Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation...

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Transcript of Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation...

Page 1: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates
Page 2: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates
Page 3: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates
Page 4: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates
Page 5: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates
Page 6: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates
Page 7: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates

Pheromone Elicits Discrete Behavior

Page 8: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates
Page 9: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates

TitleDifferent Sensory Modalities Employ Receptor Repertoires of Vastly Different Size

Page 10: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates
Page 11: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates
Page 12: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates

Odor Quality Encoded By Spatial Pattern of Activation

cherry

lemon

Page 13: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates

MOR28 Protein is Present in the Axon TerminalCytoplasmic Extracellular

Page 14: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates

Receptor Governs Formation Of The Olfactory Sensory Map

Page 15: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates

Singular Expression of OR Genes

EEnTTransgene

Endogenous

Page 16: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates
Page 17: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates
Page 18: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates

Cloning mice from a P2 sensory neuron nucleus

OMP CREIRES Rosa26 loxP STOP loxPX Weak GFPWeak GFP

GFPGFPX P2 IRES

Page 19: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates

Cloning mice from a sensory neuron nucleus

Nuclear Transfer Blastocysts ES Cells

Inject TetraploidBlastocysts

Page 20: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates

Expression of the P2 IRES GFP allele in P2 clones

Page 21: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates
Page 22: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates
Page 23: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates
Page 24: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates

An Olfactory Sensory Map in the Antennal Lobe

Page 25: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates

A Topographic Map of Odor Quality

Page 26: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates

G-CaMP: a Calcium Sensitive Fluorescent Protein

Page 27: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates
Page 28: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates

Glomerular Response to Odor Stimulation at 2% SV

Ethyl hexanoate Isoamyl acetate

Page 29: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates

Conserved Glomerular Patterns in Different Animals

Page 30: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates

Stress Odors: Drosophila Alarm Response?

Benzer, Anderson, Axel

Page 31: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates

Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO2

C761: G-CaMP

Page 32: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates

A Single Glomerulus Mediates the Behavioral Response to CO2

+CO20.1 ml

+CO20.05 ml

+CO20.02 ml

CSShaken

Gr21a-Gal4UAS-Shits

Gr21a-Gal4

PI a

void

ance

(%)

Page 33: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates

Glomerular Response to Caproic Acid and Pyridine

Caproic Acid

Pyridine

Page 34: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates

Calcium Influx Correlates to Robust Neuronal Firing

Time (sec)

Page 35: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates
Page 36: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates

Expression of CD8-GFP in Single Projection Neurons

Page 37: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates

Different Projection Neurons Show Distinct Patterns in the Protocerebrum

Page 38: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates

Maintenance of a Spatial Map in the Protocerebrum

Page 39: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates

Mapping the Fly Olfactory System

Page 40: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates

Convergence of Glomerular Information

Page 41: Richard Axel - Lecture Slides - Nobel Prize · 2020-02-05 · Benzer, Anders on, Axel. Activation of the V glomerulus by Stress Odor and CO 2 C761: G-CaMP. A Single Glomerulus Mediates