RGLOA10 MODULE 1 SECTION 5

8/7/2019 RGLOA10 MODULE 1 SECTION 5

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SECTION 5

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Information and Communication Technology (ICT): describes a range oftechnologies for gathering, storing, producing, manipulating, printing,

retrieving, processing, analyzing and transmitting data.

Encompassescomputers, computer networks andconsumerelectronics as

well as mass-media technologies, such asdigital television andsatellitecommunications.

Tool foreconomic andsocial development: UN


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ICT: enabledbusinesses, governments andeducation institutes to perform

theirvarious tasks with greaterefficiency and accuracy.

Examples:

B

usinesses: Manageemployeerecords, accounting and payroll Insuranceco.: processclaims

Governments: analyzecensusinformation, keep track of publicrecords

Hospitals: diagnose, monitor and treat patients

Education: keep track of student registrations and academicrecords


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Buying andselling of products through andelectronicsystem- internet

Not all aspects of e-commerce areelectronic- shipping of product after apurchase

Usedby all types of businesses to sell all types of products (clothing,computers, electronicequipment, airline ticketsetc)

Businessescan provide an individually tailoredshopping experience for theircustomers

E.g.: preferences forsize, brand, color and then filtering out any productsthat do not fit preferences

Effective way forbusinesses to createrelationships with theircustomers asbusinessescreate profilesbased on customersbuying habits.

Can rewardcustomers

Auction websites: anyone with a registered account can buy andsell itemsonline

Music andvideo websites: can downloadcontent

Journals: content available on a subscription basis.


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Financial institutions to provideservices to theircustomers through the

internet or otherelectronic media.

M-banking: mobilebanking

Customerscan perform a range of financial transactions from anylocation where thereis access to a network.

Transactions:

Transfer of fundsbetween accounts

Account balances

Transaction summaries

Account payments

Ordering chequebooks

Setting up standard orders

Receiving notification of acc. transactionsvia SMS


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E-Banking: flexible andconvenient for many customers who dont have

time to physically go to thebank

Ideal way to keep up with account activity asbalances and transaction

statementscan be obtainedinstantly. Thus, budgeting.

Customers must have an account with a bank for a specified period of

time

Technology behinde-banking isvery secure

Often moresecure than regularbanking, nothing tangible, no paper trial.

But security not 100% guarantee


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Service providedby local andstate governmentsuse to provideservices

to citizens

Citizenscan register for access to publicrecords (censusinfo, gov.

budgets, articles of legislation)

Filing of income tax returnswww.sars.gov.za

Register to vote

Change andupdate personal information

Apply for gov benefits (grants andscholarship)

Renew a drivers license

Request andsubmit forms


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System of education that schools (Universities) provided to registereduserse.g. Edulink

Flexibility- no need for learners to attend a physical classroom

E-learning courses from institutionsin othercountries

Cost effective forbothstudents andinstitutions Institutions: a multi-distribution stream for material and accessibility to a

widespread pool of students

Students: easy andconvenient access to learning materials that aredeliveredoften in an attractive multimedia presentation orinteractive application. Doesnot necessitate the purchase of expensive manuals andbooks

Enables learners to participatein coursesduring out-of-work time and from alocation that isconvenient for themselves. Saves time, travelling andcan dopersonal things at home.

Provides learners with the opportunity to obtain full degrees orcertificatesoverseveral years


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Providecontinuing education courses that areshorter anddo not lead to

a professional qualification but which give the learner a chance to

acquire a new appreciation for a subject or learn a hobby orcraft, such

as painting or photography

Courses take place on internet

Learners are provided withregistration detailsso that they can access a

specific website.

Area where tutorscan submit lectures for learners to readin own time

Area forstudents assignments, askquestions and participatein

discussions

No traditional books, but only readingsin an electronic format which

studentscan print out.

Paperdocuments aresent andreceivedby post


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Working from home.

Advantages:

Some tasks areeasier to focus on away from thebustle of an office

Can plan work around family schedule

Workerscan nominate own working hours andhave agreedschedules and

timeframes for thecompletion of projects

Commuting isreduced oreliminated altogether

Companies makesavings on overheads (officespace, heating, parking andcanteens)

Disadvantages:

Few opportunities to develop workcommunities, meet new people. Canfeel isolated

Lack of teamwork

Difficult to establishboundaries within families

Homes aresmall andspaceis limited

Paying of local taxesif yourerunning yourbusiness from home


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E-mail: method of sending andreceiving mail messages over theinternet.

Must haveinternet accessin order to usee-mail

Enables fast, low-cost communication around the world

Send andreceive messages ordocumentsin electronic format, edit themand forward

Easy andquickcorrespondence

Email messagecan besent to a number of peoplesimultaneosly

Inbox holds a users messagesin a single placeenabling the messages to

bekept, re-read or opened any number of times.

Speedsup communication


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Instant Messaging (IM): enablesusers to chatusing special softwareinreal time.

one of oldest forms of communication using a computer

Msgs entered aresent instantly to the otheruser, who can then reply.

Filescan be transferred

Internet connection: no cost involved withchatting, almost likehaving anormal conversation unlikeemail.

Send andreceive photos, music, video, enabling webcams forvideoreception and transmission, voiceconversations

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP): use of internet anddigital

equipment connected to it to transmit voice traffic as opposed to using atraditional phone.

Advantage: cost. Businesscan have own private networkconnectingoffices worldwide. If telephone trafficcan be transmitted over thesamenetwork ascomputerdata, then that business will not have to incur thecostsinvolvedby a person in onecountry calling someonein anothercountry using the normal telephonesystem.


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Really Simple Syndication (RSS) : givesusers opportunity to keep up with thevarious websites and otherinternet resources they may beinterestedin.

Popular websites provide one or more feeds orchannels to whichcansubscribe

New items on thesesites will then pop-up on usersscreens automatically,without the need forusers to actively go andcheck the websites periodically.

Blogs: website where postings are madeby one or moreindividuals , andappear with the newest at the top of the page.

Used to air personal opinions or as a diary, forum forhelp andinformation onany subject.

Text based, can contain images or any other type of embeddedcontent

Usersregister for free to start account andcan have theblog available to thepublic orrestrict access to only certain people.

Businesses: establishbetterrelationships with theircustomersby writing insuch a way as to give a betterunderstanding of what they do and who theyare.

Also keep customersinformed of new products andcan write morejournalsandcoverevery topicimaginable.


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Podcasts: Portable On- DemandBroadcast.

Extension of RSS concept.

Content can besubscribed to and automatically downloaded

Userscan obtain episodes of tv shows as podcasts, andview them on aPDA.

Virtual Communities: Online group of people who communicatedusing avariety of software technologiesrather than through physical contact ormore traditional means. Someexamples of the ways peoplecan interactare:

Social Networking Websites: FaceBook andBebo. FaceBook offers linkedcommunities whichuserscan join.

Bebo givesusers the opportunity to createcustomised profiles with plug-in componentssuch as adrawing module, theresultscan beuploaded to otherBebo users.

Internet Forums: structured, moderated way of communicating and arecommonly used for onlinesupport and providing technical assistance.

It will cover a broadsubject. It may bedivided to multiple topics.


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Chatrooms: virtual rooms that enable many users to connect andchat together at thesame timein a more formal and lessregulated way than wouldbe thecase with forums. They are normallybased around a broad topic.

Online Computer Games: Online gambling sites, e.g. playing poker against otherusers anywherein the world.


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Explosion in highspeedinternet anddigital audio andvideo deviceshas

madeit extremely easy for anyone to publish audio, digital photographs,

video and makeit available to otherusers.

YouTube (video uploads)

Flickr (photo uploads)


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Onlinecommunities also have people with maliciousintent.

Onecan minimizeexposure to problemsby taking common-sensesteps:

1. Disclose as little personal information as possible. Use an invented name

and never givereal addressdetails, phone numbers or age and gender

details

2. Create an email account on a freeservicesuch asGmail, anduse this

account if an e-mail addressisrequired, e.g. when registering for a

forum

3. Ensure that children are monitored anduse moderated forums and

chatrooms

4. Information postedis publicly available, andsubject to thesame laws as

any publicly madecomments.

RGLOA10 MODULE 1 SECTION 5

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