theatre, Dining and Lounge / Bar. The objective is to reward the visitors by indulging them into interesting movies, performances and fascinating dine experience while still maintaining the social spirit.


GGGGRAPHICAL AND OTHER PROJECTS

FUTURE SHAPE MAGAZINE

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FUTURE SHAPEMAGAZINELebanon missouri edition

THE ULTIMATE SURVIVAL TIPS IN LEBANON MISSOURI

T h e f a m o u s c o m m e r c i a l s t r e e t - s j e f f e r s o n avenue

DESIRE: DRIVING OR WALKING?

FUTURE SHAPE MAGAZINE

Future Shape Magazine is based on a purpose to study, understand and reflect one particular city around the world. It focuses on how certain planning can shape the city as it is today. In Future Shape Magazine, the analysis will be delivered in fun and interesting way, consisting of mixture between graphics and texts. By the end of the day, Future Shape Magazine is a magazine for everyone who interested in town planning, traveling, history and architecture.

The following image is the first edition of Future Shape Magazine which discussing a small town called Lebanon in Missouri, United States. The research reveals the relationship between the carparks (which are dominant) and the heritage Route 66 (which pass by the City).

Please click here for full magazine:http://issuu.com/futureshapeofarchitecture/docs/magazine

CITY & DESIRE

WALKING OR DRIVING?

Probably it is a common issue that mobility is an important role of the city. Mobility is a vein for the City as it activates the city.Mobility can be achieved through Walking, Driving, Public Transportations and etc, but the site itself should accommodate the runs of transportation such as Street, Main Road, Interstate, and for bigger context is a City Layout itself. In this case, refer to the City Layout of Lebanon. The Layout of the City consists of grids, which is artificial layout for the City. (refer to city grid)

The ‘fun fact’ of Lebanon is they don’t have a public transportation. Or probably they have one but it is not official from the City Council. Based on direct observation, there is no indication of Bus Stops, or Bus Way around the City. On the other hand, based on data (n.d ;city-data.com) ‘Modes Of Transportation To Work’ the most preferred mode is ‘driving by car alone’ with the number of 9897 Population (53%) and compared to least preferred mode ‘walk’ which only

293 Population (2%) from the whole Population. (refer to chart)

So, the early conclusion will tell that the desire of the city itself is to use car everywhere.

To analyze this type of behavior, the writer focus on the particular element which is S Jefferson Avenue. The reason why the writer picks this spot is because it is the commercial area for the City. It has most services that the city needed. This street is also considered as the busiest part of the City. It intersects with Route 66/I-44 and as main road to enter the City from Route 66. Thus, one of the unique issue is the area has lots of Car Parks which the writer believes that it has the relation with the desire of the City. (refer to Particular Place)

4533112324452931,918

3,626

701,530

9,897

Drive a car (53%)CarpooledTrolley BusStreet CarTaxiWalk (2%)MotorcycleBicycleOtherAt Home

*note that the pie chart is self reproduced by the writer and it has different number of percentage compared to the source. The writer believes that the miss-ca lcu la t ion comes from the source because the new chart is generated using capable data software

City Grid

Particular Place

S JEFFERSON AVENUE

CASE STUDY

THECARPARKS

Based on the calculation, the percentage between

the Parking Spaces and the footprint of the

building is between 65% by 35%, which is quite

significant. (refer to Parking Space Map)

Within the large Parking Space, I think it is not

really hard to get into the particular building

because it can be easily accessed and it has

appropriate dimensions. Even though not much

people will perform walking to transport to other

buildings, but the dimensions of pedestrian walks

are still appropriate and easy to access. (refer to

street sections)

Parking Space Map for S JEFFERSON AVENUE

As it stated before that most of people keen to drive a car by themselves and lots of Parking Spaces around the particular area supports it.

S JEFFERSON AVENUE

W HAYES STREET W HAYES STREET

Street Section facing S JEFFERSON AVENUE

Street Section facing W HAYES STREET

So, it is clearly described that the large amount of Parking Spaces are to accommodate the most p r e f e r r e d m o d e s o f transportation, but in the same way it’s not limiting the p e o p l e w h o k e e n t o perform walking to other places.

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CITY & DESIRE

WALKING OR DRIVING?

Probably it is a common issue that mobility is an important role of the city. Mobility is a vein for the City as it activates the city.Mobility can be achieved through Walking, Driving, Public Transportations and etc, but the site itself should accommodate the runs of transportation such as Street, Main Road, Interstate, and for bigger context is a City Layout itself. In this case, refer to the City Layout of Lebanon. The Layout of the City consists of grids, which is artificial layout for the City. (refer to city grid)

The ‘fun fact’ of Lebanon is they don’t have a public transportation. Or probably they have one but it is not official from the City Council. Based on direct observation, there is no indication of Bus Stops, or Bus Way around the City. On the other hand, based on data (n.d ;city-data.com) ‘Modes Of Transportation To Work’ the most preferred mode is ‘driving by car alone’ with the number of 9897 Population (53%) and compared to least preferred mode ‘walk’ which only

293 Population (2%) from the whole Population. (refer to chart)

So, the early conclusion will tell that the desire of the city itself is to use car everywhere.

To analyze this type of behavior, the writer focus on the particular element which is S Jefferson Avenue. The reason why the writer picks this spot is because it is the commercial area for the City. It has most services that the city needed. This street is also considered as the busiest part of the City. It intersects with Route 66/I-44 and as main road to enter the City from Route 66. Thus, one of the unique issue is the area has lots of Car Parks which the writer believes that it has the relation with the desire of the City. (refer to Particular Place)

Drive a car (53%)CarpooledTrolley BusStreet CarTaxiWalk (2%)MotorcycleBicycleOtherAt Home

*note that the pie chart is self reproduced by the writer and it has different number of percentage compared to the source. The writer believes that the miss-ca lcu la t ion comes from the source because the new chart is generated using capable data software

City Grid

Particular Place

S JEFFERSON AVENUE

CASE STUDY

THECARPARKS

Based on the calculation, the percentage between

the Parking Spaces and the footprint of the

building is between 65% by 35%, which is quite

significant. (refer to Parking Space Map)

Within the large Parking Space, I think it is not

really hard to get into the particular building

because it can be easily accessed and it has

appropriate dimensions. Even though not much

people will perform walking to transport to other

buildings, but the dimensions of pedestrian walks

are still appropriate and easy to access. (refer to

street sections)

Parking Space Map for S JEFFERSON AVENUE

As it stated before that most of people keen to drive a car by themselves and lots of Parking Spaces around the particular area supports it.

S JEFFERSON AVENUE

W HAYES STREET W HAYES STREET

Street Section facing S JEFFERSON AVENUE

Street Section facing W HAYES STREET

So, it is clearly described that the large amount of Parking Spaces are to accommodate the most p r e f e r r e d m o d e s o f transportation, but in the same way it’s not limiting the p e o p l e w h o k e e n t o perform walking to other places.

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http://issuu.com/futureshapeofarchitecture/docs/magazine




FUTURE SHAPE (OF) ARCHITECTURE

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FUTURE SHAPE (OF) ARCHITECTUREFuture Shape (Of) Architecture is a concept and upcoming Architectural Firm, founded and managed by Muhammad Rihanza Fadlitya, a QUT School of Design in Architectural Studies graduate. The main objective of FS(O)A is to create design that is simple, effective, meaningful and aesthetically stands out. Using latest tools and ideas in Architecture World today, FS(O)A is ready to compete and mark the world with distinction design. Solving most of the wicked and common problems faced by the world today.

The name of Future Shape (Of) Architecture (‘Of’ in brackets) can be interpreted in 2 ways.

First, as a typical Architecture Studio Name which is ‘Future Shape’. The ‘Of in brackets’ represents the silent ‘Of’ and not included in the sentence.

Second, as a whole concept vision for the Future Architectural World. FS(O)A aims to go global and mark the world with it’s distinct design. FS(O)A desires to rule the world in a good way, by implementing FS(O)A’s signature of design ideas, and of course to shape the world into a better and more livable place for society.

THE NAME

Visit FS(O)A at http://futureshape.co.nr

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http://futureshape.co.nr

http://futureshape.co.nr

Rihanza Fadlitya Design Portfolio

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Transcript of Rihanza Fadlitya Design Portfolio