Rice Farming, May 2014

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www.ricefarming.com

ONE GROWERPUBLISHING, LLC

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MAY 2014

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C O L U M N S

From The Editor 4Leadership: ‘A long-range perspective’

USA Rice 6FederationMore than threebillion reasons

Rice Producers 12ForumBrazil as ‘exporterplayer?’

Specialists 16SpeakingDisease Management

Industry News 21Rice business scene

Calendar 22

www.ricefarming.com Vol. 48, No. 6

C O V E R S T O R Y

ON THE COVER:As rice season begins,aerial applicators are indemand in the MS Delta.

Photo by Dr. Joe Massey

F E A T U R E S

D E P A R T M E N T S

Producers Pete, left, and Chico Williams keep rice in the mix in the MS Delta.

Rice Farming's editorial advisory board is composed of producers Abbott Meyers of Dundee,Miss.; Linda Raun of El Campo, Texas; Kevin Berken of Thornwell, La.; George Costa of

Maxwell, Calif.; Ken Minton of Dexter, Mo.; and Terry Gray of Delaplaine, Ark. RepresentingExtension is Dr. John Saichuk, Louisiana State University rice specialist.

May 2014

RICE FARMING • MAY 2014 3

‘Navigable’Waterways’When is a hammernot a hammer, butstill a hammer?’

5

On-The-FarmRice DryingManagement techniquesdiffer from commercialdrying.

13

8

Lakeland Planting Co.

ArkansasWater ProjectDeliveries willsupplement on-farm irrigation.

20Look for the Soybean South supplement fol-lowing page 12 in the Texas, Arkansas,Louisiana, Mississippi and Missouri versionsof Rice Farming.

Nominations Open

2014 RiceAwardsSee page 15

8

Lakeland Planting Co.

3TOC0514v4_RF 11/13 template 5/5/14 10:46 AM Page 3

Warren G. Bennis says, “Leadership is the capac-

ity to translate vision into reality” and describes a

leader as having a “long-range perspective.”

Bennis is known as an American scholar, organi-

zational consultant, an author and an expert in the

field of leadership studies. He has been an advisor

to several United States presidents, including John

F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan, and served as a

consultant for numerous Fortune 500 companies. In

one of his bestselling books On Becoming aLeader, published in 1989, Bennis says a leader must be “a combination of

experience, self-knowledge and personal ethics.”

Of course, Bennis is not the only person or group of people to recognize

the importance of promoting leadership. In the agriculture industry, for

example, there are many successful leadership programs that groom upcom-

ing leaders to learn how to “translate vision into reality” and develop a

“long-range perspective.”

The Rice Leadership Development Program is considered by many to be

the “gold standard” in developing leaders within the rice industry.

According to the USA Rice Federation, “The Rice Leadership

Development Program gives future leaders a comprehensive understanding

of the rice industry, with an emphasis on personal development and commu-

nication skills. The class attends four one-week sessions over a two-year

period that encompasses studies of all aspects of the rice industry through

firsthand observations. They also attend seminars and workshops designed

to strengthen leadership skills. A special committee of rice industry and

agribusiness leaders evaluate applications, letters of recommendation, as

well as conduct personal interviews to determine the five rice producers and

two individuals from rice-industry related professions who will make up the

Rice Leadership Development Class.”

The program is funded by grants from John Deere, RiceTec and

American Commodity Company to the Rice Foundation. USA Rice devel-

ops and manages the program. During the Awards Luncheon at the 2013

USA Rice Outlook Conference, Marvin Cochran, chairman of the Rice

Foundation, said, “The caliber of applicants made choosing this year’s class

especially difficult, and that’s a problem the rice industry likes to have.”

Cochran also encouraged those who were not selected for the 2014 class to

re-apply to the program this year. Cochran, himself, is an alumni of this

prestigious program, which is managed by the ever-popular Chuck Wilson,

who is affiliated with the USA Rice Federation.

To learn more about applying to the program, please visit

www.usarice.com and click on Leadership Program Information. I person-

ally encourage anyone who is interested in keeping our industry vibrant and

viable to make a commitment to become a leader in rice.

EDITORIAL/PRODUCTION

EditorCarroll Smith

[email protected]

Copy EditorAmanda Huber

[email protected]

Art DirectorCarol Watson

[email protected]

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Publisher/Vice PresidentLia Guthrie (901) [email protected]

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Production ManagerKathy Killingsworth (800) 888-9784

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For circulation changesor change of address, call

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RICEFARMING

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RICE FARMING (ISSN 0194-0929) is publishedmonthly January through May, and Decem ber, for$25.00 per year by One Grower Publishing LLC,1010 June Road, Suite 102, Memphis, TN 38119.Period icals postage paid at Memphis, TN. POST-MASTER: Send address changes to SUNBELTFULLFILLMENT SERVICES, 307 SOUTHGATECOURT, Brentwood, TN 37027-7987. Internationalrates are $55.00 Canada/Mexico, $90.00 all othercountries for Air-Speeded Delivery. (Surface deliverynot available due to problems in reliability.) $5.00single copy.

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© Copyright 2014

Leadership:A ‘long-range perspective’

FROM THE EDITOR

Mike Lamensdorf PRESIDENT/TREASURER

Lia Guthrie PUBLISHER/VICE PRESIDENT

ONE GROWERPUBLISHING, LLC

One Grower Publishing, LLC1010 June Road, Suite 102, Memphis, Tennessee, 38119

Phone: 901-767-4020

Send your comments to: Editor, Rice Farming Magazine, 1010 JuneRoad, Suite 102, Memphis, Tenn., 38119. Call (901) 767-4020 or [email protected].

4 RICE FARMING • MAY 2014

4EditorNote0514v1.qxp_RF 11/13 template 5/7/14 4:07 PM Page 4

Most of us would agree that

our government has a unique

way of couching its rules and

regulations, sometimes in a

manner that many of us might find a little

confusing.

Back in the late 1980s, a U.S. airman

brought to his commander’s attention that

the government appeared to be paying $435

each for hammers included as part of an air-

craft maintenance contract. The concerned

commander reviewed the contract, but could

find no such line item.

The next day he confronted the airman,

explaining he could find no hammers in the

contract. “That’s because

they’re not called hammers,

sir,” the airman replied.

“They’re included in the

structural repair kits and

they’re called ‘sheet metal

adjustment tools.’”

Indeed, the hammer was

included in a long list of

items that made up the

repair kits. The hammer

was listed as “adjustment

tool, sheet metal, aircraft.”

When confronted, the sup-

plier told the Air Force panel investigating the

incident he was only following government

descriptions of the products he sought to sup-

ply. He said the government’s contractor

requirements prohibited COTS, or “com-

mercial off the shelf items” to be included

in such sensitive military contracts. So ham-

mer was changed to sheet metal adjustment

tool. Its price tag was in fact $435.

Unworkable Regulations On FarmsWhy do I bring this up? Because the EPA

is planning to bring down another hammer on

U.S. businesses, agriculture in particular,

with a proposed ruling that impacts “navi-

gable” waterways. Like the aircraft hammer

incident in which the “government hammer,”

while not a hammer, was still in fact a ham-

mer, cost taxpayers hundreds of thousands

of dollars, this new ruling by the EPA will do

the exact same thing.

It seems that drainage ditch in front of your

house is now a navigable waterway in the

eyes of the EPA. That’s right, the same way

the EPA considers the Mississippi River a

navigable waterway. It’s another example of

government complexity (when is a hammer

not a hammer, but still a hammer?) that will

impact a farmer’s ability to do his job.

Recently, the American Farm Bureau Fed-

eration asked its members to resist a pro-

posed rule from the Environmental Protection

Agency it said will impose unworkable reg-

ulations on the nation’s farms, especially

those which contain water bodies.

Published April 21 in the Federal Register,

the 111,000-word “Waters of the U.S.” pro-

posed rule reflects the EPA’s latest interpre-

tation of the 1972 Clean Water Act. The rule

could ultimately lead to the unlawful expan-

sion of federal regulation to cover routine

farming and ranching practices as well as

other common private land uses, such as

home building.

“This rule is an end-run around congres-

sional intent and rulings by the U.S. Supreme

Court alike,” said AFBF President Bob Stall-

man. “Congress and the courts have said the

50 states, not the EPA, have power to decide

how farming and other land uses should be

restricted. It’s time to ditch this rule.”

Among other things, the rule would expand

federal control over land features such as

ditches and areas of agricultural land that are

wet only during storms. Those ditches, if

they hold water for a certain number of days,

could be considered navigable and subject

to onerous aspects of the Clean Water Act.

The EPA said its new rule “clarifies” the

scope of the Clean Water Act. However,

EPA’s clarification is achieved by categori-

cally classifying most water features and even

dry land as “the waters of the United States.”

When I was a kid, we used to float on inner

tubes in some of our bigger ditches when we

had heavy rains, but never once did I see a

tugboat pass me along the way.

No Meaningful Protection If carried out, ordinary fieldwork, fence

construction or even planting could require a

federal EPA permit. The result will be a wave

of new regulation or outright

prohibitions on routine farming

practices and other land uses.

“Congress, not federal agen-

cies, writes the laws of the land,”

Stallman said. “When Congress

wrote the Clean Water Act, it

clearly intended for the law to

apply to navigable waters. Is a

small ditch navigable? Is a stock

pond navigable? We really don’t

think so, and Farm Bureau

members are going to be send-

ing that message to Washington

loud and clear.”

The EPA contends that an entire set of

exemptions will protect many farmers from

the burdensome new rule. But Stallman coun-

tered that those exemptions will only apply to

farming that has been ongoing since the

1970s, not new or expanded farms.

“The EPA exemptions offer no meaning-

ful protection for the hundreds of thousands

of farmers and ranchers whose operations

and livelihoods are threatened by this expan-

sion of EPA’s regulatory reach,” Stallman

said. “The only thing that is clear and cer-

tain is that, under this rule, it will be more

difficult for private landowners to farm and

ranch, build homes or make changes to the

land. This is pure and simply wrong, and it is

why we need to ditch the rule.”

“The President’s Column” by the LouisianaFarm Bureau Federation, April 28, 2014.

‘Navigable’ Waterways‘When is a hammer not a hammer, but still a hammer?’


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5nav watersRF0514v4.qxp_RF 11/13 template 5/1/14 3:51 PM Page 5


Last year, the USA Rice Federation

and Ducks Unlimited (DU)

formed a groundbreaking stew-

ardship partnership to promote

the conservation and enhancement of

working rice lands and waterfowl habitat.

One of the hallmark products of that

partnership was a study of the biological

and economic contributions rice habitats

make to waterfowl populations. And the

results of the study – while no surprise to

rice farmers – made news in April when

we held a joint press conference at the

USDA headquarters in Washington, D.C.

The study, authored by Ducks Unli-

mited’s Dr. Mark Petrie for The Rice

Foundation, found that rice lands and

waterfowl are inextricably linked, and that

putting a price tag on the relationship

quickly escalates into billions of dollars.

“The capital costs of replacing these rice

[field] habitats with managed wet-

lands…approaches $3.5 billion,” the report

says. And this does not include annual

operation and maintenance costs – current-

ly borne by rice producers – that are esti-

mated to be at least $73 million.

The purpose of the report was to clearly

and scientifically demonstrate the value

working rice lands have beyond simply the

nutritious commodity farmers produce for

our tables. And it does so quite effectively.

So if rice farmers were well aware of

this value, where’s the news?

The news goes back to the recently

passed Farm Bill and the newly created

Regional Conservation Partnership

Programs (RCPP), which we think will be

highly valuable to rice farmers.

As U.S. farm policy continues to

emphasize conservation programs as a sig-

nificant component, RCPP is the next logi-

cal step to further leverage the Environ-

mental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP)

and Conservation Stewardship Programs

(CSP) you are no doubt familiar with.

All of these programs present outstand-

ing opportunities for rice farmers to

receive credit they are due for sound envi-

ronmental practices they already employ,

and offer resources to expand these prac-

tices and provide even more benefits.

USA Rice – DU PartnershipIt’s crucial to note that central to these

programs – and we wouldn’t support them

if it was not – is the policy that participat-

ing land be working rice land.

Our partnership is based on the belief

that there can be social and environmental

benefits to managing rice lands in a certain

way. But, at the end of the day, if there is

no economic benefit to managing rice

lands that way, then farmers won’t be able

to do it – nor should we expect them to.

We are pleased with our partnership;

we’ve received accolades from policymak-

ers and lawmakers in Washington, and

now we are armed with scientific and eco-

nomic data demonstrating some of the

value behind our partnership.

We encourage you to learn more about

how you can use the USA Rice – DU

Stewardship Partnership to enhance your

use of best management practices, use the

natural relationship between ducks

and rice to secure more resources

for your farm and improve your productiv-

ity and profitability with proven

conservation practices.

For more information about USA RiceFederation and Ducks Unlimited, visitwww.usarice.com and www.ducks.org.

RICE FEDERATION UPDATE

By Betsy WardPresident and CEO

USA Rice Federationand

Dale HallCEO

Ducks Unlimited

America’s rice farms are a good bet for conservation.

More than three billion reasons

MIK

E C

HEC

KETT

, DU

CKS

UN

LIM

ITED

6USA RiceRF0514v4.qxp_RF 11/13 template 5/5/14 10:22 AM Page 6

Paul SquiresSquires Ag Consulting, Inc.Yuba City, Calif.

I worked on several rice farms while in college and as a field scoutfor John Taylor Fertilizers. During my last year of college, I acquiredmy PCA license and started to build a reputation and client list. Theone word that describes how I got into the business of rice consultingis “opportunity.” Great people and leadership gave me a chance.

At the beginning of May, rice growers are hustling to prepare thesoil, optimize fertilizer and chemical options and communicate theirintentions and opportunities after a long winter of unknowns. Wehave been under an assumption for months that a 40 percent waterallocation was a real possibility. Today, we are expecting a 75 percentallocation and are more educated on the real value of the commoditythat makes the industry what it is; water is the dictator that is painfullyshowing California agriculture who is important.

Weed pressure in 2014 will be a continuation of the past years ofadaptation. Weed species that used to be in the background are join-ing watergrass and others in the foreground. Sprangletop hasbecome a part of the discussion now. Creative combinations of herbi-cides and methods of application improve our ability to manage thedifficult and evolving presence of weeds that we face in an aquaticenvironment. Unfortunately, air applications of Clincher CA for controlof watergrass and sprangletop are limited due to issues with sur-rounding crops. Clincher CA is effective, safer to a rice crop thanother options and works well with stand establishment practices.Alternative ground applications are used with patience and timelywater management. Fortunately, we have Granite GR, Cerano andRegiment to help with our rotations.

The majority of my time spent on a rice crop is focused on the first20 days after planting. Water management during that time can dic-tate the crop’s yield potential and pest management results for therest of the year. In regard to fertility, delayed applications of starterfertilizer programs have been a management approach to reducingpopulations of Nostoc, commonly referred to as “scum.” I also see abenefit to the delayed application if a field is drained to establish astand or for a herbicide application of Clincher CA or Abolish that mayexpose the soil to enough oxygen to create a loss of applied nitrogen.Timing depends on how comfortable I am that the rice will remainabove water without developing scum or algae that could be encour-aged by the application, generally around 20 days after seeding.

Patrick Smith, a world champion cowboy, said, “It is not what weget by achieving our goals, it is what we become.” California growershave become more educated, prepared, flexible and understanding inthe process of maintaining our business and a way of life that benefitsothers. Feeding the world is a noble occupation. All agricultural indus-tries that contribute to the cause should be proud.

1. Weed species that used to be in the background are joiningwatergrass and others in the foreground. Sprangletop hasbecome a part of the discussion now.

2. Unfortunately, air applications of Clincher CA for control ofwatergrass and sprangletop are limited due to issues withsurrounding crops. Clincher CA is effective, safer to a rice cropthan other options and works well with stand establishmentpractices. Alternative ground applications are used withpatience and timely water management. Fortunately, we haveGranite GR, Cerano and Regiment to help with our rotations.

3. Water management in the first 20 days after planting candictate the crop’s yield potential and pest management resultsfor the rest of the year.

4. Delayed applications of starter fertilizer programs have helpedreduce populations of Nostoc. Delayed applications also arebeneficial if a field is drained to establish a stand or for aherbicide application of Clincher CA or Abolish that may exposethe soil to enough oxygen to create a loss of applied nitrogen.

Recap: First 20 Days After Planting Are Key ▼

• B.S. degree in Agricultural Business – Chico State

• Pest Control Adviser for 20 years, 12 years as an independentconsultant. Consults on rice, tomatoes, alfalfa, corn, wheat,sunflower, almonds and beans

• Director of California Association of Pest Control Advisors(CAPCA); and California Rice Marketers

• Member of National Alliance of Independent Crop Consultants;local advisory committee member of Farm Credit West

• Class 37 – California Agricultural Leadership Program

• Married to wife, Tami. Two children: Ty, 4; and Elle, two weeks

• Enjoys team roping outside of family and business interests.“Horses don’t allow you to have other hobbies.”

First 20 Days AfterPlanting Are Key

Rice Consultant’s Corner

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Linus ReganGreenPoint AGMorse, La.

After graduating from Louisiana State University in 1979, I farmedrice, soybeans, crawfish and raised cattle for 28 years. In 2006, I wentto work for a southwest Louisiana agricultural retail business, whichlater became known as GreenPoint AG. Today, I consult primarily onrice and soybeans.

Although the rice crop got off to a slow start last year because ofthe cold weather, most of our farmers did really well in the end. Someof them had their best yields ever, probably because there was lessdisease pressure. This year, dry-seeded rice planting was delayedbecause of wet weather, and the rice has been slow to emergebecause of the cool nights. Most of the medium grain rice waswater-seeded.

Control Weeds, Insects And DiseaseThe main weed problems we have here in southwest Louisiana are

fall panicum, sprangletop and yellow nutsedge. Like the rice, theseweeds have been slow to emerge because of the cold weather, and weare controlling them with RebelEX and Herbivore herbicides. We liketo take care of weeds: the earlier, the better, before they get too big.For sprangletop and fall panicum escapes, we come back withClincher herbicide.

To help control water weevils, practically every acre is planted withDermacor-treated seed. Because of the cool weather, disease pres-sure wasn’t as big a problem last year as it was the year before. Thetop diseases in our area are sheath blight, blast and cercospora. Forthe best results, we recommend putting out a preventative fungicideapplication, such as Quilt Xcel or Gem, at the proper time – earlybooting. Also, Sercadis fungicide, which is fully labeled this year, iseffective on strobilurin-resistant sheath blight. Some farmers like toapply Sercadis along with a propiconazole fungicide, too.

Nitrogen Stabilizer Is KeyAs for fertility, I believe it’s important to put out your nitrogen on

dry ground with a nitrogen stabilizer, such as Agrotain. I’ve seen adefinite yield increase with this approach.

As we are getting into the 2014 growing season, I would tell ricefarmers to take good care of their crop. Pay close attention to watermanagement and timing of nitrogen applications. Take care of anyproblem weeds early and apply a fungicide to prevent disease fromadversely affecting your yield.

1.The main weed problems we have here in southwest Louisianaare fall panicum, sprangletop and yellow nutsedge. Like the rice, these weeds have been slow to emerge because of the coldweather, and we are controlling them with RebelEX andHerbivore herbicides.

2. For sprangletop and fall panicum escapes, we come back withClincher herbicide.

3.To help control water weevils, practically every acre is plantedwith Dermacor-treated seed.

4.The top diseases in our area are sheath blight, blast andcercospora. For the best results, we recommend putting outa preventative fungicide application, such as Quilt Xcel or Gem,at the proper time – early booting.

5.Sercadis fungicide, which is fully labeled this year, is effectiveon strobilurin-resistant sheath blight.

6. I believe it’s important to put out your nitrogen on dry groundwith a nitrogen stabilizer, such as Agrotain. I’ve seen a definiteyield increase with this approach.

Recap: Take Care Of Your Crop – Start To Finish ▼

• B.S. in Agricultural Business – Louisiana State University

• Consults primarily on rice and soybeans

• Member of Louisiana Farm Bureau Federation

• Sits on Acadia Parish Farm Bureau Board of Directors

• Graduate of the LSU Agricultural Leadership DevelopmentProgram

• Married to wife, Anne Breaux Regan, for 35 years

• Four grown children: Jennifer, Jeffrey, Adam and Emily.Seven grandchildren and one on the way

• Enjoys hunting, fishing and family get-togethers

Take Care Of YourCrop From StartTo Finish

Rice Consultant’s Corner

Dow7VBv4.qxp_CF 11/13 template 5/7/14 1:29 PM Page 7


After graduating from Mississippi State University (MSU),

Chico and Pete Williams returned to the family farming

operation near Hollandale, Miss. Their grandfather, Leo

Williams established the farm in the early 1940s and was

later joined by his son, Leo Williams, Jr. They were primarily cotton,

cattle and soybean farmers at the time.

In the 1970s when the rice allotment opened up, the father-and-son

team realized their buckshot land was a good fit for rice. Today,

Chico and Pete are third-generation producers at Lakeland Planting

Co., growing rice, soybeans and corn. Although the brothers are not

growing as much rice as they did in the past, they still feel it’s impor-

tant to keep rice in their crop mix. Pete generally oversees the day-to-

Mississippi Delta growers keep rice in the mix

By Carroll SmithEditor

LakelandPlanting Co.

Pete, left, and Chico Williams are third-generation farmers at Lakeland Planting Co. near Hollandale, Miss.

8 9leadstoryRF0514v4_RF 11/13 template 5/7/14 9:44 AM Page 8

day rice production work, and Chico handles

the management and marketing aspects of the

operation. The brothers split the responsibilities

related to soybeans and corn.

“Our rice is all marketed through Producers

Rice Mill pool,” Chico says. “It takes a lot of

the pressure off to let them market the crop

because they can adjust the basis as needed to get

to the right price.”

2014 Production StrategiesThis year, Chico and Pete are planting CL152

and one field of Rex to fill out the borders around

MSU’s variety trial.

“We like CL152 because of its standability,”

Pete says. “It doesn’t lodge. At planting, we will

apply Sharpen, Command and Roundup with a

RoGator, which has wide booms, then come

back with an aerial application on the Clearfield

with one shot of Newpath followed by Clearpath

at flooding. We also have GPS technology on our

hippers and planters to eliminate having to use

row markers.”

As for their rice fertility program, Chico and

Pete anticipate applying ammonium sulfate and

DAP before flush and 200 pounds of urea at

flooding. At mid-season, they will come back

with another 200 pounds.

Pete says that disease has not been a big prob-

lem for them because of the varieties that they

plant. They also don’t skimp on any inputs. A

preventative fungicide always goes out after

mid-season.

“We’ve also bought five flow meters and plan

to install them this summer to facilitate our water

management,” Chico says. “And, from a ‘boots in the field’ stand-

point, Bill Killen, our rice consultant, makes a big contribution to our

operation. Bill has a lot of experience and, after walking the fields, he

tells it like it is. We also get consulting advice from Brian ‘Bozo’

Ward, who checks our soybeans and corn. He has really helped us get

our yields up.”

Investments In EfficiencyLike many other farmers in the Mississippi Delta, Chico and Pete

purchase polypipe manufactured by Delta Plastics, which is located

in Little Rock, to use in watering their soybeans and corn. Not only

is Delta Plastics interested in producing a superior product to offer their

customers, it also is interested in preserving the environment. Once

farmers have finished up the growing season, Delta Plastics pro-

vides free, on-farm pickup of used polypipe in the fall and takes it to

a recycling plant. The company notes that all tubing must be rolled

and tied, and baled tubing also is acceptable.

Another area in which Chico and Pete have put time, effort and cap-

ital is in increasing their on-farm grain storage. One of the advantages

of having this capability is to eliminate being at the mercy of long lines

at the grain elevator during the heat of harvest. Today, Lakeland

Planting Co. has an on-farm rice storage and drying capacity of

250,000 bushels (three sets of bins) and a continuous loop system stor-

age capacity of 280,000 bushels for corn and soybeans.

“Although we do have a continuous loop system, we use the augers

and circles for our rice because the big bins in the loop system don’t

have stir-alls and heaters to dry the rice,” Chico explains.

Although rice planting for the 2014 season is running behind the

optimal April planting dates, Chico and Pete are hoping that their crop

will begin to grow off at a fast pace now that the weather is consis-

tently staying warm.

“We normally begin harvesting in the middle of August, but we

probably will be a little late this year,” Pete says. “Hopefully, we

will be able to start harvesting at the end of August and still get the

rice out in September. At this point, we have to wait to see what the

weather does.”


An aerial applicator typically applies Newpath followed by Clearpath at flooding on theWilliams brothers’ Clearfield rice.

• Farm established in early 1940s.• Chico and Pete are third-generation farmers.• 800 acres of rice.• 5,500 acres of soybeans.• 1,100 acres of corn.• On-farm rice storage: 250,000 bushels.• On-farm continuous loop system: 280,000 bushels.

Lakeland Planting Co.Chico and Pete Williams

8 9leadstoryRF0514v5.qxp_RF 11/13 template 5/7/14 1:32 PM Page 9

Sheath blight is the most common and most damaging rice disease that growers face. The disease incidence often reaches as high as 90 percent in untreated fi elds.

Rice growers now have a new tool for controlling sheath blight in their fi elds. Sercadis® fungicide received full U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) registration on rice earlier this year. Sercadis fungicide sets the new standard for sheath blight control, giving growers the tool they need to reap the most out of every acre.

Earlier relief for LouisianaSercadis fungicide has established a track record of active protection against sheath blight. Louisiana rice growers were able to use Sercadis fungicide under a Section 18 emergency exemption in 2012 and 2013. Now the EPA has cleared the way for other growers across the South to benefi t from Sercadis fungicide.

A portfolio of disease solutionsSercadis fungicide is the newest product in a family of disease-fi ghting fungicides developed by BASF. Each helps growers maximize yield by keeping crops healthier, long into the growing season.

Behind Sercadis fungicide’s success in reducing sheath blight is the ingredient Xemium® fungicide, one of the same active ingredients in Priaxor® fungicide, which protects soybeans from damaging diseases. Research has shown that Xemium fungicide provides consistent performance and long-lasting disease control in a variety of crops.

“As an industry leader, BASF is dedicated to providing crop protection solutions, technical support and educational tools for growers,” said Brianne Reeves, D.P.M., Technical Market Specialist, BASF. “Sercadis fungicide will be another tool to help rice growers get the most out of every acre.”

Consult with your State Regulatory Agency regarding status of registration of Priaxor fungicide and Sercadis fungicide in your state.Always read and follow label directions. Priaxor, Sercadis and Xemium are registered trademarks of BASF. ©2014 BASF Corporation. All Rights Reserved. APN 14-MKT-0015-ser-1

Sercadis® fungicide receives EPA registration to help Mid-South rice growers

THE NEW STANDARD IN SHEATH BLIGHT CONTROL FOR RICE

Source: 1BASF-sponsored Mississippi on-farm trial in 2013

In a 2013 research trial1, rice fi elds treated with Sercadis fungicide yielded 30 bu/A more than the untreated plots.

To learn more about Sercadis fungicide, visit www.sercadis-fungicide.basf.us or contact your local BASF Authorized Retailer.

ADVERTORIAL

Untreated Sercadis fungicide


Consult with your State Regulatory Agency regarding the status of registration of Sercadis fungicide in your State.Always read and follow label directions. Sercadis and Xemium are registered trademarks of BASF. ©2014 BASF Corporation. All Rights Reserved. APN 14-SER-0001

New from BASF, Sercadis® fungicide provides control against sheath blight in rice. Sercadis fungicide brings a unique mode of action that provides longer-lasting preventive and post-infection control while delivering consistent performance. This season, say goodnight to sheath blight.

For more information, visit Sercadis-fungicide.basf.us or talk to your BASF Authorized Retailer.



Definitely, the rice business in

the Mercosur countries of

Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay

and Uruguay are no longer

what they used to be up to five years ago.

Up to that time, we had Argentina and

Uruguay producing rice almost exclusively

for the Brazilian domestic market.

In spite of being a relevant producer,

Brazil had to resort to these neighboring

countries to meet their domestic needs.

Today’s market has exporters in Uruguay

and Argentina giving priority to the

demands coming from other commercial

partners, while Brazil, now largely self-suf-

ficient, compensates for its rice acquisi-

tions from Paraguay through shipments

abroad of at least a million tons.

Since the beginning of this year,

exporters in Argentina and Uruguay have

been focused on Iraq, Peru and Venezuela,

as these markets pay more for their rice.

This trend is expected to continue in the

years ahead. Sales performance, nonethe-

less, depends on product availability in the

domestic market, requiring an assessment

of the impacts of adverse climate condi-

tions on the size of the crop, especially in

Uruguay. Rice production in Paraguay

continues to increase due to excellent

growing conditions and lower production

costs than neighboring countries and has

become a more regional factor.

Productive Sector Challenges EstimateIn Brazil, the official estimate of a 6.6-

percent bigger crop, approximately 12.6

million tons, has been challenged by the

productive sector which, also because of

climate-induced problems experienced dur-

ing the growing season, does not believe in

a crop bigger than 12.3 million tons.

For this year, the trend is for a continuity

of the balanced relation between offer and

demand, with average prices slightly high-

er than in the previous year. As it is a year

of presidential elections, it is normal to

expect stricter government control over our

“basic food basket” product prices. There

are no projections for any valuation or

devaluation move that could justify

government intervention.

International Market Place ConditionsStill in its fledgling stage as an exporter

player, Brazil has not yet consolidated an

exporter identity, and its performance is

still vulnerable to the whims of the interna-

tional market. Exports have been changing

from broken kernels to white rice, par-

boiled or paddy rice.

With Venezuela and Cuba as major des-

tinations, Brazilian rice exports amounted

to 1.2 million tons which, although down

18 percent from the previous period, were

enough to outstrip our rice imports by

235.5 thousand tons. The average price

practiced this year was R$34.14/sack or

US$314.50/ton (index ESALQ/BBM-

BVMF), up 4.5 percent from the previous

year. The large import market in Mexico is

definitely on the radar screen. This year,

Brazilian exporters will have difficulty

repeating past years’ performance, but

should ship abroad a volume close to one

million tons. Basically three factors reduce

the competitive conditions of Brazilian rice

in the international market place.

Contrary to what has usually happened,

the domestic market presents steady prices

even during harvest time, because farmers

are not delivering rice and are earning in-

come from their soybean negotiations. The

exchange rate scenario is unfavorable, con-

tracting expectations expressed by special-

ists. In the past 45 years, the dollar suffered

four-percent devaluation against the real.

Finally, shipping operations in the main

port in the South (where rice is produced/

industrialized) are extremely limited, and

the entire structure is devoted to soybean

exports. An important detail should not

be overlooked. This year, we will have

presidential elections in Brazil, which

always influences the agricultural sector of

our country.

RICE PRODUCERS FORUM

By Tiago BarataRice Market AnalystAgrotendencias Ltda

Sao Gabriel, RG, Brazilagrotendencias.com.br

2014 indicates supply/demand equilibrium for Mercosur rice sector.

Brazil as ‘exporter player?’

12USRPARF0514v3.qxp_RF 11/13 template 5/1/14 3:53 PM Page 12


Drying and storing rice on the farm can be an excellent

marketing strategy. The way that rice is handled during

the drying and storage process will determine its quali-

ty at the point of sale, thereby influencing its

value. Rice should be quickly dried down to a moisture level of

about 12 percent for storage, especially if it is going to be stored for

several months. The reduction of grain moisture is done by passing

relatively large quantities of dry air over the rice after it is placed in

the bin. The quality and quantity of this air determines the final mois-

ture content of the rice kernel.

Air quality is typically referred to as the equilibrium moisture

content (EMC). It is the combination of temperature and relative

humidity at which rice will not gain or lose moisture from the air. If

the air has an EMC of 12 percent, the grain moisture will eventual-

ly reach 12 percent if air of that quality is moved over the grain long

enough. The EMC may be determined by measuring air tempera-

ture and relative humidity.

Relative humidity is deter-

mined by measuring wet bulb

and dry bulb temperatures and

comparing these values with a

table. Relative humidity is a

measure of how much mois-

ture is in the air at a given

temperature in comparison

with how much it could hold

at that same temperature. At

100 percent relative humidi-

ty, the air is holding all of the

moisture it is capable of hold-

ing at that temperature. The

actual amount of moisture

capable of being held varies

with air temperature.

Monitor EMC CarefullyIn drying rice, maintaining

a steady EMC as close to the

target storage moisture (12 or

13 percent) content is impor-

tant. Usually, there are many

days during and shortly after

the harvest season when the

EMC is at or below the desired level without adding any heat. At night

or during damp weather conditions, it may be necessary to add some

heat to condition the air to a desirable EMC or to maintain the same

level available during the daylight hours. If heat is not available, it may

be better to turn the fans off at night instead of pumping in moist

air. Moist air that is pumped in at night has to be removed later. This

increases drying cost and may result in significant head rice yield

reduction. Fans should be turned off almost any time the EMC of the

air is greater than that of the grain. The exception might be for very

damp rice to avoid heat buildup.

A given volume of air has the capability of holding a given amount

of moisture. That amount will depend on the quality. One way to

increase drying potential or cause the grain to reach equilibrium with

the air sooner is to pass larger amounts of air over the grain. Doubling

air flow typically cuts the drying time in about one-half. Airflow

rates for drying vary from a low of 1 cubic foot per minute (CFM) per

By Dennis Gardisser and Johnny Saichuk

On-The-Farm

Rice DryingManagement techniques differ from commercial drying

Centrifugal fans are more expensive than axial fans but are highly recommended where high static pressuresare needed.

13 14graindryingRF0514v4.qxp_RF 11/13 template 5/1/14 4:02 PM Page 13


hundredweight (cwt) to a high of 100 or more

CFM per cwt. Recommended minimum air-

flow rates for different moisture contents are:

• 13 to 15% moisture 1 to 2 CFM per cwt

• 15 to 18% moisture 4 CFM per cwt



• 22 % moisture and above 12 CFM per

cwt

As grain bins are filled and the grain depth

increases, it becomes more difficult to pass air

up through the grain. As the grain depth

increases, less air is available for each bushel

of grain in the bin. High volumes of air are

needed to carry the moisture away in a time-

ly fashion when the grain is at high moisture

levels. Most on-farm bins have a limited

amount of available air capacity.

Drying Fans And Stirring DevicesThe grain drying industry offers basically

two types of drying fans – the centrifugal

and axial flow fans. From these two types,

manufacturers provide a number of varia-

tions to meet the needs of field applications.

The two critical characteristics of fans are

flow rate (CFM) and static pressure expressed

in inches of water.

Stirring devices help to mix the upper and

lower portions of grain in the bin. This speeds

up the drying process and loosens the grain so

that additional air may be moved up through

the grain. Stir-alls and similar devices should

not be turned on unless the bottom end of

the auger is about one foot deep in grain.

They can run almost continuously after that

point, when the drying fans are running.

Many producers are concerned that these

devices may grind away at the rice if left on,

but there is no research evidence to support

this claim. A small amount of flour-like sub-

stance will form around the auger top, but

the small particles were most likely already

there and are just being gathered in one place

with the auger action.

Grain should not be allowed to cone as the

bin is being filled. If coning occurs, the large

particles will migrate to the outside, and the

flour-like small particles and trash will remain

at the center of the cone. This results in a

very uneven airflow through each portion of

the grain bin. Most of the air will pass up the

outside of the bin through the larger and

cleaner grain. A level height should be main-

tained through the filling process. Once par-

ticle separation occurs, it is hard to correct

even if the bin is later shoveled level.

Air temperature is important when drying

rice. When air is being pushed through deep

depths for prolonged periods of time, the air

temperature should not exceed 105 degrees F.

If higher temperatures are used, the rice ker-

nel can be overheated, resulting in low milling

characteristics. Commercial dryers can use

much higher air temperatures than on-farm

dryers because the rice is subjected to heated

air for shorter periods of time. Rice can be

successfully dried on the farm, but different

management techniques are necessary than

when drying commercially.

Identifying On-Farm Drying IssuesSome of the main causes of problems that

occur with on-farm drying are:

1. Hurrying the drying process to make

room for freshly harvested rice.

2. Using drying temperatures that are too

high, resulting in extremely low humidity

drying air causing over-dried and stress-

cracked rice and low head rice yields.

3. Attempting to dry with insufficient air-

flow, usually caused by excessive depth of

high-moisture rice.

4. Lack of attention after rice has been

dried to at least 13 percent.

5. Harvesting rice with a moisture content

in excess of 20 percent to be dried in on-farm

facilities.

6. Inadvertently rewetting dried rice by

aerating with high humidity air. This usually

occurs if fans are run night and day with no

addition of heat at night.

Dennis Gardisser is a retired Ag Engineer,University of Arkansas. Johnny Saichuk isExtension Rice Specialist, LSU AgCenter.

Suggested Steps For On-Farm Rice Drying

1. Harvest rice at 20 percent or less and avoidattempting to dry rice on the farm if the mois-ture at harvest exceeds 20 percent.

2. Clean the rice to be dried as much as prac-tical by adjusting harvesting equipment tominimize the amount of foreign material.

3. Determine the rice moisture content ofincoming rice and avoid mixing rice of differ-ent moisture contents once its moisture con-tent has reached 15 percent or less.

4. Place the rice harvested first in the drying binat a depth of 6 to 12 feet. When layer drying,this depth is dependent on the initial mois-ture content of the rice and the capabilitiesof the fan.

5. Level the rice equally across the entire dry-ing bin at the depth selected. It is very impor-tant to level the rice in order to equalize thepressure throughout all horizontal cross-sec-tions of the bin to obtain uniform airflow.

6. Open air exits so that air can exhaust read-ily from the drying bin.

7. Turn on the fans as soon as the ducts orthe perforated floor is covered with approxi-mately 1 foot or more of rice.

8. If possible, do not hold wet rice in a bin,truck, combine hopper or grain cart longerthan 12 hours without moving air throughthe container to cool the rice.

9. Measure the relative humidity and tem-perature of the ambient air to determine themaximum temperature setting of the heater.

10. Exercise extreme caution when rice kerneltemperature exceeds 100 degrees F.

11. Dry high moisture rice in shallow batchesuntil the rice moisture content is 15 percent or

less. Then, deeper depths with lower airflowrequirements are acceptable.

12. Drying time per batch is dictated by airflow rate, measured as cubic feet per minute(CFM) per hundredweight, temperature dif-ference between air entering and leaving therice, the moisture content of the ambient airand the original moisture content of the rice.

13. The best way to reduce drying time is toincrease airflow.

14. Once the rice has reached 15 percentmoisture, move it to another bin where thedepth can be increased and the airflow percwt can be decreased. Continue drying bycontrolling relative humidity of the drying air.

15. Once the rice is 12.5 to 13 percent grainmoisture through the entire depth of storage,fill the storage bin and level the grain surface.

16. Aerate to cool the grain kernels for thenext few weeks when the humidity is below 60percent and the air is cool (50-60 degrees F).

17. Do not operate fans when ambient tem-perature is below 32 degrees F.

18. Probe the bin periodically (once a week isideal) for temperature or moisture variation.

19. Normally, the first place that moisturemigration will occur is the center of the toplayer. If there is any indication that moisture ortemperature is increasing in this area or otherareas, turn on the fans to cool and/or drymoistened rice.

20. Do not let any spoiled rice mix with goodrice.

21. Periodic aeration may be necessary tocounter extreme temperature changes dur-ing storage.

13 14graindryingRF0514v4.qxp_RF 11/13 template 5/1/14 4:03 PM Page 14

❑ Rice Farmer of the Year Award• Must farm at least 200 acres.• A farmer who has successfully achieved goals in his/herfarming operation, rice industry association, communityimprovement/development, innovative production practices and/or environmental stewardship.

❑ Rice Industry Award• Has been in the rice industry for more than five years.• A researcher, Extension person, government/associa-tion leader, etc… who has demonstrated commitment tothe rice industry through innovative practices, industryassociation, community involvement/development.

❑ Rice Lifetime Achievement Award• Has been in the rice industry for more than 10 years.• An industry leader who has provided great contribu-tions to the rice industry through industry associations,community involvement/development, innovative practices/projects that have advanced the industry.

Please send completed form & supporting materials to: Carroll Smith1010 June Rd., Suite 102, Memphis, TN 38119Scan/Email: [email protected]

2014 Rice Awards Nomination Form

Deadline:July 25, 2014

The Rice Farmer of the Year, Rice Industry Award and Rice Lifetime Achievement Award recognize those rice leaderswho have demonstrated dedication, determination and innovation to the industry. We need your help to identifycandidates who are worthy of these prestigious awards. Please take the time to consider which industry members inyour area should be recipients of these honors and fax, mail or scan/email this form and supporting materials.

CategoriesPlease check the box of theappropriate award category:

Nominee's name

Nominee's address

Nominee's phone number

Nominee's rice acreage (if applicable)

Number of years involved in the rice industry (if applicable)

Your name

Your profession

Your address

Your phone number

Dedication to farming and/or agriculture and the rice industry, local community and education.Determination to succeed and overcome hurdles that have emerged while trying to reach goals.Innovation to identify new and better ways for the industry to become more profitable, manage risk, achieve a higher level of efficiency.

In addition to completing this form, please describe the nominee in terms of the above guidelines. It also is helpful to send letters of recom-mendation for the nominee from other individuals in the rice industry who are familiar with his/her accomplishments. A panel ofjudges from across the Rice Belt will select the recipients of the 2014 Rice Awards.

Your signature Date

If you are submitting more than one nomination form,please make a copy before you fill out the form. Nominationforms can be downloaded at www.ricefarming.com.

SPONSORS

On a separate piece of paper, please consider the following:

The award recipients will be honored at the USA Rice Outlook Conference, December 7-9, 2014, where an official presentation will be made at an awards luncheon. They also will be featured in a special salute sponsored by Horizon Ag, USA Rice Federation and Rice Farming magazine in the December 2014 issue.

14 Rice Awards Nom formv1_2004 Rf Nom 5/1/14 3:44 PM Page 15


In 2012, we dealt with the worst

episode of blast in rice that many of us

have seen in our careers. The

researchers took advantage of it to eliminate many of the sus-

ceptible lines in breeding programs, and farmers took note

of the varieties that showed the most injury. This was reflect-

ed in the shift of rice acreage from 2012 to 2013.

As can be seen in the pie charts, CL151 was the leading

variety in 2012, accounting for 30 percent of Louisiana’s rice

acreage, and then dropped down to a tie for sixth place and

only four percent of the acreage in 2013. This is a great

example of the importance and influence of disease on rice.

When farmers weighed the odds of high yields without

blast versus low yields with blast, they backed off of CL151.

CL111 had demonstrated excellent field tolerance to blast

(it is rated moderately susceptible to blast by Dr. Groth) in

2012, thus becoming the leading variety in 2013.

Last summer, I did not find a single blast lesion in any of

the fields I checked. Likewise, many growers had little or no blast and

felt they could have made even higher yields had they grown CL151.

Reports from seed dealers indicate an increase in CL151 this year as

some growers are willing to take a chance that the blast epidemic of

2012 was more oddity than a common occurrence. I wish we had

some sort of model that would allow us to predict the likelihood of

SPECIALISTS SPEAKING

The easiest way to deal with disease con-

trol is to prevent it in the first place. Start-

ing with clean seed is the first step in the right direction. The next

step is to use a fungicide seed treatment. There is no single fungi-

cide active ingredient that will protect you from all seedling dis-

eases. You need a combination of them to give you multiple

modes of action to fully protect yourself from the seedling disease

complex – made up of seedborne and soilborne diseases. Keep in

mind that these fungicide seed treatments don’t last forever. If

you’re planting under conditions that may lead to extreme delays

in germination and emergence, there’s a good chance you won’t

see much bang for your buck.

Hopefully, you also choose to plant a cultivar that is not very

susceptible to a disease you know is likely to occur in your field.

Case in point – don’t plant a blast susceptible cultivar in a situa-

tion that is prone to blast! Those situations would be fields with dif-

ficulty maintaining a deep, consistent flood; are surrounded by tree

lines; and/or have a general history of blast development. Though

we can manage this disease with fungicides, we can save time

and money by avoiding the disease to begin with. Consider the

same thing with other diseases as well (sheath blight, kernel smut,

false smut, etc.).

There are some management practices that make your crop

more prone to disease. Excessive nitrogen fertilization can lead to

increased disease development. Excessive stand density can also

increase the development and spread of disease. Two resources are

available to help reduce the incidence of disease associated with

excess nitrogen and stand density: the N-STaR program (Nitrogen

Soil Test for Rice) for selecting the correct nitrogen rate for your

field, and the RICESEED program for selecting the correct seed-

ing rate for your field (http://riceseed.uaex.edu).

In a later-planted year such as this one where 50 percent of the

crop will be planted in May, there are a number of disease con-

cerns. With later planting comes an increased chance of bacteri-

al panicle blight, kernel smut and false smut. If you’re planting a

field with a history of bacterial panicle blight, there are no man-

agement options other than cultivar selection. Your only option in

those situations is to plant a moderately resistant cultivar. For the

smuts, prevention is the only option. There is no such thing as

“control” of kernel smut or false smut. You can only suppress or

prevent them by applying a fungicide prior to panicle emergence.

Places to worry about preventing smut include those with high

nitrogen rates, high seeding rates and a history of smut problems.

Plan to prevent, avoid and suppress disease in your rice field this

year. It’s best to stay ahead of disease than to try to catch up later.

For more information on rice disease management in Arkansas,

refer to the MP154 – Arkansas Plant Disease Control ProductsGuide – 2013 and the Arkansas Rice Production Handbook.

Plan to avoid diseaseDR. JARROD T. HARDKEARKANSASRice Extension AgronomistUniversity of Arkansas,Cooperative Extension [email protected]

Better fungicidearsenal available today

After two applications of Quadris on this field of CL151, the severe sheathblight infestation was determined to be resistant to the fungicide.Where resistance is not an issue, Quadris still works well.

DR. JOHN SAICHUKLOUISIANAExtension Rice [email protected]

Better fungicidearsenal available today

16-19SSRF0514v6_RF 11/13 template 5/5/14 10:32 AM Page 16



blast, but we do not.

One thing we do have is a much better arsenal of fungicides than

we did 20 or so years ago. According to Dr. Groth, the strobilurins –

Quadris and Gem – represent one of the most significant break-

throughs in disease management since he started working with rice

diseases. For the most part, that is still true, making sheath blight a

manageable problem today rather than the disaster it was just a few

years ago. Unfortunately, in the past few years Rhizoctonia solani, the

pathogen that causes sheath blight, has developed resistance to the

strobilurins in some areas of the state. The extent of the spread of this

resistant form is not well defined. If an application of the strobil-

urins does not significantly reduce sheath blight pressure, it is like-

ly that the resistant form is the culprit.

This year, we do have a full label for Sercadis fungicide for use on

rice. The active ingredient of this fungicide is fluxapyroxad. In the

March issue of Rice Farming, I discussed the grouping system of her-

bicides to help with resistance management of weeds. A similar sys-

tem has been implemented with the fungicides. The strobilurins,

Quadris and Gem are in Group 11; Sercadis and Convoy are in

Group 7; propiconazole (Bumper, Promimax, Tilt and others) are

in Group 3. By rotating fungicide groups, it is possible to delay or pre-

vent the development of resistance. If there is some concern about

resistance, then switching chemistries would be a good idea. Just

make sure the disease in question is on the fungicide label. Convoy

is a new name for an old fungicide. If you have been around this

game long enough, you may remember Moncut. The active ingredient

in both Convoy and Moncut is flutolanil. Pre-mixes of fungicides of

different groups will have numbers representing both groups on the

label.

Read the labels, pay attention to efficacy and rotate chemistries, if

possible. If you have any questions about these materials or man-

agement of any rice disease, contact your local county agent.

At the time of writing this article (April 25),

the majority of Texas rice acreage is planted

except for east of Houston where about 30

percent of rice acreage remains to be planted. Furthermore, the last

several days have been warm with no rain, so the Texas rice crop is

beginning to look better.

However, I recently inspected a field of hybrid rice in Chambers

County. The field was planted in early April during a spell of cold

weather. The stand was less than ideal, forcing the grower to replant.

Clearly, seedling disease and blackbird problems were evident, but

I also observed small white or cream-colored larvae feeding on the

germinating rice seed under the soil. These immature insects either

are Southern corn rootworm, banded cucumber beetle or Mexican

corn rootworm larvae. These larvae are members of the Order

Coleoptera (beetles) Family Chrysomelidae (leaf beetles). They are

not wireworms, which are somewhat related to them. It goes to show

you – when you think you have all the answers, Mother Nature slips

you a surprise to keep you humble!

I mentioned seedling diseases in the above paragraph. I think most

rice is now treated with fungicides to control seedling diseases. This

is good insurance because of trending agronomic practices to reduce

seeding rate and plant earlier, which increase seedling disease pres-

sure. Every rice farmer knows the importance of producing a vigor-

ous, uniform stand of rice. Treating your seed with fungicides is a “no-

brainer,” particularly if you employ a low seeding rate, conservation

tillage and plant early.

Fungi that cause seed rot and seedling blight are Achlya spp.,

Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Fusarium spp., Pythium spp. Rhizoctoniasolani, Sclerotium rolfsii and others. They survive in the soil or on

seeds between crops. We have an array of effective fungicides applied

to seed to control seedling diseases. Proper fungicide seed treatment

can increase stand by 22 to 60 percent and increase yield by five to

22 percent based on the results of field plot tests conducted in Texas.

Scout for foliar diseases in the early season. Brown spot caused by

the fungus Cochliobolus miyabeanus and narrow brown leaf spot

caused by Cercospora janseana are among the most common foliar

diseases in the early season. They survive on seeds and infected

crop debris. Rice plants suffering from N, P or K deficiency are

especially susceptible to both diseases. Use of resistant varieties and

recommended fertilizers are effective to reduce the damage caused

by these diseases. Fungicides usually are not recommended for the

control of these diseases in the early season except under extremely

severe conditions.

In addition, nutrient deficiency, especially P, is frequently

Apply fungicideseed treatments

DR. M.O. “MO” WAYTEXASRice Research [email protected]

Top 10 Varieties by Acres Grown in Louisiana in 2012

CL151 30%CL111 21%Cheniere 11%CLXL745 10%CLXL729 6%Jupiter 5%Cocodrie 5%CL152 4%CL161 2%Cypress 1%Others 7%Source: LSU AgCenter Research & Extension

Top 10 Varieties by Acres Grown in Louisiana in 2013

CL111 27%CLXL745 14%Cheniere 12%Jazzman 2 8%CLXL729 8%Jupiter 4%Mermentau 4%CL151 4%Cocodrie 4%CL152 3%Others 11%Source: LSU AgCenter Research & Extension


present in Texas rice fields. Symptoms caused by P deficiency include

small, brown (rust-colored) spots and chlorosis between veins near the

tips of old leaves. Potassium-deficient symptoms are easily confused

with those of brown spot.

For disease diagnosis assistance, contact Dr. Shane Zhou, plant

pathologist, at Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center

at Beaumont via (409)752-2741 or [email protected]. Also,

go online to access the 2014 Texas Rice Production Guidelines for

more information on disease management at https://beau-

mont.tamu.edu/eLibrary/Bulletins/2014_Rice_Production_Guide-

lines.pdf.

These rice disease management comments for Texas were co-authored by Dr. Mo Way and Dr. Shane Zhou.

The 2014 California rice planting season got

off to a delayed start due to a third consecutive

dry winter, resulting in the most severe drought

in decades. Final surface water allocations were announced in mid-

April, and many irrigation districts delayed the start of water deliveries

until the first of May. As surface water allocations were reduced in

many areas, rice growers will fallow some fields due to lack of sur-

face water or choose to transfer surface water to permanent crops. In

addition, some growers will rely more heavily on groundwater for

irrigation needs in 2014.

Compressed initial surface water delivery times and the use of

groundwater by some growers increases the prospects of slow initial

flood-up times. When fields flood slowly, the potential risk of dam-

age to seeds or seedlings from rice seed midge and/or tadpole shrimp

may be greater. The damage caused by these pests may predispose rice

seeds or seedlings to seed rot and seedling diseases. These diseases

are caused by fungi that survive in the soil and produce zoospores

when the soil is flooded. Zoospores are attracted to cracks in the

seed coat where the endosperm is exposed or to the germinating

seedlings. Feeding by rice seed midge or tadpole shrimp may pre-

dispose seeds or seedlings to infection by these fungi.

Symptoms of seed rot and seedling disease appear shortly after

seeding. The most common sign of the pathogen is whitish fungal

hyphae growing over the surface of the seed and young seedling.

Algae often colonize the mycelium, turning it green. Seed that are

infected shortly after seeding often don’t germinate because the

endosperm or embryo is rapidly destroyed. Growth of seedlings may

be greatly impeded when seeds are infected following germination.

Symptoms of seedling disease may include stunting, yellowing or rot-

ting of the seedlings.

Many irrigation districts will be restricting field drainage for con-

tact herbicide applications due to surface water shortages. Draining

a field during the season is known to increase the risk of infection and

susceptibility of rice plants to rice blast disease. From an irrigation

standpoint, maintaining a deep, continuous flood is one of the best

management options for minimizing the risks associated with rice blast

disease.

As drainage may be restricted, growers may be forced to plan

ahead and allow water to slowly subside in order to expose weeds for

contact herbicide applications. This may result in prolonged shal-

low water or drained field conditions that may predispose plants to

increased rice blast disease pressure.

A flood should be reestablished as soon as practical following

contact herbicide applications to minimize this risk. In addition, these

fields should be scouted closely for signs of rice blast disease and an

appropriate fungicide should be applied to protect emerging pani-

cles if significant levels of disease are present.

Considering all rice diseases that you may encounter throughout the

season in California, your best rice disease management tool is a

dedicated scouting plan. There is no substitute for field scouting

when deciding if timely action needs to be taken in the form of field

drainage for seedling diseases or a fungicide application for diseases

such as rice blast.

Disease pressure was low last year, but we

better not let our guard down in 2014. Rice

blast is one of the earliest known foliar dis-

eases, and it was hard to find in 2013. The

blast fungus survives in various ways but often is seedborne. To



Diseases and drought water management

DR. CHRIS GREERCALIFORNIAUCCE Rice Farming Systems [email protected]

SAM ATWELLMISSOURIAgronomy [email protected]

Scout early & often

Symptoms of P-deficiency



reduce seedborne blast, research suggests Dynasty fungicide (azoxy-

strobin) at a rate above 0.75 fl oz per cwt seed as adequate. Howev-

er, note that this seed treatment will not guarantee protection later in

the season.

We encourage field scouting, deep flood management and foliar

fungicides as needed. In blast-prone fields (lighter soils, tree-lined,

low-lying, etc.), plant a hybrid or resistant variety. This takes care of

the disease for the most part. Where susceptible varieties are planted

in the wrong field, keep a deep flood of four inches on them at all times

after initial flood.

Fungicides work best if applied twice for blast. The first applica-

tion should be made at late boot to beginning panicle tip emergence

and the second when panicles are 50-75 percent out of the boot on

most of the main tillers. Higher rates are best. If the field is very uni-

form and disease potential is low to moderate, the best timing would

be when panicles are emerging with about 35 percent of the length out

of the boot on most of the main tillers. In uneven-maturing fields, it

is better to spray based on the earlier maturing parts of the field if dis-

ease pressure is substantial. These types of fields would be almost

automatic for two applications. Again, proper flood management

will really help with blast management and improve performance

of the fungicides.

Sheath blight was low in Missouri last year, too. For many years

now, strobilurin fungicides have been used to manage sheath blight

disease of rice, and they have been the backbone for managing fun-

gal diseases of rice in Southern rice-producing states. Current fungi-

cides are most effective under low or moderate disease pressure. The

challenge comes when varieties are highly susceptible and environ-

mental conditions are very favorable for disease development. When

we have sheath blight, we recommend our producers use strobil-

urin+propiconazole fungicide mixtures to combat sheath blight and

the smuts.

Smuts were bad in some fields back in 2011. Fields sprayed prop-

erly with propiconazole-containing fungicides worked to minimize

these diseases. In some cases, too much nitrogen was applied to

affected fields and, in other cases, the fungicide was applied too late

in the booting stage for maximum effect. The rice smuts cannot be

scouted for, so preventive treatment with propiconazole-containing

fungicides is the only chemical control option. Fields with a strong his-

tory of the smuts, or those that have been knowingly over-fertilized

with nitrogen are most at risk.

Hybrid and medium grains are very unlikely to benefit from fungi-

cide applications. Fungicides should be applied if your effective

scouting indicates more than 35 percent positive stops in susceptible

varieties and more than 50 percent positive stops in moderately sus-

ceptible varieties. Timing and rate of the fungicides to prevent the

smuts are critical.

The fungicides need to be applied at early to late boot but before

heading begins on any plants in the field. Earlier is usually better in

the booting stage, especially for false smut. The minimum rate of 6

fl oz Tilt or Tilt equivalent is now required for most effective results

under current conditions, but no application will provide 100 per-

cent control. In the past, we achieved up to 95 percent reduction in ker-

nel smutted kernels using propiconazole with exact timing and rate but

only about 65 percent for false smut (at best). Where false smut is

moderate, 65 percent reduction is noticeable, but where it is heavy,

control is difficult.

Even though the majority of the 2014 rice

crop has not been planted, planning for a mid-

season fungicide application should not be

far from our minds. Mention of fungicide resistance in row crop pro-

duction systems such as soybean and rice (Rhizoctonia solani =

sheath blight), should remind us to weigh important fungicide appli-

cation strategies before mid-season.

Preventing fungicide resistance from developing remains an impor-

tant objective for rice farmers since sheath blight resistant cultivars are

not commercially available.

Several factors should be considered when making a fungicide

application in rice. Crop coverage, canopy penetration, adjuvant and

product choice, as well as fungicide application rate are all important

variables. Most fungicide products labeled for rice are preventative.

Therefore, applying a fungicide to provide maximum plant coverage

is important since fungicides are “locally systemic.” Droplets land on

plant tissue, and the activity of the fungicide allows the product to trav-

el short distances beyond the initial droplet; hence, the terminology

“locally systemic.” In general, fungicides work by preventing addi-

tional spread of the fungus to non-infected plant tissue. To increase

the effectiveness of a fungicide application, use a greater water vol-

ume; five rather than three gallons/acre.

Canopy penetration can be difficult to achieve. Generally speaking

and similar to herbicide applications, fungicide applications should be

made when the wind is low. Reducing application volume and apply-

ing a fungicide that does not quite reach or penetrate the plant canopy

is not effective disease management. In addition, improper applica-

tion placement or poor canopy penetration can increase the likeli-

hood of fungicide resistance developing.

Adjuvants can increase coverage as well as aid plant canopy pen-

etration. Read and follow label instructions regarding the use, rate and

specific type of adjuvant.

Choosing a fungicide product is not normally a major decision;

however, most rice farmers use the same product annually. In some

cases, product choice depends on the particular diseases historically

present. In other cases, the product choice may be based on price.

Choose a fungicide product that has performed well in university

fungicide efficacy trials and keep in mind that for a disease such as

sheath blight, a fungicide that contains a strobilurin active ingredient

will provide the most effective disease management.

Last, but not least, fungicide application rate is important for sev-

eral reasons. Fungicide application rates vary widely. However, one

thing is certain, resistance management suggests that applying full

label rates will help protect against the development of fungicide-resis-

tant fungi in our rice production system. Cutting the labeled rate may

be a cheap alternative, but that decision will reduce the amount of

chemical that is applied and potentially affect fungicide efficacy.


DR. TOM ALLENMISSISSIPPIMississippi State University [email protected]

Never too earlyto plan ahead



Editor’s Note: Last month, Rice Farming published anarticle titled, “Water for Rice,” which included a shortsection on the Grand Prairie Area Demonstration Project(GPADP). The following article provides more detailregarding the funding, contracts and progress of GPADPand how it is expected to benefit rice farmers.

According to the US Army Corps of Engineers,

Memphis District, “The Grand Prairie Area

Demonstration Project (GPADP) is a com-

prehensive water management plan designed

to protect and preserve the Alluvial and Sparta Aquifers.

This project also allows the continued irrigation of current

agricultural crops and reduces further depletion of ground

water aquifers, while continuing to provide critical ben-

efits for the millions of waterfowl, which annually migrate

through the region.

“The project utilizes excess surface water and water

from the White River to supplement a network of on-

farm tailwater recovery systems. This supplemental sys-

tem will be used to fill on-farm reservoirs that store the

water, which supplies at least a portion of each farmer’s

irrigation needs.”

Dennis Carman, chief engineer and director of the

White River Irrigation District in Arkansas, says, “Our

goal is to have water delivered to the Grand Prairie

Region, where we have a significant number of farms, by June 2016.

That’s essentially half of the project cost. At this point, we have 250

or more of the on-farm infrastructure investments completed – reser-

voirs and tailwater systems to capture the surface water and pipelines

to distribute water to the farmers.

“About 200 of these on-farm infrastructure investments to improve

water quality and irrigation efficiency were done through the main pro-

ject – GPADP,” he adds. “The other 50 or 60 or so were funded

through USDA programs – such as EQIP – and the Mississippi River

Basin Initiative.”

Carman also notes that cutting-edge automation will be involved

once the project becomes operational.

“We plan to be able to do things like turn on the pumps and motors

and measure the water pumped on-farm remotely,” he explains.

Status Of Funding And ContractsChief engineer and director of the White River Irrigation District

Dennis Carman’s summarization as of April 1, 2014:

• An $11 million contract is coming into play.

• By June, another $33 million in contracts will be underway.

• By October, another $7 million will be under contract.

• Although it hasn’t been approved yet, a little more than $9 million

is in the 2015 President’s Budget.

• Between that funding and local funding, $13 to $14 million will be

available.

• Roughly $15 million will be under contract by this time next year

in 2015.

• When all is said and done, $60 million is going to be under contract

over the next year, and the work will completed in early 2016 – two

years from now.

“The good thing is that we have over half of the project complet-

ed, or we will have it contracted,” Carman says. “So, right now, we

are only dealing with the remaining portion.”

AR Water ProjectDeliveries will supplement on-farm irrigation

By Carroll SmithEditor

The reservoir for this farm will provide about eight inches of water for the producer.The other foot of water that he will need will come from the pump station. “Forall practical purposes, the farmer is using his existing irrigation system,” Carmansays. “We are adding to the normal availability of the water. We do not put anywater into natural ditches. The water from the pump station will come directlyinto the farmer’s tailwater recovery system.”

20water0514v3.qxp_RF 11/13 template 5/7/14 3:15 PM Page 20


2014 Arkansas Rice Expo Recipe ContestIngenious with ingredients? The 2014 Arkansas Rice Expo Recipe

Contest is your chance to show off your culinary cunning.

“Sweet or savory, sticky or fragrant, rice is the perfect canvas to

showcase your kitchen talents, whether you’re an A-lister with appe-

tizers or dexterous with desserts,” says Keith Cleek, Phillips Coun-

ty Extension agent with the University of Arkansas System Divi-

sion of Agriculture.

The third annual contest will be held Friday, Aug. 1, in conjunction

with the Arkansas Rice Expo at the Grand Prairie Center in Stuttgart.

The deadline for entries to be received is June 10, and winners of the

preliminary round will be notified by July 1. Rice in any form must

be the prominent ingredient in the recipe, and ingredients should be

easily obtained in any local grocery store.

Mail entry forms to: Keith A Cleek, AEA-EFNEP/FCS Phillips

County, P.O. Box 684, Helena, AR, 72342. Each entry will be

reviewed by the Rice Expo Recipe Committee, and the top 10 will be

selected for presentation on Aug. 1. The top 10 contestants will be noti-

fied by July 1. The top 10 entries will be judged on the basis of the

recipe and the dishes’ appearance. Winners must be present at the

awards presentation to receive prizes. Winners who fail to appear at

the presentation will automatically forfeit all awards.

Prizes will be given for the first-, second- and third-place win-

ners. The first place winner’s recipe will be highlighted in the 2015

Rice Expo Cookbook. For more information or a complete list of

the rules, contact your local County Extension Office or visit the

web page at www.uaex.edu.

California Grower Farm Bill Tool AvailableWell-known attorney Tim Kelleher has developed an information

spreadsheet on the Farm Bill for growers to plug in information on

their operations to assist them in determining which programs best

meet their needs.

This information can be found at Calrice.org/FarmBillTool or go

to CalRice.org and click on “Grower Farm Bill Tool,” which is

located on the home page.

Arkansas, National Leaders Honor BumpersTo mark the celebration of the newly named Dale Bumpers White

River National Wildlife Refuge, here is a sampling of what Arkansas

and national leaders are saying about the 38th Governor of Arkansas

and four-term U.S. Senator:

Arkansas Gov. Mike Beebe: “Senator Bumpers has been a tire-

less protector of our environment and understands the need to preserve

our natural legacy for future generations. Naming the White River

Refuge for Dale will also help preserve his own legacy for future

generations, a step I’m sure he’d say can mean only good things for

our state. It is that charming confidence and dedicated service that have

made Dale a beloved Arkansan to millions, including me.”

David Houghton, President, National Wildlife Refuge Asso-

ciation: “I can’t think of a more fitting tribute to one of the Refuge

System’s greatest supporters than naming the White River National

Wildlife Refuge after Senator Dale Bumpers. Bumpers is a living

legend who played a pivotal role in creating the 80-mile corridor

connecting the Cache River and White River refuges. People and

wildlife have him to thank for this lasting conservation legacy.”

New CRC Chairman ElectedCongratulations to Rob Paschoal of Farmers’ Rice Cooperative,

who was elected chairman of the California Rice Commission.

Paschoal presented outgoing chairman Charley Mathews Jr. with

artwork during the November CRC Board Meeting as a thank you for

his service to the industry.

CA Rice Fields Subject Of New Art WorkThe beauty of area rice fields in summer and winter will be featured

in two new artworks commissioned on behalf of this industry. The

California Rice Commission has been working with artist Phil Gross

on paintings that will be part of its Legislative outreach in 2015.

Gross is finalizing a painting depicting a low-level aerial view of a rice

field in the Grimes area during the summer. A second painting focus-

es on a shallowly flooded rice field in Richvale during the winter.

The paintings will be featured on the 2015 California Rice Box,

which will be delivered to key audiences including legislators, reg-

ulators, decision makers, opinion leaders and media. The original

artwork will be used to further promote California rice. The artistry

INDUSTRY NEWS

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21 221IndNewsRF0514v4_RF 11/13 template 5/5/14 10:29 AM Page 21


will also be made into limited-edition giclee prints for CRC out-

reach. The scenery has provided great inspiration to the artist. “The

Sacramento Valley is amazing,” Gross says. “The colors you get

here are unlike any other landscape. It’s beautiful land.”

Respected Texas Rice Scientist, Dr. GarryMcCauley, Retires

Dr. Mo Way, rice research entomologist with Texas A&M, offers

the following comments on Dr. McCauley’s distinguished career:

I want to recognize Dr. Garry McCauley, who retired March 31 of

this year. Garry began work with the Texas Agricultural Experiment

Station in 1975, so he retired after 39 years of outstanding service to

the Texas and U.S. rice industries.

Garry once told me within a few days of being hired that he had to

give a rice field day presentation at the Beaumont Center. Poor Garry,

he had never put a boot in a rice field but was expected to inform

growers about the latest research on water management in rice.

Garry was the first scientist in the United States to conduct water

management experiments in rice. He made many important discov-

eries with direct benefit to producers. In 1988, Garry also assumed

leadership of the weed management research program. In addition, in

1995, Garry transferred from the Beaumont Center to the David R.

Wintermann Rice Research Station at Eagle Lake, where he effectively

became the rice specialist for Texas, which involved both research and

Extension duties. He became the go-to scientist for rice farmers on the

west side of Houston.

Garry served as Secretary and Chair of the Rice Technical Work-

ing Group in 2006 and 2008, respectively, which required a tremen-

dous amount of time and effort. Furthermore, Garry has received

many awards during his professional career, including the Distin-

guished Rice Research and Education Award presented by the Rice

Technical Working Group for efforts as part of a team to develop and

implement the Econo-Rice program. In 1996, Garry was a co-recip-

ient of the Clean Texas 2000 Governor’s Award for Environmental

Excellence in Agriculture for his work improving water-use effi-

ciency in the Texas Rice Belt.

Then in 2012, he received the Distinguished Rice Research and/or

Education Team Award for significant contributions in rice field

nitrogen use efficiency and the Distinguished Service Award, both

from the Rice Technical Working Group, for his many years of ser-

vice benefitting the Texas and U.S. rice industries.

Garry is married to his beautiful wife, Ruth, who taught school

many years in El Campo. Ruth is semi-retired, but still substitute

teaches. Garry and Ruth were high school sweethearts in Oklahoma

and have been married 49 years this August. They have two daugh-

ters, Paula and Jo-Ann, and five grandchildren. Garry and Ruth love

to travel and read. I have received several postcards from Garry and

Ruth cruising on their motorcycles! So, Dr. Garry McCauley and

Ruth, on behalf of the entire Texas rice industry, I wish you many

years of blissful retirement and may you never have to slog through

another muddy rice field!

INDUSTRY NEWS

• May 27-29: 2014 Rice Market and Technology Convention,

Real Intercontinental Hotel, San Jose, Costa Rica. For more infor-

mation, visit usriceproducers.com.

• June 17-20: 115th RMA Convention, Hyatt Regency Lake

Tahoe, 111 Country Club Drive, Incline Village, Nev. Call (775)

832-1234 for more information.

• June 25: 105th Rice Research Station Field Day, Crowley.

• Aug. 1: Arkansas Rice Expo, Grand Prairie Center, Stuttgart.

CALENDAR

Please send any calendar announcementsto [email protected].

Artist Phil Gross (right) meets with grower Gary Stone near apainting location in Richvale, Calif.

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21 221IndNewsRF0514v4_RF 11/13 template 5/1/14 4:27 PM Page 22

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Rice Farming, May 2014

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