Mixin’ with Nixon Understanding the Presidency of Richard M. Nixon.
Richard M. Nixon
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Transcript of Richard M. Nixon
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RICHARD M. NIXON
1969 - 1974
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NIXON AND THE ’70S
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THE ELECTION OF 1968
The 1968 presidential election marked a shift to the right in American politics.
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COUNTRY IS IN STAGFLATIONHIGH INFLATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT
Increasing women / teenagers = work force
Decline in new machinery
Government regulations cut proits
Vietnam = drained tax dollars = deficit spending
high Inflation / Unemployment
Oil prices up and America used all foreign oil
Raised Taxes and interest rates to stop it
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Vietnam War
The biggest foreign policy issues Nixon had to deal with during his presidency was dealing with the
Vietnam War
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NIXON - VIETNAM Knowledge of Foreign Policy
Preferred it over American policyNumber one priority was gaining peace in
Vietnam Thought U.S. should be able to run itself
Vietnamization Withdraw troops
Nixon Doctrine Honor existing commitments, but Asians / others would have
to fight their own wars w/o large bodies of U.S. troops
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Détente with Russia, China
President Nixon tours the Great Wall of China
One of Nixon’s foreign affairs goals was
friendlier relations with China and the Soviet
Union
Nixon and Kissinger developed a foreign
affairs policy known as détente, which means
cooperation
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DÉTENTE (POLICY OF EASING COLD WAR TENSIONS)
Visits China = February 1972Economic / diplomatic relations
Neither would dominate Pacific
Scientific / cultural exchanges
Reunite Taiwan with mainland
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DÉTENTE CONT.
Visits Moscow = May 1972 Sell food - $750 million worth – grain
SALT (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks) = freezing nuclear weapons5 years
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Détente with Russia
From 1972 to 1974, tensions between the U.S.
and the Soviet Union eased
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SUPREME COURT
Nixon appoints 4 conservative justicesTried to stop the “meddling”
Warren Court
Warren E. Burger = Burger Court Liberal rulings
Roe v. Wade (1973) Legalized abortion
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HOME FRONT
Increased entitlements Food Stamps Medicaid Supplemental Security Income (SSI) Increase in Social Security = Cost of LivingPhiladelphia Plan = Black apprentices
Hiring quotas = Affirmative Action
Opened opportunities for minorities / women
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HOME FRONT
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Earth Day
Clean Air Act of 1970
Endangered species Act of 1973
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HOME FRONT CONT.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Working Conditions
Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) Harmful products
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Election of 1972
Nixon re-elected in a rout
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The Pentagon PapersIn 1971, a former Defense Department worker leaked what were known as the Pentagon Papers to the New York TimesThe documents showed how
our leaders had deceived
Congress, the media, and the public about how the war was going
The government had not been honest with the American people
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ENERGY CRISIS
Yom Kippur War = October 1973 Syrians / Egyptians = surprise attack on Israel
Regain territory – Six Day War
Kissinger – Sec. of State Flew to Moscow – restrain / arming attackers
$2 Billion in war materials sent to Israelis
Cease fire – diplomacy
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ENERGY CRISIS CONT. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
OPEC = 1960 Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, Iran, and Venezuela
Gradually raising prices
Embargo on oil shipment to U.S. Shortage = Energy Crisis = price
1974 Resumed selling Price quadrupled
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NIXON AND WATERGATE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8MwsORIyko0
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What was Watergate?Watergate was one
of the largest political scandals in the history of
the United States
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What was Watergate?
The Watergate scandal occurred when the Republicans were caught
spying on the Democrats at the Democratic Headquarters
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What was Watergate?
Watergate became a major scandal when President Nixon lied about his
role in the break-in and tried to cover it up
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WATERGATE CONT.
Senate Committee Hearings Televised Nixon denies knowledge Obstructing justice?? Tape recorded Oval office conversations
Nixon refused to hand over tapes “I am not a crook” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U5tgrssDn1w
Saturday Night Massacre = Oct. 20, 1973 Fired his prosecutor
Fired Attorney General, and Deputy Attorney General
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WATERGATE CONT.
Spring 1974 Agrees to release a portion
of tapes ( were edited) Obscenities
July 24, 1974 Supreme Court
Ruled = turn over all tapes Gaps??
3 subpoenaed tapes June 23, 1972 Conversation
with Chief Aide
Smoking Gun tape 6 days after Watergate
New about it Ordered CIA to hold back
inquiry by FBI Cover-up
House Judiciary Committee Impeachment
Obstruction of justice Abuse of power Contempt of Congress
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NIXON RESIGNS August 8, 1974
Nixon convinced to Resign before he could be impeached
Televised http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZEOGJJ7UKFM
Constitution works Cleaned its own house
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On August 9, 1974, Richard Nixon became the first American
president to resign
Nixon Resigns
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AFTERMATH OF WATERGATE
Gerald Ford became the nation’s 37th president. More than 30 government officials went to prison for
their role in Watergate. Nixon was not one of them. In September 1974, Ford gave Nixon a full pardon. There was a public distrust of the government that
continues to this day.
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GERALD FORD1974 - 1977
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UNELECTED PRESIDENT
Gerald Ford = August 1974 Selected, not elected
Pardons Nixon Democrats outraged
tried to Fix economy by Conserving “WIN” = Whip Inflation Now
Recession Worst in 40 years
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BICENTENNIAL CAMPAIGN Election 1976
Republicans = Gerald Ford
Democrats = James Carter “Jimmy” Peanut farmer Former Governor of Georgia Baptist “I’ll never lie to you”
Carter wins 297 to 240 = 51%
of popular vote Democratic
majority