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![Page 1: RGB Intensity Based Variable- Bits Image Steganography 2008 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference (APSCC 2008) 1 st International Workshop on.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051116/56649d385503460f94a11b56/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
RGB Intensity Based Variable-Bits Image Steganography
2008 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference (APSCC 2008)1st International Workshop on Multimedia, Information Privacy & Intelligent Computing Systems
December 9-12, 2008, Yilan, Taiwan
Mohammad Tanvir Parvez
&
Adnan Abdul-Aziz Gutub
College of Computer Sciences & EngineeringKing Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM)
Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
![Page 2: RGB Intensity Based Variable- Bits Image Steganography 2008 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference (APSCC 2008) 1 st International Workshop on.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051116/56649d385503460f94a11b56/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /212
Outline
The problem Instance Goals
Algorithm Idea Step Examples
Experimentations Visual and statistical analysis Comparisons
![Page 3: RGB Intensity Based Variable- Bits Image Steganography 2008 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference (APSCC 2008) 1 st International Workshop on.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051116/56649d385503460f94a11b56/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /213
The Problem
Hide (embed) a file within another file
Cover FileData File
![Page 4: RGB Intensity Based Variable- Bits Image Steganography 2008 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference (APSCC 2008) 1 st International Workshop on.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051116/56649d385503460f94a11b56/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /214
Applications
Hiding copyright info
Avoid snooping
Data encapsulation E.g. explanatory information within X-ray images
Copyright protections
![Page 5: RGB Intensity Based Variable- Bits Image Steganography 2008 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference (APSCC 2008) 1 st International Workshop on.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051116/56649d385503460f94a11b56/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /215
Algorithmic Goals
Secure Less Distortion
Visual Statistical (like Histogram)
Not guessable Data location
High capacity Not dependent on cover image
![Page 6: RGB Intensity Based Variable- Bits Image Steganography 2008 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference (APSCC 2008) 1 st International Workshop on.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051116/56649d385503460f94a11b56/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /216
The Idea
![Page 7: RGB Intensity Based Variable- Bits Image Steganography 2008 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference (APSCC 2008) 1 st International Workshop on.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051116/56649d385503460f94a11b56/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /217
Algorithm: Features
One channel as indicator
Data in one of the other channels
Variable-bits per channel Lower color value – Higher no of bits
![Page 8: RGB Intensity Based Variable- Bits Image Steganography 2008 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference (APSCC 2008) 1 st International Workshop on.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051116/56649d385503460f94a11b56/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /218
Algorithm Outline
82 45 91
R G BThe Algorithm
1. Chose an indicator
2. Chose the channel
3. Decide no of data bits
- Partition scheme
4. Get & store the data [say
1101]
5. Modify the other channel
(if needed)
82 45 911
82 45 912
01011101 45 010110114
01011101 45 010110105
01010010 45 010110113
93 45 91
![Page 9: RGB Intensity Based Variable- Bits Image Steganography 2008 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference (APSCC 2008) 1 st International Workshop on.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051116/56649d385503460f94a11b56/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /219
ExampleX: 1 Y: 1RGB: 255, 255, 255
X: 215 Y: 63RGB: 33, 8, 4
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X: 215 Y: 63RGB: 33, 8, 115
X: 1 Y: 1RGB: 254, 255, 255
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Up to 7 bits have been modified
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Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2110
Expectations
Secure Random indicator sequence
Statistically undetectable Only lower bits are changed
High capacity
How much of these can be achieved?
![Page 11: RGB Intensity Based Variable- Bits Image Steganography 2008 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference (APSCC 2008) 1 st International Workshop on.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051116/56649d385503460f94a11b56/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2111
Experimentations
Image size: 640 X 480, Bit depth: 24No of pixels = 307200
Image size: 150 X 117, Bit depth: 24Data length = 150896 bits
Cover Image Data File
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Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2112
Experimentations
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Pixels utilized: 50939 Constant 3 bits per channel
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Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2113
Experimentations
Pixels utilized: 41061 3/4 bits per channel
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![Page 14: RGB Intensity Based Variable- Bits Image Steganography 2008 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference (APSCC 2008) 1 st International Workshop on.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051116/56649d385503460f94a11b56/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2114
Experimentations
Pixels utilized: 38364 Constant 4 bits per channel
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![Page 15: RGB Intensity Based Variable- Bits Image Steganography 2008 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference (APSCC 2008) 1 st International Workshop on.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051116/56649d385503460f94a11b56/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2115
Experimentations
Pixels utilized: 35791 4/5 bits per channel
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![Page 16: RGB Intensity Based Variable- Bits Image Steganography 2008 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference (APSCC 2008) 1 st International Workshop on.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051116/56649d385503460f94a11b56/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2116
Histograms
-50 0 50 100 150 200 250 3000
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Histogram of Red channel: cover image
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Histogram of Red channel: stego file
![Page 17: RGB Intensity Based Variable- Bits Image Steganography 2008 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference (APSCC 2008) 1 st International Workshop on.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051116/56649d385503460f94a11b56/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2117
Histograms
Histogram of Green channel: cover image
Histogram of Green channel: stego file
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Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2118
Histograms
Histogram of Blue channel: cover image
Histogram of Blue channel: stego file
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![Page 19: RGB Intensity Based Variable- Bits Image Steganography 2008 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference (APSCC 2008) 1 st International Workshop on.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051116/56649d385503460f94a11b56/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2119
Comparison
TechniqueNo of data bits
per channel (bits)
No of pixels of cover media utilized
(pixels)
No of pixels of cover media utilized (percentage)
Intensity Based
Variable-Bits
3 50939 16.58%
3 or 4 41061 13.37%
4 38364 12.49%
4 or 5 35791 11.65%
Pixel Indicator
2 + 2 77578 25.25%
3 + 3 59051 19.22%
4 + 4 44687 14.55%
![Page 20: RGB Intensity Based Variable- Bits Image Steganography 2008 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference (APSCC 2008) 1 st International Workshop on.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051116/56649d385503460f94a11b56/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2120
Comparison: High Capacity
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Pixels utilized: 16.5% Constant 3 bits per channel
Our Algorithm
Pixel Indicator Algorithm
Cover Image
Data File
![Page 21: RGB Intensity Based Variable- Bits Image Steganography 2008 IEEE Asia-Pacific Services Computing Conference (APSCC 2008) 1 st International Workshop on.](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022051116/56649d385503460f94a11b56/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Presented at APSCC 2008 in Taiwan, by Adnan Gutub, from KFUPM, Dhahran. Saudi Arabia /2121
Summary
New idea in image based steganography Variable-bits per channel
High capacity algorithm
Secure Random indicator sequence