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    Diane Jubinville, Teacher Consultant, SD#38 (Richmond) Follow us at: ourvoicessd38.blogspot.ca

    west: A FRAMEWORK FORINCORPORATING

    ABORIGINAL CULTURE INTO

    THE ELEMENTARY FINE

    ARTS CURRICULUM

    (* west is Halqemylem forto teach)

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    TABLE OF CONTENTS

    Introduction ! 3Coast Salish People and Territory ! 4Richmonds History 5

    First Nations Protocol ! 6Map of Traditional Coast Salish Territory 6

    Map of the Salish Sea 6

    Eleven Principles for Incorporating Aboriginal Culture! 7Musqueam and Coast Salish Information 10

    Dance K-7 12

    Drama K-7 ! 13Music K-7! 14Visual Arts K-7! 15Elders Programs 16

    Fieldtrip Ideas 16

    Additional Resources 16

    Bibliography 17

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    INTRODUCTION

    With the signing of ourAboriginal EducationEnhancement Agreement (AEEA) on June 21,

    2011, the Richmond School District committed to

    ensuring that all students, both Aboriginal and Non-

    Aboriginal, will learn about the culture and history

    of the Aboriginal peoples who once inhabited what

    is now Canada and in particular those who lived in

    the Pacific Northwest. We read in the Ministry of

    Educations preamble to the AEEA document that

    [f]undamental to the Aboriginal Education

    Enhancement Agreements, which are unique to

    each school district, is the requirement that school

    districts provide strong programs on the culture of

    local Aboriginal peoples on whose traditional

    territories the districts are located. (http://

    www.bced.gov.bc.ca/abed/agreements/

    welcome.htm)

    As educators, we are often called upon to teach

    about traditions that are not our own. Being a non-

    Indigenous teacher does not have to be a stumbling

    block to presenting Aboriginal culture. As with all

    subject areas, we can teach with a spirit of openness

    and acceptance of all peoples.

    That said, educators may not know the different

    protocols for all the various Aboriginal groups

    represented in their classroom or community. Just as

    Europeans come from many different traditions and

    languages, so do Aboriginal peoples. Across

    Canada, there are a variety of languages, traditions,

    histories, stories and art forms for the numerous

    Indigenous groups.

    This Framework was developed to assist teachers in

    providing programs embedded with Aboriginal

    culture, connected to the Fine Arts curriculum. It is

    important for school district personnel and the

    students to know and understand the history of the

    Musqueam and other Coast Salish people and to

    comprehend their realities of today. The Coast

    Salish live among us and their culture is alive and

    contemporary. Some background information on

    these peoples and their history in Richmond is

    provided. The Musqueam Band also has played an

    important role in the development of SD #38sAEEA.

    What follows are eleven principles for

    incorporating Aboriginal culture which will help

    teachers in their Fine Arts curriculum planning.

    Teachers will also find resources, books, websites,

    videoclips etc. for each of the curriculum strands:

    Music, Drama, Dance and Visual Arts.

    http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/abed/agreements/welcome.htmhttp://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/abed/agreements/welcome.htmhttp://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/abed/agreements/welcome.htmhttp://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/abed/agreements/welcome.htmhttp://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/abed/agreements/welcome.htmhttp://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/abed/agreements/welcome.htmhttp://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/abed/agreements/welcome.htmhttp://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/abed/agreements/welcome.htmhttp://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/abed/agreements/welcome.htmhttp://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/abed/agreements/welcome.htm
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    COAST SALISH

    PEOPLE AND

    TERRRITORY

    In Canada, the Coast Salish territory stretches

    along the Pacific Coast of BC and includes the

    area between Bute Island and the Columbia

    River as well as those areas on Vancouver

    Island not occupied by the Kwakwakawakw

    (Kawkiutl) and those of the Nootka First

    Nations which stretch from Johnstone Strait to

    Port Renfrew (formerly Port San Juan). The

    Coast Salish also occupied vast areas of western

    Washington State. This area thus includes the

    City of Richmond.

    The Coast Salish people are unique among the

    Pacific Northwest First Nations in that they

    exhibit much of the other northern coastal First

    Nations culture yet they have strong historic

    connections with the Interior First Nations

    groups. It is believed that the Coast Salish

    migrated to the coast from the Interior Plateauon the upper reaches of the Fraser and

    Thompson rivers. Similarities in the language,

    in the construction of their long houses, the less

    developed art forms than other Northwest Coast

    nations, and the style of their essential tools is

    evidence of this migration. (Ashwell &

    Hancock, 2006).

    Here is a Welcome Pole situated on the MusqueamReserve. The Coast Salish people did not carve totem

    poles as did the tribes of other Northwest Coast Nations

    such as the Haida. The large carved human figures

    represent ancestors or spirit helpers. These poles can

    serve as doorways or inside house supports and are

    placed in front of houses to honour deceased chiefs or

    they can stand alone.

    The Coast Salish people speak the Halkomelem language of which there are three distinct dialect groups: the

    people in the Fraser Valley speak Halqemylem; the people on the Island speak Hulquminum; and the

    people in the Fraser River Delta (Tsawwassen, Musqueam, Tsleil-Waututh), speak Hunquminum. Today, the

    Coast Salish population is relatively small compared to other Nations along the Coast, however at one time

    they were the largest group of First Nations people north of California. The smallpox epidemic in 1781/82

    which devastated large numbers of people along the coast and in the Interior is estimated to have killed as

    much as 75% of their population. (Ham p. 5). It is estimated that around 100 people still speak the

    Halkomelem language, most of them elders. However, groups are working to keep their language alive.

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    RICHMONDS HISTORY

    Prior to 1781, families who today live at Musqueam, Tsawwasseen and Langley held rights to the rich

    resources available to them in Richmond. Families from Cowichan, Nanaimo and Saanich on Vancouver Island

    also had rights obtained through marriage ties. Research indicates there were Coast Salish settlements in

    Richmond, and that the area was extensively and primarily used for harvesting. Harvesting activities took place

    throughout the year, with each season bringing fresh sources.

    In the spring, deer and beaver hunting were of prime importance for the Coast Salish families. In the FraserRiver were found eulachon, sturgeon, herring, shellfish, and other intertidal resources. Seals and sea lions that

    chased the eulachons were also trapped in abundance. In the late spring and summer, women would gather

    thimbleberries, horsetails, silverweed, clover and other edible plants. In the summer, the woman would also go

    berry picking in the bog areas and pick the crab apples which were in ample supply along Crabapple Ridge (the

    stretch of land from Terra Nova to Garry Point). The summer months brought the most important food source

    to the people the salmon. The late runs of chum and coho salmon continued to supply the Coast Salish into

    the late fall when once again deer and beaver would be hunted. Finally, after months of catching, harvesting

    and preserving their food, the Coast Salish would return to their permanent homes elsewhere and begin their

    winter ceremonial celebrations.

    Although no archeological sites have been retained in Richmond, it is known that both permanent and

    temporary buildings were erected.The more permanent dwellings were used for longer periods of times such as

    during the summer months for the salmon fishing, and for several years. These structures were made of cedar

    planks and were shed-type houses attached in rows and which were occupied by extended families (all able

    bodied family members were expected to help out during the salmon runs). A house frame would be built and

    the planks, which were valued possessions, would be brought over from their permanent residences. Single

    houses and shelters were also erected. Habitations erected for more temporary fishing camps consisted of apole framed lean-to shed, covered with a mat. The Musqueam also maintained smoke houses at their fishing

    sites and evidence of other hearths or cooking areas have been discovered. As well, here in Richmond, sites

    related to ceremonial or spiritual activities have been located.

    At the Britannia Heritage Shipyards Site, a First Peoples House has been preserved. This building was used

    used as a dormitory for First Nations peoples, as they made up the majority of the work force in the fishing and

    canning industries. They would return to their traditional lands following their seasonal round (http://

    www.richmond.ca/asp2/HeritageInv/details.aspx).

    http://www.richmond.ca/asp2/HeritageInv/details.aspxhttp://www.richmond.ca/asp2/HeritageInv/details.aspxhttp://www.richmond.ca/asp2/HeritageInv/details.aspxhttp://www.richmond.ca/asp2/HeritageInv/details.aspxhttp://www.richmond.ca/asp2/HeritageInv/details.aspx
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    FIRST NATIONS PROTOCOL

    At formal meetings, it is proper protocol to

    acknowledge the territory on which the event is

    taking place. In Richmond, it is Coast Salish

    territory. (Some organizations prefer to acknowledge

    the unceded traditional Musqueam territory).

    At the beginning of the event, the emcee or

    chairperson could say Today, we would like to

    acknowledge that we are meeting on traditional

    Coast Salish territory and if time permits, invite an

    Elder to do an Opening prayer or Welcome.

    If Elders are asked to lead an official welcome, it is

    appropriate to provide transportation, have someone

    accompany them throughout the event and drive

    them home afterwards.

    Acknowledging the traditional territory and when

    possible inviting an Elder helps to establish and

    maintain strong relationships with the local First

    Nation.

    MAP OF TRADITIONAL COAST SALISH TERRITORY

    This map which shows Georgia Strait, Puget Sound and the Strait of Juan de Fuca which are together

    known as the Salish Sea, in recognition of the Coast Salish peoples who have lived in this region for

    millenia.

    MAP OF THE SALISH SEA

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    1. Learn about the local First Nations as a cultural groupIn order to begin to incorporate Aboriginal culture into the curriculum and to

    continue to build an inclusive education system, we need to promote awareness

    and understanding of Aboriginal culture. It is essential that all students learn

    about their own culture and together learn about Canadas Aboriginal cultures,

    languages and histories. When students see themselves reflected in the subject

    being studied, their self-esteem will be enhanced. By recognizing, appreciating

    and learning about students background and cultural identity, teachers are

    better equipped to respond to the needs of a diverse student population.

    2. Study Traditional Art FormsBy learning about the local First Nations as a cultural group, teachers can

    focus on what the Aboriginal community values as artistic expression by

    studying the traditional art forms: carving, drum making, basket weaving,

    shapes, designs, colours and themes. By studying traditional Coast Salish

    artwork, students can then be inspired to create their own original piece of art.

    Art should be a part of everyones experience, not the prerogative of a talented

    few.

    3. Capture the interests of the studentsAboriginal communities have music traditions which they continue today for

    cultural reasons. With all art forms, it is important to focus on what is

    interesting to the students so they find relevance in their learning. In music for

    example, many young people are interested in rap and hip hop music. This

    provides an opportunity to introduce First Nations artists who perform this

    kind of music in a traditional language. Students could translate the song intoEnglish or make up their own song using terminology linked to the land. By

    demystifying Aboriginal culture, students can appreciate the arts for arts sake.

    11 PRINCIPLES

    FOR INCORPORATING ABORIGINAL CULTURE

    INTO THE ELEMENTARY FINE ARTS

    CURRICULUM

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    4. Meet regularly with Elders and family membersMeet with Elders and family members both formally and informally to continue

    building community relationships as well as provide knowledge to preserve the

    culture. Ask the children if they would like to invite family members to the

    classroom. It is essential that all learners feel they are a meaningful part of, and

    take pride in an educational system in which their heritage and culture are

    reflected, celebrated and respected. By promoting culturally responsive

    programs that bring members of the community into the classroom as partnersin their childrens education, one can see and feel the building of community.

    5. Teach the Language of ArtTeaching students the language of art -for example in design: texture, form,

    line, colour, empowers students to be critical of the art they see and do. Without

    a language to talk about art, the conversations are judgmental rather than a

    conversation about the value of an object. Also, students should not be forced

    into doing Native Art but rather taught how to analyze works of art from

    structural, historical and cultural perspectives. If they are interested in furtherdeveloping works of art in an Aboriginal style, this can be encouraged and

    supported. Students can be encouraged to explore their heritage, but the

    ultimate purpose of art is personal expression that is linked to personal interest.

    6. Participate in Community Cultural EventsTeachers must also be culturally open. This requires an awareness and

    sensitivity to different cultures and acquiring knowledge (Castagno & Brayboy,

    2008). Culturally relevant pedagogy can be defined as education that

    recognizes, respects, and uses students identities and backgrounds as

    meaningful sources for creating optimal learning environments (ibid). By

    recognizing, appreciating and learning about students background and cultural

    identity, teachers are better equipped to respond to the needs of a diverse

    student population. Numerous activities and celebrations in the community lend

    themselves to some great resources for teachers.

    7. Display and showcase student workA sense of belonging and feeling pride in their work and in their culture are two

    factors that have been recognized as prerequisites for success for Aboriginal

    students (Ministry of Education). By recognizing and highlighting students

    work around the school or showcasing a performance at an assembly,

    acknowledges and values the contributions of everyone in the school

    community. There is nothing more exciting for young students than to see their

    works of art displayed for all to see. Instilling a sense of confidence is integral

    to childrens learning.

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    8. Invite local artists to speak and performStudents need to see and hear from successful Aboriginal artists and to be able

    to ask them questions, learn about the process of becoming an artist and

    marketing their work (Letham, 1996). Inviting local artists to speak to the

    children about their art (both traditional and contemporary) and perhaps be a

    part of an art project with the class or school would allow meaningful

    connections to be made. Students would benefit by having field trips to art

    studios, art galleries and art showings to see that a career in the arts is asvaluable an educational outcome as a career in a non-arts profession (Davis,

    2008).

    9. Teach the oral traditions through stories and songsMuch of the research about culturally responsive pedagogy cites the

    importance of the oral tradition in First Nations cultures. This can be

    incorporated in the classroom through stories and songs. Developing a rapport

    with the Elder community, who are also the keepers of cultural wisdom, would

    bring the community together in a broader sense. The Elders could be invited to

    the school for assemblies or to the classroom to share their special talent.

    Having the children interview an Elder on what they used to do as a child

    would allow the students to learn about life in the past and cultural teachings.

    10. Use experiential learningTell me and Ill forget; show me and I may remember; involve me and Ill

    understand This Chinese proverb rings true in education. The more children

    learn by doing, the more they will understand. In the arts, children mightquestion the value of learning to make a basket out of cedar. When they see the

    results of making one, they understand the intricacies of their utilitarian uses.

    Some of them carry food, others water and still some for cooking or carrying

    fish. Carvings can be done using Plaster of Paris instead of wood. In all of

    the arts, there are many opportunities for experiential learning.

    11. Integrate the arts with other subjectsChildren feel emotionally secure when they find themselves and those they

    love, positively represented in curriculum materials. It is well-established,

    however, that art, when integrated with other subjects, can create innovative

    ways of thinking, understanding, and representing knowledge (Zwirn, 2005).

    Excellent examples of integrating mathematics and science are available for

    teachers through books and on the internet. Unique ways of integrating the arts

    with socials studies have been done by many teachers, especially in grades

    three and nine.

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    MUSQUEAM INFORMATIOM

    http://www.musqueam.bc.ca/Home.html

    http://www.musqueam.bc.ca/Culture.html

    http://www.musqueam.bc.ca/History.html

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musqueam_Indian_Band

    http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Canadian_History/The_People_of_the_Lands/Musqueam

    http://www.fourhostfirstnations.com/musqueam/

    https://circle.ubc.ca/handle/2429/6379

    COAST SALISH INFORMATION

    http://www.joejack.com/coastsalishhistory.html

    http://knowbc.com/ebc/Books/Encyclopedia-of-BC/S/Salishan-First-Nations

    http://maps.fphlcc.ca/node/135/resources

    http://www.native-languages.org/halkomelem.htm

    BOOK REFERENCES

    Song of the Salish Sea : A Natural History of Northwest Waters. [United States] :Earthwise Media ;, c2006. This visually effective program explores the ecosystem of the Salish Sea(Straights of Georgia and Juan de Fuca, and Puget Sound). It highlights the complexity of therelationships between species and between living and non-living aspects of the system. Humorousgraphics emphasize the impact of humans on this ecosystem, and point out how people can repairdamage already done. The program is divided into seven segments for targeted viewing. Thesegments focus on particular habitats and could be used as 'in-class field trips' to these differentareas.

    From Time Immemorial : The First People of the Pacific Northwest Coast. Gabriola,

    BC : Pacific Edge Publishing, 1999. This resource contains many activities and opportunities forresearch. The teacher's guide was written specifically to address all of the prescribed learning

    outcomes outlined for Grade 4 students in the Social Studies K to 7 IRP 1996. Includes informationabout the following peoples: Coast Salish, Wakashan, Haida, Nisga'a, Tlingit, Tsimshian, Gitxsin,Tahitan and Nuxalk to name a few.

    Tracing Our Past : A Heritage Guide to Boundary Bay.Delta, B.C.: Nature Guides B.C.,

    c2008. Murray, Anne, 1952 Feb. 16-. This guide covers Boundary Bay and its watershed, includingDelta, Surrey, White Rock, Langley and Richmond in British Columbia, and Blaine, Point Robertsand the Drayton Harbor watershed in Washington State. Learn about local Coast Salish,multicultural explorers, settlers, fishers, farmers, developers, naturalists and conservationists, andthe relationships all these people had to the changing land, river and ocean.

    http://www.native-languages.org/halkomelem.htmhttp://www.native-languages.org/halkomelem.htmhttp://maps.fphlcc.ca/node/135/resourceshttp://maps.fphlcc.ca/node/135/resourceshttp://knowbc.com/ebc/Books/Encyclopedia-of-BC/S/Salishan-First-Nationshttp://knowbc.com/ebc/Books/Encyclopedia-of-BC/S/Salishan-First-Nationshttp://www.joejack.com/coastsalishhistory.htmlhttp://www.joejack.com/coastsalishhistory.htmlhttps://circle.ubc.ca/handle/2429/6379https://circle.ubc.ca/handle/2429/6379http://www.fourhostfirstnations.com/musqueam/http://www.fourhostfirstnations.com/musqueam/http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Canadian_History/The_People_of_the_Lands/Musqueamhttp://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Canadian_History/The_People_of_the_Lands/Musqueamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musqueam_Indian_Bandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musqueam_Indian_Bandhttp://www.musqueam.bc.ca/History.htmlhttp://www.musqueam.bc.ca/History.htmlhttp://www.musqueam.bc.ca/Culture.htmlhttp://www.musqueam.bc.ca/Culture.htmlhttp://www.musqueam.bc.ca/Home.htmlhttp://www.musqueam.bc.ca/Home.html
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    MUSQUEAM COMMUNITYPROFILE

    This book describes the current

    conditions of the Musqueam with an

    eye to the future of the Band.

    Developed by the Musqueam

    Community Committee, this resource

    gives the reader insight into the

    workings of this First Nation.

    Xm

    k

    m

    This reference guide created by the

    Musqueam people provides

    information about their culture:

    including history, language and

    traditions. A usage guide explains and

    interprets the architecture, colours and

    other features of their culture.

    (Available through the Musqueam Band)

    PEOPLE OF THE LAND:LEGENDS OF THE FOUR HOST FIRST NATIONS

    The Vancouver 2010 Olympic and

    Paralympic Winter Games were held

    in the traditional and shared territories

    of the Lilwat, Musqueam, Squamish

    and Tsleil-Wauthuth. Information on

    each of the four Nations is provided.

    (ISBN978-1-894778-77-0

    ABORIGINAL ON-LINE NEWSPAPERS

    First Nations Drum: News from Canadas Native Communities.Vancouver and Toronto

    (www.firstnationsdrum.com).

    Kahtou News: The Voice of B.C.s First Nations. Sechelt, BC: Kwatamus Publications.

    Ravens Eye. B.C: Aboriginal Multi-Media Society http://www.ammsa.com/publications/ravens-eye

    Red Directions. Vancouver: Redwire Native Youth Media

    http://www.redwiremag.com/site/redwire/redwire-magazine

    Say Magazine, The spirit of Aboriginal youth, (www.saymag.com).

    Secwepemc News. Kamloops: Secwepemc Cultural Education Society http://www.secwepemc.org/

    Windspeaker: Canadas National Aboriginal News Source. Edmonton: Aboriginal Multi-Media Society

    http://www.ammsa.com/history/windspeaker

    Native American art and culture Magazine: http://www.americanindianmagazine.org/

    ADDITIONAL RESOURCES:

    News Magazine from BCTF: http://bctf.ca/publications/NewsmagArticle.aspx?id=20220

    From the Richmond Public Library: http://www.yourlibrary.ca/content.cfm?lev1=165&lev2=575

    First Nations organizations: http://fnbc.info/content/first-nations-organizations

    BCTF Teacher resources: http://www.bctf.ca/AboriginalEducation.aspx?id=13404

    http://www.1heart1mind.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3&Itemid=8

    http://www.cylex.ca/company/kahtou-news-11893302.htm

    http://www.bctf.ca/AboriginalEducation.aspx?id=13404http://www.yourlibrary.ca/content.cfm?lev1=165&lev2=575http://www.yourlibrary.ca/content.cfm?lev1=165&lev2=575http://www.bctf.ca/AboriginalEducation.aspx?id=13404http://www.yourlibrary.ca/content.cfm?lev1=165&lev2=575http://www.cylex.ca/company/kahtou-news-11893302.htmhttp://www.cylex.ca/company/kahtou-news-11893302.htmhttp://www.1heart1mind.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3&Itemid=8http://www.1heart1mind.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3&Itemid=8http://www.1heart1mind.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3&Itemid=8http://www.1heart1mind.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3&Itemid=8http://www.1heart1mind.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3&Itemid=8http://www.1heart1mind.ca/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3&Itemid=8http://www.bctf.ca/AboriginalEducation.aspx?id=13404http://www.bctf.ca/AboriginalEducation.aspx?id=13404http://fnbc.info/content/first-nations-organizationshttp://fnbc.info/content/first-nations-organizationshttp://www.yourlibrary.ca/content.cfm?lev1=165&lev2=575http://www.yourlibrary.ca/content.cfm?lev1=165&lev2=575http://bctf.ca/publications/NewsmagArticle.aspx?id=20220http://bctf.ca/publications/NewsmagArticle.aspx?id=20220http://www.americanindianmagazine.org/http://www.americanindianmagazine.org/http://www.ammsa.com/history/windspeakerhttp://www.ammsa.com/history/windspeakerhttp://www.secwepemc.org/http://www.secwepemc.org/http://www.saymag.com/http://www.saymag.com/http://www.redwiremag.com/site/redwire/redwire-magazinehttp://www.redwiremag.com/site/redwire/redwire-magazinehttp://www.ammsa.com/publications/ravens-eyehttp://www.ammsa.com/publications/ravens-eyehttp://www.firstnationsdrum.com/http://www.firstnationsdrum.com/
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    DANCE K-7

    FROM INTRODUCTION TO IRP:

    People dance for many reasons and in all stages of

    life. Dance provides opportunities for students to

    gain an understanding of and a respect for diverse

    cultures. A balanced dance program should draw on

    our cultural and historical wealth.

    History influences dance, and dance reflects

    history. Dance contributes not only to the

    development of self, but also to the development of

    society. When examined within the context of

    present-day events in the local and global

    community, dance becomes personally relevant for

    all students. (Ministry of Education, 2010)

    WEBSITES

    Native Dance: http://www.native-dance.ca/

    Canadian Aboriginal Portal: http://www.aboriginalcanada.gc.ca/acp/site.nsf/eng/index.html

    Virtual Pow Wow: http://img.csit.carleton.ca/vpow/

    First Nations litterature: http://olc.spsd.sk.ca/DE/resources/firstnationsliterature/

    Government of Canada: http://www.aboriginalcanada.gc.ca/acp/site.nsf/eng/ao04585.html

    Buffy Ste-Marie: http://cradleboard.org/

    COMMUNITY EVENTS

    Talking Stick Festival: http://fullcircleperformance.ca/content.asp?

    ChapterID=2&SubchapterID=5&PageID=4&portal=1

    Stoqweylem Pow Wow at Burnaby Central http://www.fraecdn.ca/events-and-news/stoqweylem-powwow-

    burnaby-central-secondary-school

    Canadian Aboriginal Festival http://www.canab.com/mainpages/events/powwow.html

    COMMUNITY CONTACTS

    Tsatsu Stalqayu Dance group: Francis James 778-840-5512 [email protected]

    Video clip: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ka88k-GSr7s

    Xwamstut Culture group: Coast Salish Drumming & singing: Contact person is Jessica Silvey: 604-885-6012

    Coastal F.N.group: http://ipaa.ca/events-performances/dancers-damelahamid/ http://www.damelahamid.ca/

    about/about.htm Phone 604-922-5277

    Bob Baker[[email protected]] http://www.eaglesongdancers.org/

    Squamish Nation Dance group: [email protected]

    Sayget Kuulumgot Dance group: 604-561-5039.

    Letse Sqwlewel Dance group: contact Millie Silver at 604-852-4159, or Alice Thompson at Leqa:mel

    First Nation at 604-826-7976.

    Maxine Prevost at Stolo Nation LEP program has a dance group.

    mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.eaglesongdancers.org/http://www.eaglesongdancers.org/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.damelahamid.ca/about/about.htmhttp://www.damelahamid.ca/about/about.htmhttp://www.damelahamid.ca/about/about.htmhttp://www.damelahamid.ca/about/about.htmhttp://ipaa.ca/events-performances/dancers-damelahamid/http://ipaa.ca/events-performances/dancers-damelahamid/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ka88k-GSr7shttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ka88k-GSr7smailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.canab.com/mainpages/events/powwow.htmlhttp://www.canab.com/mainpages/events/powwow.htmlhttp://www.fraecdn.ca/events-and-news/stoqweylem-powwow-burnaby-central-secondary-schoolhttp://www.fraecdn.ca/events-and-news/stoqweylem-powwow-burnaby-central-secondary-schoolhttp://www.fraecdn.ca/events-and-news/stoqweylem-powwow-burnaby-central-secondary-schoolhttp://www.fraecdn.ca/events-and-news/stoqweylem-powwow-burnaby-central-secondary-schoolhttp://fullcircleperformance.ca/content.asp?ChapterID=2&SubchapterID=5&PageID=4&portal=1http://fullcircleperformance.ca/content.asp?ChapterID=2&SubchapterID=5&PageID=4&portal=1http://fullcircleperformance.ca/content.asp?ChapterID=2&SubchapterID=5&PageID=4&portal=1http://fullcircleperformance.ca/content.asp?ChapterID=2&SubchapterID=5&PageID=4&portal=1http://cradleboard.org/http://cradleboard.org/http://www.aboriginalcanada.gc.ca/acp/site.nsf/eng/ao04585.htmlhttp://www.aboriginalcanada.gc.ca/acp/site.nsf/eng/ao04585.htmlhttp://olc.spsd.sk.ca/DE/resources/firstnationsliterature/http://olc.spsd.sk.ca/DE/resources/firstnationsliterature/http://img.csit.carleton.ca/vpow/http://img.csit.carleton.ca/vpow/http://www.aboriginalcanada.gc.ca/acp/site.nsf/eng/index.htmlhttp://www.aboriginalcanada.gc.ca/acp/site.nsf/eng/index.htmlhttp://www.native-dance.ca/http://www.native-dance.ca/
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    DRAMA K-7

    FROM INTRODUCTION TO IRP:

    People in all cultures create drama for a variety of

    reasons. Drama education provides opportunities for

    students to explore and interpret how drama is used

    to celebrate, comment on, and examine the values,

    issues, and events of societies past and present.

    In the elementary years, students own experiences

    will serve as a starting point for descriptions,

    discussions, reflection, and analysis of drama from a

    range of contexts. When examined within the context

    of present-day events in the local and global

    community, drama becomes personally relevant for

    all students. (Ministry of Education 2010)

    WEBSITES

    Spoken Poems: First Nations Students from Santa Fe Indian School

    http://santa_fe_indian_school.apps4rent.info/selectedpoems/default.aspx

    Talking Stick Festival: http://fullcircleperformance.ca/content.asp?

    ChapterID=2&SubchapterID=5&PageID=4&portal=1

    Virtual Museum of Canada: http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Holman/english/storytelling/

    index.php3

    First Nations litterature: http://olc.spsd.sk.ca/de/resources/firstnationsliterature/oraltradition.html

    Storyteller in Residence program: http://www.vpl.ca/events/cat/C836

    Drama resources: http://twinkleshappyplace.blogspot.ca/2011/07/first-nations-drama-and-dance-units.html

    BOOKS:

    Story Drama. Creating stories through role playing, improvising, and reading aloud. 2nd Edition, DavidBooth. Markham, Ontario: Pembroke Publishers Ltd., 2005.

    The Arts Go To School. Classroom-based activities that focus on music, painting, drama, movement, media,

    and more. Edited by David Booth, Masayuki Hachiya. Markham, Ontario: Pembroke Publishers Ltd., 2004

    First Nations Awareness: Putting it all Together. 2nd Edition. First Nations Education Division, Greater

    Victoria School District. 1992.

    First Nations Full Day Kindergarten,From Our Treasure Box. Sheilia Austin and Karin Clark. First Nations

    Education Division, Greater Victoria School District. 1993.

    ADDITIONAL WEBSITES:

    First Nations languages: http://firstvoices.com/

    First Nations films: http://www.firstnationsfilms.com/

    COMMUNITY CONTACTS

    Henry Charles, Musqueam Storyteller: Henry Charles

    Richard Van Camp, storyteller: http://www.richardvancamp.org/

    http://www.richardvancamp.org/http://www.richardvancamp.org/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.richardvancamp.org/http://www.richardvancamp.org/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.firstnationsfilms.com/http://www.firstnationsfilms.com/http://firstvoices.com/http://firstvoices.com/http://twinkleshappyplace.blogspot.ca/2011/07/first-nations-drama-and-dance-units.htmlhttp://twinkleshappyplace.blogspot.ca/2011/07/first-nations-drama-and-dance-units.htmlhttp://www.vpl.ca/events/cat/C836http://www.vpl.ca/events/cat/C836http://olc.spsd.sk.ca/de/resources/firstnationsliterature/oraltradition.htmlhttp://olc.spsd.sk.ca/de/resources/firstnationsliterature/oraltradition.htmlhttp://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Holman/english/storytelling/index.php3http://www.virtualmuseum.ca/Exhibitions/Holman/english/storytelling/index.php3http://fullcircleperformance.ca/content.asp?ChapterID=2&SubchapterID=5&PageID=4&portal=1http://fullcircleperformance.ca/content.asp?ChapterID=2&SubchapterID=5&PageID=4&portal=1http://fullcircleperformance.ca/content.asp?ChapterID=2&SubchapterID=5&PageID=4&portal=1http://fullcircleperformance.ca/content.asp?ChapterID=2&SubchapterID=5&PageID=4&portal=1http://santa/http://santa/
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    MUSIC K-7

    FROM INTRODUCTION TO IRP:

    Music is created and performed within a wide range of

    historical, cultural, and social contexts. Through the study

    of these contexts, students experience the richness and

    diversity of the human spirit as it is reflected in music.

    This helps create a sense of wonder about and belonging

    to the world around them, thereby developing a feeling of

    connectedness to other human beings.

    Students enter the elementary years with an understanding

    of music in relation to their own contexts. Through

    exposure to music that represents the diversity within and

    among communities, students can broaden their

    understanding of critical appreciation for a range of music

    experiences and the role of music in society. (Ministry of

    Education 2010)

    WEBSITES FOR RESOURCES

    Traditional F.N. Music: http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/aboriginal-music-song/028012-2100-e.html

    Coast Salish Anthem:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3KwoaR6VW8

    Native Drums, teacher resources:http://www.native-drums.ca/index.php/Teachers/?tp=a&bg=2&ln=e

    Buffy Sainte-Marie:http://cradleboard.org/

    A Newfoundlander singing the Huron Carol in MiKmaq.

    http://www.thewesternstar.com/Video/12170/Huron-Carol-by-Keith-Cormier

    Contemporary First Nations Culture - Alive and Singing

    First Nations people are singing and making music in a variety of genres: hip hop, rap, folk, traditional,

    country etc. The links below will let you hear the range of material Aboriginal Canadians have to offer!

    CBC Radio 3 - Aboriginal Music:

    http://music.cbc.ca/#/genres/Aboriginal

    A range of contemporary musicians

    Manitoba Musics Aboriginal Music Program

    http://www.aboriginalmusic.ca/videos

    AMP was launched in 2004 to help First Nation, Mtis, and Inuit people develop sustainable

    careers in Manitobas music industry.

    Aboriginal Peoples Choice Music Awards

    http://aboriginalpeopleschoice.com/artist-search/2011/category/all/

    Hear snippets from award winning albums

    APTN Music (Clips from FN musicians)

    http://aptn.ca/pages/music/

    COMMUNITY RESOURCES

    Christie Lee Charles - Musqueam Band: Rap music in the Halkomelem language:

    http://www.ctvbc.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20110401/

    bc_musqueam_language_rapper_110402/20110402?hub=BritishColumbiaHome

    Smokey Valley Drum Group: http://www.manataka.org/page737.html

    Contact: [email protected] Video Clip: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpCqIHtrfjo

    http://www.manataka.org/page737.htmlhttp://www.ctvbc.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20110401/bc_musqueam_language_rapper_110402/20110402?hub=BritishColumbiaHomehttp://www.ctvbc.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20110401/bc_musqueam_language_rapper_110402/20110402?hub=BritishColumbiaHomehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpCqIHtrfjohttp://www.manataka.org/page737.htmlhttp://www.ctvbc.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20110401/bc_musqueam_language_rapper_110402/20110402?hub=BritishColumbiaHomehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpCqIHtrfjohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpCqIHtrfjohttp://www.manataka.org/page737.htmlhttp://www.manataka.org/page737.htmlhttp://www.ctvbc.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20110401/bc_musqueam_language_rapper_110402/20110402?hub=BritishColumbiaHomehttp://www.ctvbc.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20110401/bc_musqueam_language_rapper_110402/20110402?hub=BritishColumbiaHomehttp://www.ctvbc.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20110401/bc_musqueam_language_rapper_110402/20110402?hub=BritishColumbiaHomehttp://www.ctvbc.ctv.ca/servlet/an/local/CTVNews/20110401/bc_musqueam_language_rapper_110402/20110402?hub=BritishColumbiaHomehttp://aptn.ca/pages/music/http://aptn.ca/pages/music/http://aboriginalpeopleschoice.com/artist-search/2011/category/all/http://aboriginalpeopleschoice.com/artist-search/2011/category/all/http://www.aboriginalmusic.ca/videoshttp://www.aboriginalmusic.ca/videoshttp://music.cbc.ca/#http://music.cbc.ca/#http://www.thewesternstar.com/Video/12170/Huron-Carol-by-Keith-Cormierhttp://www.thewesternstar.com/Video/12170/Huron-Carol-by-Keith-Cormierhttp://www.thewesternstar.com/Video/12170/Huron-Carol-by-Keith-Cormierhttp://www.thewesternstar.com/Video/12170/Huron-Carol-by-Keith-Cormierhttp://cradleboard.org/http://cradleboard.org/http://www.native-drums.ca/index.php/Teachers/?tp=a&bg=2&ln=ehttp://www.native-drums.ca/index.php/Teachers/?tp=a&bg=2&ln=ehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3KwoaR6VW8http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S3KwoaR6VW8http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/aboriginal-music-song/028012-2100-e.htmlhttp://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/aboriginal-music-song/028012-2100-e.html
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    VISUAL ARTS K-7

    FROM INTRODUCTION TO IRP:

    Images are created and perceived within personal,

    social, cultural, and historical contexts. The visual arts

    have been integral to cultures throughout history, serving

    as dynamic forms of expression that can reflect or

    challenge societal norms and values. The visual artsexpress and are influenced by: personal contexts such as

    age, gender, life experience, beliefs, and values; social

    and cultural contexts such as belief systems, economics,

    race and ethnicity, environment, and technology;

    historical contexts such as time, place, and point of view.

    In the elementary years, students need a variety of

    opportunities to view examples of historical and

    contemporary artworks from diverse cultures. As students

    increase their understanding of the relationships betweenart and context, they develop their abilities to critically

    examine artworks and create personally meaningful

    images. (Ministry of Education, 2010)

    2D ARTFORMS: DRAWING & PAINTING

    Sto:lo Artistic Expressions http://www.web.uvic.ca/~bthom1/Media/pdfs/ethnography/ARTISTIC.htm

    Cross-curricular visual art resourcehttp://www.virtualmuseum.ca/English/Teacher/aboriginal_people.html-

    Exploring Aboriginal art: http://resources.curriculum.org/tcf/teachers/projects/nativeart.shtml

    Artist Website: http://www.xwalacktun.ca/

    Art: http://www.bcarchives.gov.bc.ca/exhibits/timemach/galler03/frames/index.htm

    3D ARTFORMS: DRUM MAKING, MASKS, CARVING, BASKET MAKING

    Masks: http://www.cln.org/themes/masks.html

    Drummaking ; http://www.native-drums.ca/index.php/Teachers/?tp=a&bg=2&ln=e

    Basket weaving: http://www.snuneymuxwvoices.ca/english/basket_elders.asp

    BOOK REFERENCES

    Shared Learnings, Integrating BC Aboriginal Content K-10 Resource package designed to provide teachers

    with guidance in integrating Aboriginal topics in all subject areas at an introductory level.

    http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/abed/shared.pdf

    BC First Peoples Learning Resources: Books for Use in K-7 Classrooms K-7 Resource guide

    The Learning Circle classroom guides:Designed to help meet Canadian educators growing need for

    elementary-level learning exercises on First Nations. (Also available in French).

    http://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/R32-195-2000-1E.pdf

    COMMUNITY RESOURCES

    Joan Ryan, Tsimshian Nation, Basket making: "Joan Ryan"

    Joe Becker, Musqueam carver: http://www.direction7.ca/artists.html

    Susan Point, Musqueam artist: http://www.susanpoint.com/

    Joe Jack, Coast Salish artist: http://www.joejack.com/

    http://www.joejack.com/http://www.susanpoint.com/http://www.susanpoint.com/http://www.direction7.ca/artists.htmlhttp://www.joejack.com/http://www.susanpoint.com/http://www.direction7.ca/artists.htmlmailto:[email protected]://www.joejack.com/http://www.joejack.com/http://www.joejack.com/http://www.joejack.com/http://www.susanpoint.com/http://www.susanpoint.com/http://www.direction7.ca/artists.htmlhttp://www.direction7.ca/artists.htmlmailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/R32-195-2000-1E.pdfhttp://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/R32-195-2000-1E.pdfhttp://www.fnesc.ca/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/FN-resource-guide-final-final-June-20.pdfhttp://www.fnesc.ca/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/FN-resource-guide-final-final-June-20.pdfhttp://www.joejack.com/coastsalishhistory.htmlhttp://www.joejack.com/coastsalishhistory.htmlhttp://www.snuneymuxwvoices.ca/english/basket_elders.asphttp://www.snuneymuxwvoices.ca/english/basket_elders.asphttp://www.native-drums.ca/index.php/Teachers/?tp=a&bg=2&ln=ehttp://www.native-drums.ca/index.php/Teachers/?tp=a&bg=2&ln=ehttp://www.cln.org/themes/masks.htmlhttp://www.cln.org/themes/masks.htmlhttp://www.bcarchives.gov.bc.ca/exhibits/timemach/galler03/frames/index.htmhttp://www.bcarchives.gov.bc.ca/exhibits/timemach/galler03/frames/index.htmhttp://www.xwalacktun.ca/http://www.xwalacktun.ca/http://resources.curriculum.org/tcf/teachers/projects/nativeart.shtmlhttp://resources.curriculum.org/tcf/teachers/projects/nativeart.shtmlhttp://www.virtualmuseum.ca/English/Teacher/aboriginal_people.htmlhttp://www.virtualmuseum.ca/English/Teacher/aboriginal_people.htmlhttp://www.web.uvic.ca/~bthom1/Media/pdfs/ethnography/ARTISTIC.htmhttp://www.web.uvic.ca/~bthom1/Media/pdfs/ethnography/ARTISTIC.htm
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    ELDERS PROGRAMS

    B.C. Elders Communication Center Society http://www.bcelders.com

    Elders: Aboriginal Canada Portal http://www.aboriginalcanada.gc.ca/acp/site.nsf/eng/ao26873.html

    LFPress: http://www.lfpress.com/news/london/2011/01/31/17105796.html#/news/london/2011/01/31/

    pf-17105271.html

    Vancouver Youth and Elder program: http://www.vnhs.ca/programs/bridging_the_generations/index.html

    SD#22 Elder project http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/abed/elder_project_sd22.pdf Item in the news: http://

    thetyee.ca/News/2011/12/09/Elder-Project/

    SD#79 Elder project http://www.sd79.bc.ca/schools/chemainus_secondary/more/Site_2/Welcome_files/The%20Elder%20Project.pdf

    FIELDTRIP IDEAS

    Museum of Anthropology: http://www.moa.ubc.ca/programs/index.php

    Richmond Nature Park: First Nations Use of Bog Plants http://www.richmondnatureparksociety.ca/index.php?

    pr=Native_Plants

    X:ytem Longhouse Interpretive Centre (Sto:lo culture and history) Mission, B.C. http://www.mission.ca/

    community/attractions/things-to-do/xaytem-longhouse/

    Grouse Mountain Hiwus First Nations Cultural program: http://www.grousemountain.com/hiwus-first-nations

    Cultural Attractions: http://www.aboriginalbc.com/

    ADDITIONAL RESOURCES

    The Learning Circle

    The Learning Circle classroom guides are designed to help meet Canadian educators growing need for

    elementary-level learning exercises on First Nations. (See below for PDF links.)

    http://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/R32-195-2000-1E.pdfhttp://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/R32-195-2000-2E.pdfhttp://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/R72-278-2001E.pdfhttp://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/R72-279-2001E.pdf

    French copies:http://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/R32-195-1998F.pdfhttp://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/R72-278-2001F.pdfhttp://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/R72-279-2001F.pdf

    Shared Learnings, Integrating BC Aboriginal Content K-10. Aboriginal Education Enhancements Branch, B.C.

    Ministry of Education, 2006. This resource package is designed to provide teachers with guidance in

    integrating Aboriginal topics in all subject areas at an introductory level.

    http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/abed/shared.pdf

    http://www.joejack.com/coastsalishhistory.htmlhttp://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/R72-279-2001F.pdfhttp://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/R72-279-2001F.pdfhttp://www.joejack.com/coastsalishhistory.htmlhttp://www.joejack.com/coastsalishhistory.htmlhttp://www.joejack.com/coastsalishhistory.htmlhttp://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/R72-279-2001F.pdfhttp://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/R72-279-2001F.pdfhttp://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/R72-278-2001F.pdfhttp://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/R72-278-2001F.pdfhttp://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/R32-195-1998F.pdfhttp://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/R32-195-1998F.pdfhttp://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/R72-279-2001E.pdfhttp://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/R72-279-2001E.pdfhttp://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/R72-278-2001E.pdfhttp://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/R72-278-2001E.pdfhttp://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/R32-195-2000-2E.pdfhttp://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/R32-195-2000-2E.pdfhttp://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/R32-195-2000-1E.pdfhttp://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/R32-195-2000-1E.pdfhttp://www.aboriginalbc.com/http://www.aboriginalbc.com/http://www.grousemountain.com/hiwus-first-nationshttp://www.grousemountain.com/hiwus-first-nationshttp://www.mission.ca/community/attractions/things-to-do/xaytem-longhouse/http://www.mission.ca/community/attractions/things-to-do/xaytem-longhouse/http://www.mission.ca/community/attractions/things-to-do/xaytem-longhouse/http://www.mission.ca/community/attractions/things-to-do/xaytem-longhouse/http://www.richmondnatureparksociety.ca/index.php?pr=Native_Plantshttp://www.richmondnatureparksociety.ca/index.php?pr=Native_Plantshttp://www.richmondnatureparksociety.ca/index.php?pr=Native_Plantshttp://www.richmondnatureparksociety.ca/index.php?pr=Native_Plantshttp://www.moa.ubc.ca/programs/index.phphttp://www.moa.ubc.ca/programs/index.phphttp://www.sd79.bc.ca/schools/chemainus_secondary/more/Site_2/Welcome_files/The%20Elder%20Project.pdfhttp://www.sd79.bc.ca/schools/chemainus_secondary/more/Site_2/Welcome_files/The%20Elder%20Project.pdfhttp://www.sd79.bc.ca/schools/chemainus_secondary/more/Site_2/Welcome_files/The%20Elder%20Project.pdfhttp://www.sd79.bc.ca/schools/chemainus_secondary/more/Site_2/Welcome_files/The%20Elder%20Project.pdfhttp://thetyee.ca/News/2011/12/09/Elder-Project/http://thetyee.ca/News/2011/12/09/Elder-Project/http://thetyee.ca/News/2011/12/09/Elder-Project/http://thetyee.ca/News/2011/12/09/Elder-Project/http://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/abed/elder_project_sd22.pdfhttp://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/abed/elder_project_sd22.pdfhttp://www.vnhs.ca/programs/bridging_the_generations/index.htmlhttp://www.vnhs.ca/programs/bridging_the_generations/index.htmlhttp://www.lfpress.com/news/london/2011/01/31/17105796.html#http://www.lfpress.com/news/london/2011/01/31/17105796.html#http://www.aboriginalcanada.gc.ca/acp/site.nsf/eng/ao26873.htmlhttp://www.aboriginalcanada.gc.ca/acp/site.nsf/eng/ao26873.htmlhttp://www.bcelders.com/http://www.bcelders.com/
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    BIBLIOGRAPHY

    Ashwell, Reg. (2006). Coast Salish, Their Art and Culture. Surrey, B.C.:Hancock House Publishers Ltd.

    Benham, S. (2003). Being the other adapting to life in a culturally diverse classroom.Journal of MusicTeacher Education, 13(21), 21-32. doi:10.1177/ 10570837030130010104

    Brayboy, B. M. J. & Castagno, A. E., (2008). Culturally responsive schooling for Indigenous youth: a

    review of the literature.Review of Educational research, 78(4), 941-993. Doi:

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    Darts, D. (2006). Art education for a change: contemporary issues and the visual arts. Art Education,

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    Davis, J. H., (2008). Why our schools need the arts. New York, New York: Teachers College Press.

    Fowler, C. (1996). Strong arts, strong schools.New York, New York: Oxford University Press, Inc.

    Graham, M., & Zwirn, S. G. (2005). Crossing borders: the arts engage academics and inspire children.

    Childhood Education 81(5), 1-6. www.freepatentsonline.com/article/Childhood-Education.

    Ham, Leonard.An Archaeological Heritage Resource Overview of Richmond, B.C. (Heritage ConservationAct Permits 1986-19 and 1987-1) 1987.

    Heinzeleman, B. & Patterson, J. Indian Studies: Basketry and Weaving. Diss. The University of

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    Lee, T. (2007). Connecting academics, Indigenous Knowledge, and commitment to community: High

    school students perceptions of a community-based education. Canadian Journal of NativeEducation, 30(2), 196-216. http:/search.proquest.com/docview/230303285

    Letham, C. Art education and the Stlatlimx people of Lillooet: conversations with the Lilloet and a

    proposal for curriculum in art education. Diss. The University of British Columbia, 1996.

    Print.

    http://www.freepatentsonline.com/article/Childhood-Educationhttp:///search.proquest.com/docview/230303285http:///search.proquest.com/docview/230303285http://www.freepatentsonline.com/article/Childhood-Educationhttp://www.freepatentsonline.com/article/Childhood-Education
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    Maina, F. Culturally relevant pedagogy: First Nations education in Canada. Centre for the Study of

    curriculum and instruction. University of British Columbia. 293-310.

    Purnell, P. G., Ali, P., Begum, N. & Carter, M. (2007). Windows, bridges and mirrors: Building

    culturally responsive early childhood classrooms through the integration of literacy and the

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