Rice-fish integration for high saline areas of the coastal zone of Bangladesh: learning from CPWF
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Transcript of Rice-fish integration for high saline areas of the coastal zone of Bangladesh: learning from CPWF
Rice-‐fish integra/on for high saline areas of the coastal zone of Bangladesh: learning from CPWF
S B Saha, K A Kabir, M K Mondal, M Karim P L C Paul, M Phillips, E Humphreys, T P Tuong
BANGLADESH
Salinity fluctuates from high in dry season to very low in rainy season
Research site
3
Satellite image of the developed pond complex
Tradi/onal ghers
Tradi/onal ghers
407-‐870 m2
Pond complex (24 ponds)
Research Objective
4
Drain/Intake canal around every gher
Ponds
In-‐house nursery
24 ponds of different sizes (407-870 m2) have been constructed with water inlet system. Canals (100cm wide x 50cm deep) have been excavated surrounding the periphery of each pond. One nursery complex with six small sized ponds (3 in-house and 3 outside) was also constructed.
Aquaculture treatments (4 reps)
Treatm
ents
Cultu
re
paUerns
2012 2013
Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 3 Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 3
Farmer’s prac/ce Poly
Shrimp + different sp of fish (mul/ple stocking &
harves/ng)
Shrimp + different sp of fish (mul/ple stocking &
harves/ng)
Improved prac/ce 1 Mono Shrimp Tilapia
Prawn (+rice)
Shrimp Shrimp
Tengra (+rice)
Improved prac/ce 2
Poly Shrimp
Tilapia Tilapia Tengra
Prawn Tengra (+rice)
Shrimp Tilapia
Shrimp Tilapia
Tilapia Tengra (+rice)
Managed by farmers
Rice-aquaculture system Therefore 2 water depth treatments (50 cm & 70 cm) in rice-aquaculture system, both seasons
Saline water needs to be drained in July to allow leaching of salt by rainfall prior to rice transplanting Higher brackish water aquaculture production if saline water is kept for longer Need shallow water after transplanting rice (<20 cm) This is very shallow for aquaculture (importance of trenches) Better rice productivity with shallower water Better aquaculture productivity with deeper water
Some tradeoffs for rice & aquaculture system
Management
Prac/ce Farmer’s Prac/ce
Improved 1 & 2
Liming 200 kg ha-‐1 200 kg ha-‐1
Water filtering Unfiltered Filtered Predatory Fish Not eradicated Eradicated Disinfec/on No disinfecBon Disinfected Fer/liza/on No ferBlizer FerBlizer & dolomite Shrimp seed Not PCR tested PCR tested Feed No feed Feeding Water replenishment When needed When needed Post stocking fer/liza/on Very insufficient When primary
producBon is low Fish seed Some wild All from hatcheries
Observed depth of water of 50 cm depth ponds
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 14
28
42
56
70
84
97
111
125
139
153
167
180
194
208
222
236
250
264
278
Depth of flat area (cm)
7 March
Farmer's prac/ce Monoculture Polyculture
Rice planta/on
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1 14
28
42
56
70
84
98
112
126
140
154
168
182
196
210
224
238
252
Depth of flat area (cm)
Days of culture 14 M
arch
Farmer's prac/ce Monculture Polyculture Rice planta/on
2012
2013
Cycle 1
Cycle 2
Cycle 3
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
1 14
28
42
56
70
84
98
112
126
140
154
168
182
196
210
224
238
252
Depth of flat area (cm)
Days of Culture 14 M
arch
Farmer's prac/ce Monculture Polyculture
Rice planta/on
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 14
28
42
56
70
84
97
111
125
139
153
167
180
194
208
222
236
250
264
278 De
pth of flat area (cm)
7 March
Farmer's prac/ce Monoculture Polyculture
Rice planta/on
Observed depth of water of 70 cm depth ponds
2012
2013
Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 3
Salinity of water of 50 cm depth ponds
0
5
10
15
20
25
1 14
28
42
56
70
84
97
111
125
139
153
167
180
194
208
222
236
250
264
278
Salin
ity (p
pt)
7 March
Farmer's prac/ce Monoculture Polyculture 2012
0
5
10
15
20
25
1 14
28
42
56
70
84
98
112
126
140
154
168
182
196
210
224
238
252
Salin
ity (p
pt)
Days of culture 14 M
arch
Farmer's prac/ce Monculture Polyculture
2013
Cycle 1
Cycle 2 Cycle 3
Salinity of water of 70 cm depth ponds
0
5
10
15
20
25
1 14
28
42
56
70
84
97
111
125
139
153
167
180
194
208
222
236
250
264
278
Salin
ity (p
pt)
7 March
Farmer's prac/ce Monoculture Polyculture 2012
2013
Cycle 1
Cycle 2 Cycle 3
0
5
10
15
20
25
1 14
28
42
56
70
84
98
112
126
140
154
168
182
196
210
224
238
252
Salin
ity (p
pt)
Days of Culture 14 M
arch
Farmer's prac/ce Monculture Polyculture
Findings 2012
Production (kg/ha) 2012
Culture pattern
Cycle-1 (91 days)
Cycle-2 (71days)
Cycle-3 (99 days) Total
Shrimp Tilapia Tengra Tilapia Prawn Fish *Shrimp Fish
Farmer’s 50 cm
278 days 241.82a 520.40a
Farmer’s 70 cm
262.91a 428.53b
Mono 50 cm
168.05 -‐ -‐ 2273.10 217.97 - 386.02b 2273.09c
Mono 70 cm
233.87 -‐ -‐ 2642.41 279.79 - 513.66c 2756.32d
Poly 50 cm
216.31 2122.18 95.67 830.30 147.24
97.98 363.55c 3146.29e
Poly 70 cm
321.04 1704.52 94.00 1411.47 161.96 157.84 483.00c 3387.83e
*Shrimp + prawn * Figures with different superscript in the same column differ significantly
Cost and return
“50 cm” “70 cm “
Farmer's prac/ce Monoculture
Polyculture Farmer's prac/ce Monoculture
Polyculture
Total variable cost
230
312
377
225
370
395
Total Return
215
428
522
210
672
661
Gross margin
-‐15 a
85b
145d
-‐15a
302c
266c
G margin (minus LABOR -‐ LAND)
70
208
205
70
395
350
Profitability of aquaculture (Tk x 1000 ha-‐1 ) 2012 (includes farmer labour & land lease value)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
BR11 BR47 BR54 Jotai Kumri Morichsail
Yield (kg/ha
)
Varie/es
ProducBon of Aman Rice 2012
Yield of HYV aman rice in ghers under different ferBlizer management 2012
0
500
1000
1500
2000
No F Basal Recom No F Basal Recom No F Basal Recom
BR11 BR47 BR54
Yield (kg/ha
)
Characteris/cs of soil in rice aquaculture system 2012
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
EC (dS/m) P (µg/g)
Before stocking (Feb.) Before rice plantaBon (Aug,) A^er complete harvest (Dec.)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
OM (%) K (me/100 g) N (%)
Before stocking (Feb.) Before rice plantaBon (Aug,) A^er complete harvest (Dec.)
Findings 2013
Production (kg/ha) 2013
Culture pattern
Cycle-1 (70 days)
Cycle-2 (50days)
Cycle-3 (99 days) Total
Shrimp Tilapia Shrimp Tilapia Tengra Tilapia Shrimp Fish Farmer’s
50 cm 259 days 473.00a 673.98a
Farmer’s 70 cm
338.10b 744.48a
Mono 50 cm
388.67 -‐ 271.43 -‐ 923.00 - 617.57c 923.00b
Mono 70 cm
501.52 -‐ 309.34 -‐ 686.41 - 810.86d 686.41a
Poly 50 cm
360.17 1625.68 231.83 515.77 339.50 711.25 589.00c 3452.20c
Poly 70 cm
381.52 1624.30 255.54 652.36 323.25 1012.14 637.06c 3612.18c
Figures with different superscript in the same column differ significantly
Cost and return
“50 cm” “70 cm “
Farmer's prac/ce
Mono-‐culture
Polyculture Farmer's prac/ce Monoculture
Polyculture
Total
variable cost
215
254
382
215
257
377
Total Return
225 485 545 407 385 547
Gross margin
-‐10a 230c 163d 76b 149d 170d
GM (minus LABOR LAND)
93 315 248 59 234 255
Profitability of aquaculture (Tk x 1000 ha-‐1 ) 2013 (includes farmer labour & land lease value)
ProducBon of Aman Rice 2013
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
BR47 BR54 Jotai
Yield (kg ha
-‐1)
Impact of rice on fish production
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Cat fish Cat fish + /lapia
Prod
uc/o
n (k
g ha
-‐1)
With rice
Without rice
Production (kg/ha) 2012 vs 2013
Culture pattern
Shrimp Fish
2012 2013 2012 2013
Farmer’s 50 cm
242 243 520 674
Farmer’s 70 cm
263 338 428 744
Mono 50 cm
386 618 2273 923
Mono 70 cm
514 811 2756 686
Poly 50 cm
492 589 3146 3452
Poly 70 cm
483 637 3369 3612
Key challenges Markets • Scarcity of quality shrimp and fish seed • Lack of quality feed in local market
Aquaculture management • Preven/on of escaping cat fish through dikes • Low stocking of caoish • Aqua/c weed control
Community • Poor feeder canal for gravita/onal water exchange (need community system)
• Poaching risk increases (need to increase produc/vity of all ghers to lessen preda/on of individual gher – share the preda/on more evenly!)
Other improvements
You can make your saline gher dike green and environment friendly by adding trees
Other improvements
Vegetable can be grown on saline gher dikes during wet season
Other improvements
Local variety of grass grows very well on saline gher dikes which can be used as fodder
Conclusion q Both produc/on and income is higher in improved culture system,
though investment is higher in improved system. q Produc/on of both shrimp and fish is higher in higher water depth
ponds and depth showed no significant impact on rice. q Polyculture system is more resilient than monoculture system. q There is scope of increasing stocking density of tengra for increasing
produc/on. q Short dura/on culture of shrimp appears less risky. q The local variety Jatai and BRRI dhan54 could be a good op/on in
brackishwater gher on aspect of yield performance. q Aquaculture interven/on increases nutrients of soil, which has a
significant role in increasing rice produc/on. q Addi/onal fer/liza/on showed no posi/ve impact on rice
produc/on in rice-‐aquaculture system. q Introduc/on of rice has no adverse impact on the produc/on of fish. q Integra/on of hor/culture and fodder in dikes would earn addi/onal
income.