REVISIONREVISIONTropical Rainforest Tropical Rainforest

Case StudyCase Study

Papua New GuineaPapua New Guinea

What do these words What do these words mean?mean?

ExploitationExploitation

Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development

ConservationConservation

Key TermsKey Terms

ExploitationExploitation- environment is used in a way that it will be of no use to environment is used in a way that it will be of no use to

future generationsfuture generations

Sustainable developmentSustainable development- development of an area in a way that will help preserve development of an area in a way that will help preserve

it for future useit for future use

ConservationConservation- managing the environment in a way to protect it from - managing the environment in a way to protect it from

changechange

IntroductionIntroduction

Where is the case study?Where is the case study?

What kind of ecosystem exists in Papua What kind of ecosystem exists in Papua New Guinea?New Guinea?

Provide information on the populationProvide information on the population

IntroductionIntroduction

Where: Where: Eastern half of New Guinea and surrounding islands, Eastern half of New Guinea and surrounding islands, SE of AsiaSE of Asia, ,

NW of AustraliaNW of Australia

What:What:Consists of Consists of rainforestrainforest (3rd largest area in world) & (3rd largest area in world) & coral reefscoral reefsRich ecosystemRich ecosystem (9000 species plant, 250 species of mammal, 700 (9000 species plant, 250 species of mammal, 700

species of bird)species of bird)4 National Parks including ‘McAdam4 National Parks including ‘McAdam’’

Who:Who:Population: Population: 4.5 M, 4.5 M, many living in rainforests farming for many living in rainforests farming for

themselves.themselves.Difficult to provide services to peopleDifficult to provide services to people; 70%literacy rate but lower ; 70%literacy rate but lower

in remote area, in remote area, 12,500 people to a doctor12,500 people to a doctor

ExploitationExploitation

Government plans exists attempting to Government plans exists attempting to legalise logging. legalise logging.

The The rainforest has been mapped and rainforest has been mapped and areas sold to TNC’sareas sold to TNC’s for logging for logging

Land owners are not consultedLand owners are not consulted and and made to agree for little money in returnmade to agree for little money in return

Landowners get 10 kina per m3Landowners get 10 kina per m3 Loggers sell at 160 kina per m3Loggers sell at 160 kina per m3

ExploitationExploitation

Give examples of exploitation in Papua Give examples of exploitation in Papua New Guinea.New Guinea.

Be specific-Be specific- where are we talking about? where are we talking about?

AitapeAitape

Government organised logging of 5,000 hectaresGovernment organised logging of 5,000 hectares, , 85% owned by companies, 15% by locals.85% owned by companies, 15% by locals.

To be cleared to To be cleared to grow palm oilgrow palm oil but this needs fertile but this needs fertile soils and soils and nutrients are lost after felling.nutrients are lost after felling.

A A drop in the hardwood marketsdrop in the hardwood markets resulted in the resulted in the project stopping after clearance of 1,000 hectares.project stopping after clearance of 1,000 hectares.

What are the problems with this???What are the problems with this???

Sissano LagoonSissano Lagoon

Area with high priority for marine bio-diversity & Area with high priority for marine bio-diversity & prawn prawn fishing.fishing.

A very A very fragilefragile coral reef ecosystem.coral reef ecosystem.

In 1996, In 1996, Lou Oil Palm ProjectLou Oil Palm Project planned for area. This planned for area. This involved involved moving the Sissano communitymoving the Sissano community inland. inland.

Forests were lostForests were lost which in turn which in turn altered sediment altered sediment levelslevels which disturbed and which disturbed and killed off coral reef.killed off coral reef.

Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development

Many Many countries have given aidcountries have given aid to to Papua New Guinea to help them Papua New Guinea to help them to to sustainably develop the rainforest.sustainably develop the rainforest.

Examples of sustainable Examples of sustainable developmentdevelopment

Outline what happened Outline what happened at Kikori Basin.at Kikori Basin.

Explain about the Explain about the Collingwood BayCollingwood Bay Community Land Care Community Land Care ProjectProject..

Kikori BasinKikori Basin

Chevron Inc discovered oilChevron Inc discovered oil here in 1990’s and a here in 1990’s and a pipeline was built to export oil.pipeline was built to export oil.

Partnership between Chevron and Kutubu Joint Partnership between Chevron and Kutubu Joint Venture ProjectVenture Project exists to exists to work with localswork with locals to allow to allow them to use resources e.g. them to use resources e.g. sale of butterflies, fish sale of butterflies, fish farming to managing conserved areasfarming to managing conserved areas..

TrainingTraining for locals is provided. As a result for locals is provided. As a result 10,000 10,000 villagers lives and environment has improved.villagers lives and environment has improved.

Collingwood BayCollingwood Bay

To protect nature and cultural heritage.To protect nature and cultural heritage.

To help Masin locals plan for sustainable To help Masin locals plan for sustainable development through development through ecotourism.ecotourism.

Development of cottage industries – Development of cottage industries – Greenpeace has helped with the selling of Greenpeace has helped with the selling of Tapa cloth in the USA.Tapa cloth in the USA.

Production is kept small-scale.Production is kept small-scale.

Tapa Cloth

Examples of ConservationExamples of Conservation

Crater MountainCrater Mountain

Eco-lodges

ConservationConservation EcotourismEcotourism has been introduced to help conserve has been introduced to help conserve Crater Crater

MountainMountain..

Crater Mountain is an area filled with various species of wildlife Crater Mountain is an area filled with various species of wildlife but also threatened by logging, mining and oil drilling.but also threatened by logging, mining and oil drilling.

The area was The area was declared a Wildlife Management areadeclared a Wildlife Management area to to encourage the government not to permit destruction of the area.encourage the government not to permit destruction of the area.

They have now They have now set up eco-lodgesset up eco-lodges built for visitors to experience built for visitors to experience a a nature-based holidaynature-based holiday and and local people were used as guides.local people were used as guides.

Literacy levels amongst guides were a problemLiteracy levels amongst guides were a problem..

Conflicts between groups Conflicts between groups of people involvedof people involved

What do you think the main conflicts What do you think the main conflicts were?were?

What would the TNC’s opinions be?What would the TNC’s opinions be?

What would the local tribes people’s What would the local tribes people’s opinions be?opinions be?

Typical QuestionsTypical Questions

With reference to an area you have studied With reference to an area you have studied explain how exploitation affects the tropical explain how exploitation affects the tropical rainforest [6]rainforest [6]

Explain what is meant by the term ‘sustainable Explain what is meant by the term ‘sustainable development’ [2].development’ [2].

With reference to an area you have studied With reference to an area you have studied describe sustainable projects put in place and describe sustainable projects put in place and how they affected the local area and people [6]how they affected the local area and people [6]

LEARN IT!!

Remember to be specific!

You should have all of these notes already but see the school website if you are missing anything.

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