RH300RHCE "Rapid Track" CourseRH3llO-RHEL3-1-20031124cRed Hat TrainingCustomer CourseCatalog and Special Offers4. redhat.((Red Hat Global Learning Services Course OfferingsRHCE (Red Hat CertifiedEngineer) ProgramRHCE "Rapid Track" andEnterprise TrackRH300 RHCE "Rapid Track"Course $2498The RHCE "Rapid Track" course is designed for Linux-experienced users,networking specialists, and systemadministrators. This 5-day course provides intensive hands-on training on Red Hat Linux, and includes the RHCECertification Lab Exam on day 5. Also available without the RHCE exam as RH301.http://www.redhat.com/training/rhce/courses/rh300.html1-866-626-2994RH401RedHat Enterprise Deployment and Systems Management $28984-day intensive hands-on lab course in skills and methods critical to large-scale deployment and management ofmission-critical Red Hat Linux systems, including Red Hat Enterprise Linux, failover and load-balancing; cvs forsystem administrators; RPMrebuilding,andperformance tuning for specific applications.http://www.redhat.com/training/rhce/courses/rh401.html1-866-626-2994RHCE "Standard Track"RH033 Red Hat LinuxEssentials $1998A four-day class for those with no command-line experiencein Linux or UNIX who wish to develop skills for using andcustomizing their ownRed Hat Linux workstation. This four-day class teaches skills requiredfor advancement to RedHat Linux System Administration (RH133).http://www.redhat.com/training/skills/courses/rh033.html1-866-626-2994RH133 Red Hat Linux System Administration(includes RHCT exam) $2298A 4.5-day intermediate-level course for users of Linux or administrators of UNIX who want tostart building skills insystems administration on Red Hat Linux to a level where they can attach and configure a workstation on an existingnetwork. The Red Hat Certified Technician (RHCT) Certification Lab exam is administered on the last day. Alsoavailable without the RHCT exam as RH131.http://www.redhat.com/training/skills/courses/rh133.htm11-866-626-2994RH253 RedHat Linux Networking and Security Administration $2198A four-day advanced-levelcourse for Linux and/or UNIX systems administrators who want to build skills at configuringcommon network services and security administration usingRed Hat Linux.http://www.redhat_com/training/skills/courses/rh253.html1-866-626-2994RH302 RHCE Certification Lab Exam $749The certification exam consists of three parts conductedin a single day--two of the three sections of the exam areperformance-based,meaning that candidates must perform tasks on a live system,rather than answering questionsabout how one might perform those tasks.http://www.redhat.com/training/rhce/cQurses/rhexam.html1-866-626-2994Page 1200304-10 RevRHTCS0-90_01All RightsReserved.CCopyright Red Hat, Inc. 2003((Red HatTrainingCustomer CourseCatalog and Special OffersRedHat Linux Developer Curriculum,.. redhat.RHD143 RedHat Linux Programming Essentials $2498A five-day hands-on course for C programmers designed to rapidly train key skills for developing applications on RedHat Linux.http://www.redhat.com/training/developer/courses/rhd143.html1-866-626-2994RHD221Red Hat Linux Device Drivers $2498A five-day class designed to teach experienced programmers how to develop device drivers for Linux systems.http://www.redhat.com/training/developer/courses/rhd221.html1-866-626-2994RHD236 RedHat Linux Kernel Internals $2698An intensive five-day hands-on course designed to provide a detailed examination of the Linux kernel architecture,including process scheduling,memory management, filesystems,and driving peripheral devices.http://www.redhat.com/training/developer/courses/rhd236.html1-866-626-2994RHD256 Red Hat Linux Application Development and Porting $2198An intensive four-day hands-on course designed to teach experienced UNIX C programmers how to take advantageof the features of Red Hat Linux to write new applications and port applications fromproprietary UNIX environments.http://www.redhat.com/training/developer/courses/rhd256.html1-866-626-2994RedHat Embedded Linux CurriculumRHD248 RedHat Embedded Systems Engineering $2898A five day intensive course on embedded systems engineering and embeddedLinux application development.http://www.redhat.com/training/embedded/courses/rhd248.html1-866-626-2994Page 2200304-10 AevRHTCSO-9(L01All RightsReserved.OCopyrighl Red Hat, Inc. 2003Red Hat Training Customer Course Catalog and Special OffersRedHat eBusiness Curriculum_. redhat.RDB147 Red Hat Database Essentials $2198Red Hat Database Essentials is an intensive four-day course for a variety of IT professionals that provides four daysof instruction and hands-on lab activities on Red Hat Database, an object-relational database powered byPostgreSQL.http://www.redhat.com/training/ebusiness/courses/rdb147.html1-666-626-2994RH320 Apache and Secure Web Server Administration $2398For Linux and/or UNIX systems administrators who want to configure and maintain a secure Apache Web Server.http://www.redhat.com/training/ebusiness/courses/rh320.html1-666-626-2994RedHat Security CurriculumRHS333 Red Hat Enterprise Security:Network Services $2298This course goes beyond the essentialsecurity coverage offered in the RHCE curriculum and delves deeper into thesecurity features,capabilities, andrisks associated with the most commonly-deployed services.http://www.redhat.com/training/security/cQurses/rhs333.html1-666-626-2994RHS342 Developing Red Hat Firewall Solutions $2298This course builds on RH333-level skills and introduces new ones that will provide course participants with a morecomprehensive understanding of firewalls,penetration, and intrusion detection using Red Hat Linux and other opensource tools.http://www.redhat.com/training/security/cQurses/rhs342.html1-666-626-2994SAVE $ ONANY OF THESE COURSES WITH THE COURSE COUPON IN THIS BOOKLET!Page 32003-04-10 RevRHTCSO-9(L01AIiRighlsReserved.CCopyrighl Red Hal, Inc. 2003{{Red Hat Training Customer CourseCatalogand Special Offers" redhat.Red Hat Global Learning Services$200 Off Any Red Hat Course CouponTREAT A FRIEND TO RED HAT TRAINING!Or Treat Yourself on the Next Course You Decide to Take!Offer code: 8203 Expires:October 31,2005Thiscouponisgood for $200off anyRedHatCourse for anynumber of your friends, or for you,when you enrollin your next RedHat Course.Photocopy this coupon as often as youlike, and pass along to friends.Then close your eyes, take a deep breath, and smile, You've just given your friends(or yourself) a$200 value!So gather up your pals, and give them all$200 off RedHat Training!TOENROLL: Pleaseuse the"CourseFinder"athttp://www.redhat.com/trainingtoselecta dateand location convenient for you, then use Offer Code 8203 on your enrollment form.Offergood for anyregularlyscheduledfour or five-day courses at RedHat, Inc., traininglocations inNorthAmerica, throughOctober31, 2005.Noextensions. Cannot beusedretroactivelyfor classesinwhichoneiscurrentlyenrolled, norfor cancellationandconcurrent rebookingswithinthepromotionperiodof thecoupon. unlessstudent originallyregisteredwiththecoupon/promotion. Maynot becombinedwithother discountprogramsorcoupons. Maynot beusedfor eLearning. Participant isresponsiblefor assessinghisor her SUitabilityfor RedHat trainingandenrolling into the appropriate course. Void where prohibited by law.Page 4200304-10 RevRHTCSQ-90_01AIIRighlsReserved.CCopyright Red Hal, Inc. 2003Red Hat Training Customer Course Catalog and Special Offers4. redhat.RedHat Global Learning ServicesOn-Site Training Coupon: up to $2800.00 Value!WANT TO IMPRESS YOURMANAGER?Save the Boss up to $2800 off On-Site Training fromRedHat!Offer code: 8201Asa RedHat trainingcustomer, you cansave your organizationa bundle ofmoney withRedHaton-site training.This coupon can be redeemed for 10%off on-site delivery of any Red Hat course at yourcompany location anywhere inNorth America.On-site training is the ideal solutionfor organizations with at least 12employeeswho fit theprerequisites and profile for a particular course.On-sitetrainingisdeliveredbyaRedHat InstructorwhoisRHCEcertified, andincludesafullrangeof tools to ensure a valuable andproductive trainingexperience: RedHat courseware, RedHat Linux as, student manuals, handouts, documentation, labs, andsupportingdocuments, aswell as RedHat promotional items.On-sitetrainingrequiresasuitabletrainingvenue. Werecommendoneworkstationperstudentanda maximumof 16 students(8studentsmaximuminRH401.) Ifanequipped trainingroomisunavailable, RedHat canalsoprocurefullyequippedtraininglabsinalmost all U.S. cities. RedHat canalsobring amobiletraininglabon-sitetorun Red Hat traininginanyseminar roomequipped with desks, chairs, and a whiteboard.Red Hatwill assist your company'stechnical staffpriortoarrival toensurethetrainingvenueisprepared torunRedHat Linux, RedHat courses, and/or the RHCE Exam.To purchase on-site training and take advantage of this10% discount offer:Please call: 800 454 5502 ext. 4436010%discount doesnot applyto Instructor'stravel and expenses, mobileclassroomrental, or equipped facilities rental, or customtraining.Coupon/promotionmay not be combined with other discount programs or coupons. May not be used for eLearning.OHer goodfor on-site trainingdelivered anywhereinNorthAmerica, through January1, 2005. CertainRedHat Coursesmaynot beavailableinall marketsorfor on-sitedelivery. Offeringsmay change without notice. Participant is responsiblefor assessinghis orher suitability for RedHat trainingandenrollingintothe appropriate course. Void where prohibited by law.Page 52003-04-10 All RightsReserved.OCopyright Red Hat, Inc. 2003_. redhat.Activate your Red Hat Enterprise Linux Subscription and Leverage All of the Capabilitiesof Your Open Source SolutionYour EnterpriseLinux subscription is more thanan operating system. It is how RedHatdelivers the technology, maintenance, and support that keep your systems secure,reliable,andup-to-date. How do youget it? Activate your subscription.Activate your subscription today so we can help you:Keep your systems secure - Get the latest, extensively testedsecurity patchesthrough RedHat Network.Access support you can trust - Deploy confidently with the backing of the Linuxexperts at RedHat.Automate everyday maintenance tasks - Save time and become more productiveby usingRedHat Network to manage your systems.Get the latest software faster - Always testedandready to go throughRedHatNetwork.Better performance and support - Systems running the latest updates willperformbetter and will be easier to maintain.Grow your technology infrastructure responsibly - Subscriptions are an easier,more efficient way of doingbusiness.Your subscription includes access to RedHat Network, a web-basedsystemsmanagement tool. Designed to simplify maintenance tasksand enhance productivity,RedHat Network delivers update services electronically andmakes systemsmanagement flexible. Withautomatic delivery of the latest RedHat technology, youcanselect the right updates, patches and upgrades for your environment.Getting the most out of your subscription is easy. Follow the steps athttp:/twww.redhat.com/software/rhel/register/howto andput your EnterpriseLinuxsubscription to work.(" redhat.Red Hat Sales Representatives(2005)Interested inmore Red Hat training courses? Need more information before enrolling?Our sales representatives are just a phone call or an email away.Note: Enterprise reps work wilh customers wilh1000+ employees; 5MB reps iI Red Halllllining c::oP"SO taughl by Rod Hat. n:. 0' a Red Hal CertilliedTrainil9 Partrer. Ant isaviolatonof U.S. and Inlan'laliomlrownltts. NooIflis po.ti(;alion may beplw:llOlllpied, "-4llicaled. SlOredio a .(lIrievalsyslam, 0< ot>erwise lllP'odJced wmhoul prio /dev/fdO ddRHEL also provides a pxeboot directory with a kernel and initial RAM disk that may be accessed by systemsthat support the Pre-boot Execution Environment (PXE).Second Stage InstallerThe second stage installer, once located and loadedby the first stage, drives the remainder of the installationprocess.{({{((Copyright 2003Red Hat, Inc.All rights reserved.2003-11-24RH300 Unit 1 Page 12IInstaller Features noprobe andKickstart modes available linuxmediacheck tests media integrity Multiple Interfaces: graphical starts X server anda GUI installer seamless integration of Disk Druid with rest of installationprocess works with (DROM, hard drive, NFS installation text Menu-based terminal interface

_ "1OOIHUl3-1FO' use rdt by altudelterrdled in a Red Hal taring CClUlliietaughtbyRed Hal, Inc.. IRed till CettffieclTl1Inng PaI!nef.Anyolherute is a'tIiaIalion dU.s. 8"Id i'llemnmal copfJV18. No part of has may be photocopied. sIored n areRMIIl)'Slem. or ohefwilewitolA priofIIIfi1Ilrl mnsenlof Red Ha,Inc..lfyou beieve Red HaltnmngI1Illerials lie being ilJ1llOP4!l1Y used, coped,II' distrlblmd pleaseemal traiWlg@redhalamorItDoo Idl-froo (USA) +1 8i6 626 2004 or+1(919) 754 3100.noprobemode allows and requires complete control over aUinstallation parameters. Kickstart mode permitsautomated installation.The graphical interface makes installation easy and intuitive. The graphical interface can be started in lowre smode, whichmeans it uses lower screen resolution settings for the installation.Copyright 2003 Red Hat, Inc.All rights reserved.2003-11-24RH300 Unl11Page 13IRedHat Enterprise LinuxInstallation Graphical installation is default Installation Options: language, keyboard and mouse selection disk partitioning network and firewallconfiguration authenticationsetup package selection X server configuration-'14

_ RH300-RHEl31Few L66 only b'j asl1Jllenlerrolled in a Red Hal t /dev/tty9 &When mingetty displays the contents of /ete/ issue,it expands certain escape sequencestbat mayappear in thatfile. See the mingetty(8) man page for details.t((((Copyright 2003 Red Hat, Inc.All rights reserved.2003-11-24RH300 Unit 2 Page 16IControlling Services Utilities to controldefault service startupntsysv: ncurses based utility usable in virtualconsoleschkconfig: command line utility that works well with scriptsandKickstartredhat-config-services: graphical utility that requiresan X interface Utilities to controlservices manuallyservice: immediately start or stop a standalone servicechkconfig immediately starts and stops xinetdmanagedservicesat. 17r e d h a t ~Fa use ody bJ 8 stullerteMll!ld ina Red HIlt tnirqCCIIl5&tBughtby Red Ha, Inc. a I Rlld Hat Geltified TllIrq Partner. An! dh.use Is. vann dUS.lrld irterreionllJmP'fT\ltD. No partofltis pdlicalon may be pI'mlc:opied. d.tata:I, Amrd n. IttrieY8lsystem.Ofollelwise reprodu::l wihott I'i:Ir wri1en COl'Bert dRed Hli, III:. Ifyoubelieve Red Haltramgrrelerialsste beng ir!1llOperly 18ed,lXlIIied, or di:slrlMmd please email trairing@redhaLcomorph)neIol-f188{USA.)+1866 626 2994 or +1 (919) 7543700.The job of the SystemV initialization scripts is to start services at boot time. Most of these services runas daemons, such as lpd. croll and selldmail. RedHal Enterprise Linux includes several utilities lhalfacilitate the managment of System V initialization.ntsysvis a consolebased interactive utilitythat allows you to control what services runwhen entering a givenrunlevel. This utility is used during systeminstallation, but can be runfrom the command line. Il configures the current runlevel by default. By using the--level option you can configure Olher run levels. redhat-config-services is an X client that presents a display of each of the servicesthat are started and stopped at each run level. Services can be added. deleted, or re-ordered inrun levels 3 through 5 withthis utility.chkconfiq is a command-line utility. When passed the --list switch. it displays a listof all SystemV scripts andwhether each one is turned on or off at each run level. Scripts canbe managed at each run level with --addor --del switches, or with the on and offchkconfig directives should the script not have predefined runlevels for service. The service command is used10 start or stop a standalone serviceimmediately; mostservices accept the arguments start, stop, restart, reload, condrestart. andstatus as a minimum. The redhat-confiq-services and chkconfiq commandswillstart or stop anxinetd-managed service as soon as you configure it on or off. Standalone services won'tstart or stop untillhe system is rebooted or yourun the service command.Copyright 2003 Red Hat, Inc.All rights reserved.2003-1124RH300 Unit 2 Page 17IEnd of Unit 2 Questions and answers Summary What functions does the kernel perform at boot? What are theSystemV runlevels? What commands can youuse for shutting downand rebooting?'-'18

(Fa 1Morty l7t 8 studenterwoled ina R8d Hal tniring course taught by Red H"lnc. a8 Red Hal Certifed Traiing Partner. Ant ether use is 8viaali:ln rJ US. and lrtemalonal No part oftlis pi,Clcalon may be pI'Ictompi!:ld, stored fl8retrilMll system, orollerw8e roprodL.Ced wlkll' IIDr wri!enC0f6en1 dRed Hal., Ire.II)'Oubeliew Red Hallrairilll ITlIterials a18 beilg in1llOpel1y lBed,lXljIild, or di.'lb'illlled please email trairing@redllalcomorpllClnelol-free(USA)+1 866 626 2994 or +1(919) 7543100.Important files covered in this Unit:letc/inittab/etc/init .d/etc/rc.local/etc/rc.sysinitIboot/grub/grub.confImportant commands covered in this Unit:grub-installgrub-md5-cryptinitmingettychkconfigntsysvredhat-config-servicesserviceCopyright 2003 Red Hat, Inc.All rights reserved.2003-11-24RH300 Unit 2 Page 18Red Hal TrainingLab ProceduresUnit 2 LabManaging the Boot SequenceRH300 Lab 2Managing Ihe Baal SequenceGoal: Controlservices started by init,boot the machine into different runlevels.Setup at Start: RunningRedHat Enterprise Linux System,logged on as the root user.Copyright (c) 2003 Red Hal, Inc. 1 of 3 RHEl..3-12003-1124Red Hat TrainingLab ProceduresSequence 1: Disabling services with chkconfigScenario/Story:YOLI have decided to disable unneeded services on your machine.Tasks:1. Use chkconfig to view the status of the system services:chkconfig--list2. Following the example below use chkconfig to turn off isdnin all runlevels:chkconfig --del RH300 Lab 2Managing the Boot Sequence3. Using chkconfig's syntaxinformation displayed with chkconfig--help, turn off service kudzuin runlevels 3and 5 only.4. Observe the differencesbetween on and --add, and between off and --del usingthe followingcommands:chkconfig isdn--listchkconfig isdn onchkconfig isdn--listchkconfig isdnoffchkconfig isdn--listchkconfig isdn --delchkconfig isdn--listchkconfig isdn --addchkconfig isdn--list5. Use chkcon figto view the status of the system services and to verify your changes.Deliverable:A machine with several default services disabled.((Copyright (c) 2003 Red Hat, Inc. 2 of 3 RHEL3-12OO3--1124RedHat TrainingLab ProceduresSequence 2: GRUBTasks: Use GRUB at boot time to bring up Linux in various runlevels.RH300Lab2Managing the Boot Sequence1. Reboot Linux so that GRUB appears oli your screen. If you have specified a "timeout:" value in grub.conf youwill notice that the timer is counting down in the lower part of the GRUB display.2.Before the timer counts down to zero, press any of the "arrow" keys to halt the timer.3. Takenote of the help text in the lower part of the GRUB display.Use the up/down arrow keys to navigate tothe kernel you wishto boot.Then press the "e" key to edit the contents of grub.conf for this kernel.4. Once again, take note of the help text in the lower portion of the GRUB display.Use the up/down arrows tonavigate to the line starting with the text "kernel" and press the "e"key.5.Youare now in GRUB edit mode with the cursor at the end of the line.Press the spacebar followedby the "s"key,then press the "enter" key.You willnote that the GRUB display returns to the prior screen and now has thenew text "S" appended to the kernel line.If you wish to undo all changes you have madein GRUB, simply pressthe "ESC" key to return to the prior screen.6. Press the "b" key to boot using these grub.conf options. In this example, you will come up in runlevel "S" orsingle user.7. Following reboot, review the contents of the grub.conf file. You willnote that the change you made at theGRUB screens did not update this file.8. Repeat steps1-6 above,trying different runlevels such as "emergency", "1 ", etc.Copyright (e) 2003 RedHat, Inc. 3 of 3 RHEL3-12003-11-24((((((((((IUNIT 3LinuxFilesystemManagementredhat4 1FaLBO only by I sludllnl ervolllld in lied Ha mnirg cnul5e taugtt by Red Hal,lnc. or. Red Hal eertred Trai*lg Parttl!r. Asrf olller use Isa vidation dU.S.And IlmmationBlcopyriglts. No Pllt dlt1is lTBy be photocopied, dipli::aled, stored in.letrievaI system, orClltleiYlise reprocklced without prig" cansentof Red Hat, Inc. If)(lu belltie Red Hal tninilgmabrials lIll beingCXIpil1d, or distribumd pIIlase emallralnlng@nldhatallTlorplmetot-free (USA).... 18666262994 or t1 (919) 754 3700.Copyright 2003 RedHat, Inc.All rights reserved.20031124RH300 Unit 3 Page 1IUNIT 3: ObjectivesUpon completionof thisunit you should be able to: Explain how data is accessed and maintained Understand the filesystemhierarchy Manage the filesystemhierarchy Understand filesystemattributes Explain file Access ControlListsredhat4 2F\oowRH300-RHE.J..:I\ CprrivIIO:rOGJ Rod HoI. I"".Fa use odf by asllJdenl enrolled in 8 ~ d Hal hilling course tauglt by Red Hat Inc. or a Red Hal Certf"ed TIlIDng Partner. Ant 01l1er use is 8~ d a l i c H l of U.S.And nlemaliOlllloopyrighls. No pEllt dthis public8liln ITB)' be phma:opilld, dupUcalBd, atonld in 8retrieval systMl, or othelVlise reprot\roed 'tlI'ithout prior wrillllnCUlllelllof Red Hat Inc. tf)(lU believe Red HIlIlr8iningmalerials are being Impropertj' used, oopied, or dislribuled please emaJ lraining@redhalcomorphalelol-frllll (USA) +18i6 626 2994 or +1(919} 754 3700.Copyright 2003Red Hal, Inc.All rights reserved.2003-11-24RH300 Unit 3 Page 2((UNIT 3: Agenda Partitions and device preparation The filesystemhierarchy Initializing the filesystemhierarchy Managing filesystems with autofs Setting filesystem attributes Setting fileAccess ControlListsredhat" 3Fa" use rrit by asludenteMJlled il aR&d H8Il hilling course Iaugtt by Red Hat Inc. or. Red Hal Certflld TraiWlg Partrer. Ant olll U51I is. Yidation 01 U.S.And No j:8rt rJ this publi:afiln ll'8y be phltocopied, !kJplblEId, stonld in 8retrieYaI system, Of ottlM\;!IIl reproWllIld 'IriIklut prU writEnCO\!I&I1td Rlld Hat, Inc. If)l:lU belBY' R!ld Hat training malerials are beIngum, copied, (I' distribln:ld please emal trai'ing@redMlcomorphcrletol-free (USA) +1 fli6 626 2994 or +1(919) 154 3100.Copyright 2003Red Hat,lnc.All rights reserved.2003-11-24RH300 Unit 3 Page 3ManagingPartitions( Create partitions using: fdisk sfdisk DiskDruid - Used by Anaconda (only availableduringinstall) GNU parted - Advanced partition manipulation(create,copy,resize,etc.)?Al/etc!sysconfiq/network: - "5G;p+S / ;~ C p" - GTH0 - 7V;o c;: ilNETWORKING=yeslnoHOSTNAME=GATEWAY=NISDOMAIN=((((((COpyright 2003 Red Hat, Inc.All rights reserved.2003-1124RH300 Unit 6 Page 6IConfigurationUtilities netconfig Text-based network configuration tool Used by kudzu whennew network card foundatboot time redhat-config-network GNOME-based network configuration tool Can be launched by a non-privileged user, butrequiresauthentication as rootredhar4 7fO' lAatybf I IUInIITdIId i'li Red HIt "**vCOJ!Mby RId HaI:.Irc. IRIId HIt CrifedTrUil'l Pat1nIt:Antotleruseii' lIlcution du.s. a"ldoopyrigItI.. M) prI of IHI po..tJIi::rion""f tilwj:lica'lld, IIIknd in .. syAIm, Of ou.""-wihraA prior Ilritanan.... 01RedHa, 1nc.1f)OJ blIiMRId HIll tI'Ih'g I!'lllerill.... bcIirg in'p'qletIy\l.cl,copied,ciIll'Ilutld ..llr'Ii'ling@:eaNt.(Q'fIorp1Pl.IoI..fT81 (l.lSA)t18lB fI26 2994t1(919) 7543100.netconfig is a curses-based toollhat is used to configure network interfaces, either as a DHCPclient or with a sialic IP address, nameserver, and gateway. By default it mooifies the settings for thefirst ethemet interface (cthO), but the "-device interface" argument can be used to set upother network interfaces:netconfig--device eth2The RedHalNetworkAdminisLration Tool is a X-based utility thai can be used 10 setup ELbemel.[SDN, PPP, xDSL, token ring. CfPE. or wireless network interfaces.II can be started from thecommand line with the redhat-config-network command, or by selecting the "NetworkConfiguration" tool through the panel menuin GNOME or KDE.Note that using redhat-eonfig-network creates an alternate file hierarchy under!ete!syseonfig/networkinq. Modifying an interface with these tools will update ovaconfiguration files:one in !ete/ syseonfig/network-scripts and another in!ete!sysconfig/networking/prof iles/ . BOlh files will have the samename (e.g. ifef g-ethO) and are hard linked 10 each other.Copyright 2003Red Hal,Inc.All rights reserved.2003-11-24RH300 Unit 6 Page 7,_._._------------------------------_.IPrint SystemUser Interface BSDInterface lpr, lpq, lprm System V Interface lp, lpstat, cancel Print Queue Specification lpr -Pprinter lp-dprinter $PRINTER, $LPDESTredhat4 8cFauss ally bj a sbJdenl errdled i"Ia Red Hallrairrg aJJrseDl4lhlby R&d Hd,lrc. a a Red Hal CErtfied Trai'ing Partner.AryolJeruStl is dU.S. Wid IttematiO'laiCCIIlYf91ls. Noplri 01 ttis pOOicaicn may be ptd.or..qIied, dI4lIic8led, stored In 8 nltri(t\61 sysDn,oro!hefwisefq:Jroilced wiroutpriorWTtten c:onsenl dRed Hat. Inc.1f)'OlJ bele.& email b'8Ining@redhat.comorptooetol-fr8e(USA)+1 866 626 2994 or +1 (919) 754 3100.Kernel module handlingWhen the kernel recognizes the need for a module. it will load it using modprobe. A thread calledkmod is responsible for executing modprobe as needed.Module ConfigurationMany modules accept parameters that can be specified at load time. For example, the sb Soundblastermodule accepts irq, dIna, and io parameters which configure the system resources used by the driver.Defauh values for various parameters can be specifiedin the fete/modules. eonf configuration file.When modprobeloads a module, it will consult this file for appropriate defaults. Aliases for variousmodules can also be specified in /ete/modules. conf, as can shell commands to be executed whenloading or unloading modules. File syntax is covered in the man page for depmod, modprobe, andmodules. conf.Example fete/modules .eonf:pre-install pcmcia_core /etc/rc.d/init.d/pcmciastartalias ethOtUlipoptions sb io=Ox220 irq=7 dma=O mpu_io=Ox300ewer modules allow users to probe for the module's supported parameters, as well as the module'sauthor and a brief module description. For example, modinfo -p sb reveals the parameters discussedabove, among others.kernel.unsupportedNot alldriven; in the Linuxkernel are supportedby Red Hal. A supplementary set of unsupported kerneldriver packages are provided with the distribution. These drivers will be maintained on a best-effortbasis. If you install one of these packages, youmust manually update the kerneldependency tree andyour ini t rd:/sbin/new-kernel-pkg --mkinitrd--depmod--install \kernel-versionCopyright 2003 Red Hat, Inc.All rights reserved.2003-11-24RH300 Unit 7 Page 5I The lproc filesystem /proc is a virtual filesystem containinginformationabout the runningkernel Contents of "files" under /proc may beviewed using cat - e.g.,cat /proc/interrupts Provides information on systemhardware,networkingsettings and activity, memoryusage,andmoreredhat4 6.. n:.For use Q'lty by II skJdent ervolJed in 8 Red Hal trainll1l course taught by RecI Hat. Ill:. or a Red Hal Cettiied Traiing Partner. Ariyolhlll'use is a YioIalion rJ U.S. and InlllllllklnalalP)'rig1ta. No pari of this pl.tlkaioo may be pt.:lloc:opie 2003 Red Inc. 40f 5 RHEL3-12003-11-24RedHat Training Lab Proceduresraidsetfaulty /dev/mdO /dev/hdallRH300 Lab 7Logical Volumes and RAIDLook for errors in /var/log/messages, and note that the output of /proc/mdstathas changed:mdO : active raidS hda12[3) hdall[2)(F) hdalO(lj hda9(0]2328064 blocks levelS, 32k chunk, algorithm2 [4/3j (UU_UjTry rebooting thesystem, and look for errors that show up in dmesgand /var/log/messages at boot.1a.Pretend that before the last reboot,you powered down the system and replaced the failedhard drive. Nowyou need to insert the replacement RAID partition into the array:raidhotadd /dev/mdO /dev/hdall11.11 every1hing worked properly, /proc/mdstat should show the array rebuilding again.Copyriyhlll:> 2003 Red Hal, Inc. SofS RHEU-12003-11-24IUNIT 8The HTTP Serviceredhat4foruM onIybya s..,.,.,. en"oIled in. Red HalttannglXll.l'Se laJgI1 by Red Hal, nc.Of a As! Hal CertiledTranrg panrer. AnI alllH use is aU.S.arllil'lllllTl.'lJom Copyright 2003 Red Hal,Inc.All rights reserved.2003-11-24RH300 Unit 8 Page 1IObjectives Learn the major features of the ApacheHTTP server Be able to configure important Apacheparameters Understand proxy web serversredhat4 2For useonly bya en'ollOO in a Red Halll1lftngOOtJiSlllllaJgh by Red Hal. h:. 0':11 Red HaH)1I1i1illdTlan!'(l Partno,: Ar>/ ahefusels.viollltonor U.S.ndin\&fn:aliorelNoi=DI1 or lhisplti(:ab'lbe pI>Olocopied.P:;Iledln a rGlrilMll sysl8m, orofllll'Mseprior"";1Iefl mrurtol Red Hal. lroe. you believe ll\al Red Hal 1r.Wli'lg mal_II; Ml beirg IITpll)petlyU!ie'd. oopIed,or (listtb.J1lId pease email lranlrig@fvdlul.oomor call .. 1-919-754-::1700.Copyright /tl2003 Red Hat, Inc.All rights reserved.2003-11-24RH300 Unit 8 Page 2((IAgenda Introduce Apache Features Apache configuration files and importantparameters Squid proxy serverredhat4 3ForuM oriyb)' .sJ.denlenoliedRed Hal1ralr1ng eOUfS18 tlUghl bI' Red Hat, Ine.O' IRed HaICertliiod T,ainiJll Partrer.1vrf Olllerll5e is aviolatonol U.s.ai'd J.-.amat'oreI

Copyright 2003 Red Hat, Inc.All rights reserved.2003-11-24RH300 Unit 8 Page 3IApache Overview Process control: spawn processes before needed adapt number of processes to demand Dynamic module loading: run-time extensibility without recompiling Virtualhosts: Multiple web sites may share the sameweb serverredhil,4 4ReoRliJO(l.fIHEL3-1filruseOl"lyby a s1Udenl emJIled in It Red Hal trairi"llCOUfOO laugtc by R8d Hal, Inc. or a Red HatCertiled Tran"ll Partrer. Ar>f dheruse is 8violalonot u.s. andil"llllmaliomlCOJJtfiltoIs- No ~ oI1hisp..dcation maybe p/l(foo::opiBd, ~ 1 e d . mredina rieva! syslem. orolh&r'M5e reprodJolld wilhoul priof wnlllltl c:onsel1 01 RedHilI. Inc.II rou beliEMlln.al Red Hallrainngmal_1s am beiro illllfllPlllll' used. ooplad.Ol dislrbJlIId l1aasltemail llilni..O@redha1.00morcalIHlOO-.454-5502or+1.g19-75of-3700.The Apache server has a flexiblemechanismfor accepting requests and dispatching children toprocess them whichis abstracted imo "Multi-Processing Modules". The MPMused by default in RedHatEnterprise Linux(RHEL) is prefork, which spawns multiple child processes whenneeded justlike Apache1.3. Other MPMs are not yet available, although directives for some appear in theconfiguration file.Dynamic module loading allows a web server administrator to change Lbe behavior of Apache. Thiscan be done wil.bout recompiling any source code. and simply specifying the use of a given module.An example of a commonly used module is mod-pe r 1, used to increase Perl CGr scriptexecutionspeed.The Apache HTTP Server project web site is http://ht tpd. apache. org.Copyright 2003 Red Hat, Inc, 2003-11-24All rights reserved. RH300 Unit 8 Page 4(IApache Configuration Main server configuration stored in/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf controls general web server parameters,regular virtual hosts, and access defines filenames and mime-types Module configuration files storedin/etc/httpd/conf.d/* DocumentRoot default /var/www/html/redhdt4 5Fo.ustOfllybya su:lenl1llTOl1ed ina Red Hallrainingc:oo.ne 1&IQhI by RedHat,r.c. 0'. Red Hal Gertllecl 1ran'"9 Partner. Ant 0Ihe< use is aviolaklnol U.S. and il'illlfTllliOt' Configuration files are read fromtop to bottom. For some directives, order is important, so youshould keep parsing order in mind.Copyright 2003 Red Hat, Inc.All rights reserved.20031124RH300 Unit 8 Page 5I Apache Server Configuration MinandMax Spare Servers Log file configuration Host name lookup Modules Virtual Hosts user/groupredl1at4 6For use cnybya slldeol emllled in aRed Hallli1inlng OOUlilllaugtt by fled Hill. lnc:.or a Roo HatCertilied Tranrg Partner. Antatlef use Is I YloliIklnol U.S. 'Ildlnternaliol'el The number of spare server processes provided through the prefork M.PM can be tightly controlledinApache. Setling a maximum and minimumnumber of spare servers allows a balance betweenhighrequest readiness and lower memory utilization.LogfiJes can consist of several differenl elements, asnearly everything passed(0 or froma webserver can be logged. For a complete list of alllog file elements, refer to:http://httpd.apache.org/docs-2.0/mod/mod_log_config.htmlHostname lookups are turned off by default. When turned on, the host names of cliems will belogged, not just their IP. In general, host name lookups should remain off unless you are interestedinknowing their results on a continualbasis.Apache module fileslive in /etc/httpd/modules. For detailed infonnarion on allincluded andgenerally available modules, refer to the official Apache modules registry alhttp://modules.apache.org/.Apache supports bOlh name andmulliple [P based virtualhosts. It also enables Virtual Hosts to runassociated COl processes as a specific user and group.Copyright 2003 Red Hat, inc.All rights reserved.2003-11-24RH300 Unit 8 Page 6IVirtual Hosts

ServerName virt1.comDocumentRoot /path-to-document-root

7RiwAH3OlHlHEI...l-IFol useoniV by a slJdeft 1lmIllIld .... Red Haltlllinirgau!l81aJg11 by Red Hal, Inc. Of a Red Hal Anj Oltlllr use is ay;oldonol U.S, ardi,,*,gI1 b1 Red Hal,Ire. or a fled Hal Ceni6ed Trainirg Panrer. Nrj Olh&r use is a ......on 01 U.s. andNo partolttisl1'l*:alion lIIi!Iybe0JJIka1ed, SlOflId ina.etIieval SI'IllII\, OfOtlllaooopied, dl.Pta1lld. slo!9din a relliavals)'S1etn, orOtl&rwise reproWood wilhou'l priorwri1l8000l'6llnl 01 Red Hal. lroc. yW blIIieve lhal Red Hal 1l3inng materials ani bei'1l ilfP'tlPll'l'l U>ed, oopled, or lbtfiJul&d l1&aSe em;lil llilflir1J@lf'll'dha1.00morcall HIID-tSHifl2 Of +1-91!H544700.For example: To mount // serverl/publ ic on fmnt/ 5mb automatically upon system bOaL. place thefollowing line in fete/ fstab://serverl/public front/smb smbfs defaultstcredentials=/etc/samba!pub.cred 0 0The credenlials file, fete/ samba/pub. ered in this example, is readable ony by root and contains any usemameandpassword required to access the share:username=joepassword=entol Red Ha.lnc.lfyou be1M' RedHal trBiningmaterials.1ll bllilg inplOJlIlrly 1Md, c:qIild, or distJibLted pillaI snaillJaining@redhllLalmorphonekll-fJee(USA).1 866 626 2994 or.' (919) 754 3700.Before XIIis run, the hardware must be properly configured. The video card, monitor, keyboard,and mouse configurationis stored in fete/XII /XF86Config. The utility provided to create thisfileis redhat-config-xfree8 6. In all cases, XII, mouse and keyboard configuratoin shouldbe performedinrunlevel 3 for the best results.FirsL, confirm the proper configuratoin of the keyboard and mouse with/ sbin/kbdconfig and/sbin/mouseconfig. AfLer running these programs, it is recommendedto restart the consolemouse server (service gpmrestart).Next, run redhat -config-xfree86. In most cases after a short time youwill be presented witha graphical interface. From this interface, select your video card and monitor fromthe "Advanced"tab and the corresponding "Configure" buttons. Then choose the desired color depth and resolution.Note: you may need to modify these color depth and resolution selections if XII fails to start. Afterselecting the "OK" button, run xini t to test the configuration.If, upon the initial run of redhat-config-xfree86, you are presented with an error messagestating that an X server could not be started, you may run redhat-config-xfree86 with the"--noui" option. With this option, default values for a generic multi-syncmonitor and video cardwill be used. If this generic configuration also fails, then helpful documentation maybe foundin the/usr /XllR6/ lib/Xll/ doc directory.Copyright 2003 Red Hat, Inc.All rights reserved.2003-11-24RH300 Unit 12 Page 15IX Server Design-Server Components: /usr/XIIR6/bin/XFree86Dynamically Loadable Modules drivers: ati, s3virge, neomagic, fbdev, etc. extensions: glx, dri, etc.-ConfigurationFile Syntax ServerLayout Module InputDevice Monitor, Device, Screen

Fa UIle 0lt1 bye studenterrolled in aRadHal: Irriring ooulS8laughl by Red Hat,lnc. or aRed Hal Gertiflld 118nng Parln&r. Mf m:ooruse is 8violation du.s. and irtemalonalCOIl'fI1lI'ts. No part of ttis pmlcaliCNl may be phcUH::opied. duplicated, stored i'18relrieYal system. orO"efWsereprodLCed wihout coment of Red Hat, Inc. If you bekM! RedHal trainingrnaerials are bei1g inpmllll1y used, cqlied, ordistriblied !*lase snailnnng@redhaloomorplmebl-free(USA)+' 866 626 2994 or +1(919) 754 3700.Xfree86 Version 4 consists of one core binary and several dynamicallyloaded modules. The servercore is hardware independent and is extended throughthe configuration andloading of hardware andXl I extension specific modules at startup. Thesemodules are located in/usr/XllR6/1ib/modules, and/lib/modules/'uname The X server configuration file /etc/Xl1/XF8 6Conf ig specifies the hardware components'resources in several sections. Among them are:"Server Layout"defining individual combinations of "InputDevice" and "Screen." Only one per session isused."Module"defining which hardware and extension specific modules are calledwhen Xis started." InputDevice"defining keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, or other form of supported input device."Monitor"defining characteristics and capabilites of the physicaUy attached output hardware." Device"defining which hardware specific driver is used to communicate with the local video card." Screen"defining individual combinations of "Moni tor"and "Device" with display properties.I(Copyright 2003 Red Hat, Inc.All rights reserved.2003-1124RH300 Unit 12 Page 16IThe X Font Server-xfsis the XFree86 font serverConfiguration file /etc/Xll/fs/configIf X is installed, xfsruns by default-Font servers can be network-enabledIndividual workstations need not archive largeamounts of fonts locally Centralized font managementDefault xfs configuration allows only localhost'-'17r e d h a t ~RowRIODO-RHEl.3-1Fa use orIy by ast1.IdefIterrolled Ina Red Hat hiring cctlfSe Iaugh\ by Red Het,lnc. cr 8Red Hat certifed Trailing Partner. AIrf ctheruBll is 8vioIMion rJ U.S. 8'ld iltllfJl8iOOllICOJl'IfGIU. No part oftl'is pLbicllion may be phdDropilld, d ~ , stomd i1 a ftlbilMll system,orollerwillereprodLClld wIhout prwrlten coraentol RedHat. tnc..lfyou t:elee RedHat trakingnaertals n bei1g Inpfoperty used, c:qIild, or dBtriblted pIeae emaltraiWlg@redtllllcomorphonebl-fJee(USA)+1 866 626 2994 or +1 (919) 754 3100.FontsThere are two font subsystems used by X in Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Core X font suppon isprovided by the xfsrOIll server. In addition, a newer fint subsystem is also available, calledfontconfigIXfl. The newer systemis mainly used by applications using the GTK 2 and Qt 3 libraries.With XFree86 version 4, be sure youhave we freetype moduleloading in the "Module" section.The XFree86 version 4 server uses the frcelype library toSUppOI1 True Type Fonts.Running anetwork font serverBy default, xfslistens on a Unix domain socket and does not accept network connections. You canchange this behavior andhave xf saccept network connections by making a change in itsconfiguration file, fete/Xl! / fs/ config. Comment out the bottom line of the fLle. "no-listen=tcp". You may also want to adjust the "client-limit" option toa number suilableto your situation. NetworkfOOl servers listen on TCP port 7100.Adding fonts to the systemIn order to addfontsto the core X font system managedby xfs, make a/usr / share/ fonts/ localdirectory and copy your fontsinto it. Run the commands:ttmkfdir -d/usr/share/fonts/local/ -0 \/usr/shareffontsflocal/fonts.scalemkfontdir /usr/share/fonts/local[[you had to create the directory. run:chkfontpath --add/usr/share/fontsflocalTo add fonts to fontconf ig. create the /usr / share/ fonts/ localdirectory, copy your fontsinto it, andrun fe-cache /usr/share/fonts.Copyright 2003 Red Hat, Inc.All rights reserved.2003-1124RH300 Unl112 Page 17IEnd of Unit 12 Questions and answers Summary What properties does the X Window Systemhave? What tools are available for configuring XFree86? What purpose does xfs serve?'-'18

For use oRy by 8sludenlell'OlEd in a Red Hallniring alUlSelaughl by Red Hst, Inc.. a a Red Hal C8rtif11d Tranng Partner, Arrj I1heruse is 8vioIiD>n rJ U.S. and No part ofltispiDicaicHl may be phltoropied, duplicated, stomd he ra1riEMllsystem, orollerwise reproduced wihout II'ilrwrilen anent of Red Hal, Inc. If you belilMl RedHaltrainingmaterials are bei1g used, tqIied, or dislriblied please emailtJilnng@redhalcomorptonekll-fme(USA)+18666262994eN'+1 (919) 754 3700.Important files covered in this Unit:letc/Xll/Xletc/Xll/XF86Configletc/Xll/fs/config-/.Xauthorityletc/Xll/gdm/gdm.conf-/.xinitrc-/.xsessionlusr/share/fonts/local-1.XclientsImportant commands covered in this Unit:redhat-config-xfree86startx/xhost/xauthmetacitykwinxdmgdrnkdrnchkfontpathfe-cache(Copyright 2003 Red Hat, Inc.Ali rights reserved.2003-11-24RH300 Unit 12 Page 18RedHat TrainingLab ProceduresLab 12The X Window SystemSequence 1: Explore the X Start-up SequenceRH300 Lab 12The XWindow Systema) Create and edit /etc/Xll/xinit/xinitrc. d/xeyes, place the followinglines in it, andmake itexecutable:#!/bin/shxeyes &b) Switch to runlevel 5 if you are in another runlevel (init 5).c) Log into your system through your display manager, Le.,gdm, kdm, or xdm. What happens?d) Switch to runlevel 3 (init 3), then run the commandstartxWhat happens?d) Create and edit a file named .xsession in the home directory of one of the users you have created,addthe followinglines and make it executable:#!/bin/shxterm&exec metacitye) Switch to runlevel 5 (init 5) and log in through your display manager as that user; what happens?f)Switch to runlevel 3 (init 3) and log in as that user in a virtual console then use the startx command;what happens?Other Results or Questions:1. Outline all the steps you would take to upgrade a video card on a Linux machine, including how you wouldselect the video card to use.2. Describe what steps you would take to fix a system that was coming up in runlevel 5, but for which the cardwas misconfigured in X (effectively resulting in a locked system on boot.)Copyrtght (el 2003 Red Hal, Inc. 1 of1 RHEl3-12003-1124f(((((((((I...UNIT 13Securing Servicesredhat4For useonlybyast.ocllln 8fYoIlIId in a RillHal IraInl"9OOUllll1lalg1t by Red Hal, Inc. Of. Fler;l HalPa"n&'. /4nf ClllllfuseII aviDlllklnol U.s. andl'*'-454-550201-919-15o!.;J700The core capability is implementedin theip_lGbJes and iptableJUter kernelmodules in/ lib/modules/ /kernel/net/ ipv4 /netfil ter /. Extensions (target or match)usually involve unique kernelmodules.Match specifications for rules are also refereed to as selectors.Copyright 2003 Red Hat, Inc.All rights reserved.2003-11-24RH300 Unit 13 Page 10INetfilter Packet FlowOUTPUTo=lnspeclion point+ILocal process.-."

For use only trr'. ilOlnl erroIled In. HallJllirOng CQU'SID la>gl1 D\' fled Hal, he. or a Aed Hal Certilied T'airirg Partflll ArJf OIher use Is a violalon 01 U.s. ardl...fIiIiorBI0JPtriltt... No pIlI1 at illSpdcabl may be phaoc:opied, in a rlllrilMll s)'S19lTI, (If ollerwise roprod..ooedprior 'Millen corctrl or Fled Hill, you believelhal RedHallrainilg mal_Is 8I1l bel1llllTfllOPllll1lM(1, oopied,ot lisIrb.ll9d p_e."..at trai'WlQ@r8dhal.COtnO< call Packet fiheringtakes place withinthe kernel at the five packet filtering points shown. Note, that the filteringpoint names are case-sensitive and arein upper case.PREROUTlNG:ROllting Decision:FORWARD:lNPUT:OUTPUT:POSTROUTING:Copyright 2003 Red Hat, inc.All rights reserved.This filtering point deals with packets ftrst upon arrival. (nat)If a packet's destination address corresponds to the local system, then packets arerouted to be handled there, by a local process. If the packet is to be delivered toanother system, and packet forwarding is enabled in the kernel(see /proc/ sys/net/ipv4 / ip_forward) then packets arc directed inaccordance with the routing table.This filtering point handles packets being routed through the local system.(filter)Thisfiltering point handles packets destined for the localsystem, after the routingdecision.(filter)Thisfiltering point handles packets after they have left their sending process, andprior to POSTROUTlNG.(nat &filter)This filtering point handles packets immediately prior to leaving the system.(nat)2003-11-24RH300 Unit 13 Page 11IRule Matching Rulesinorderedlist Packets testedagainst eachrulein turn On first match, the target is evaluated: usuallyexits the chain Rule may specify multiple criteria for match Every criterionin a specificationmust be metfor therule to match(logical 'and') Chainpolicy applies if no match-"2

(((Fof USIlooy bya skld8nl emlll9d Irl a Red Halllairi!"9 courlllliaughl by RedHal.lnc. or a Red HaICllrtJ:ed Trainirg Parlref. AIrf dhaf use is a vi:llaklnol U.S. andlntemall(lmlcopyri{tols- No part 01 Ins Pldcalion maybeph iII8 beirv usvd, OOlliod,ot dislrilulOd PllaS&email tra....ing@mdhal.mmorc:alll.f!(0..45. Both methods produce a boot floppyappropriate for the system on which they were created. The floppy comains a sys linuxinstallationtargeted to aparticular system. The roOl filesystem is correcLly specified and a system-specific initialramdisk (initrd) is created.There may be some interchangeability of boot floppiesbetween systems. A boot floppy created on anIDE system may be used on another IDE system if the locations of their root filesystems differ bypassingan appropriate root=parameter at the boot prompt. SCSI and software RAID systems. onthe other hand, require kernel modules in the initrd lbat will not typically be present in the boot floppy ofan IDE system. Consequently, these systems require a more system-specific boot floppy.After booting from a boot floppy,boot sector problems may be corrected by editing/boot/grub/grub. conf if needed or by running grub-install /dev/hda.((Copyright 2003 Red Hat, Inc.All rights reserved.20031124RH300 Unit 14 Page 12IRescueEnvironment Required whenroot filesystemis unavailable Non-system specific Boot fromCOROM(boot.iso or CO #1) Boot from bootdisk. img and any requireddriver disk

Fer use only by a studentllMllled In aRed Hili tailing courselBughl by Red Hat, Inc.. or 8Rill HatCertfIlld Tranng Partner. Ant olheruse is a.,;aation of U.S.lWid inlematicnal copyrights.No pall.ofthls ptiIIicalioo mll'l be photocopied, stlred In a sr-;tem. or otherwise replOWced wiIlaJIlriXwrilion mnsentd Red Hat, Inc. If you bBieve Red Hal miningmaleri!h are bEing Improperly used, alpild. ordistrtluted please email traMmg@redhat.comorptlQ'lek:l-free(llSA)+1 866 626 2994 or +1 (919) 754 37(0.If the root filesyslem is available and mounlable, then you should be able to use ilIa fix problemstbatmay occur. When it is not. then you must use a rescue environment. A rescue environment isa streamlined RHEL system that does not require the installed OS10 run. Rather thanworking onthe broken system itself, you work outside of the system in an environment that, while morelimitedthan single user mode (or even sulogin mode), should provide enough tools to recoverrool. /V/,f There are several ways to boot intoLbe rescue environment: Boor from COROM. then type linux rescue at the isolinux promptBoot from a bootdisk.img floppy on a system with a non-bootable COROM, Ihen typelinux rescue ntthe prompt wilh the RHEL COROMin Ibe driveBool from a bootdisk.img floppy, type linuxrescue at the prompt, then specifykeyboard, language, and location of an NFS server sharing the RedHat direcloryfromthe COROMWhile the COROM approach will ofteo be available, and is fast and coovenieol, the networkrescue environment may be more easily available. The process of bringing up the rescueenvironment with a bootdisk.img Ooppy may be automated by creating a ks. cfg file on thefloppy contnining Kickstarl specificalions for keyboard, language, and NFS server.The syslinux. cfg file can be edited so that the default line automatically specifies linuxrescue. Another possibilityto consider is modifying the default line to something like linuxrescue console=ttySO, which would permit use of the rescue environment through a serialconsole.Copyright 2003RedHat, Inc.All rights reserved.2003-11-24RH300 Unit 14 Page 13IRescue Environment Utilities Disk Maintenance Utilities Networking Utilities Miscellaneous Utilities Logging: /tmp/ syslogor/tmp/anaconda.log'-'14

RriRIQOO.RIUlFa US600y by a8uclent elVdled in aRed Hallr1iringby Red Hat. Inc. or aRed Hal eertrllld Traiing Partrer. Ant olher use is aYidation of U.S. and inlematicnal copyrights.No part oflhis pOOIication may be photocoped, dLPlcaled, stlred in a relrieval sr.;;lem, orolhorwisll repro