REVISED CHECKLIST OF THE VERTEBRATES OF · PDF file · 2013-10-02REVISED CHECKLIST...

2002 . Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 111(2) :182–21 4

REVISED CHECKLIST OF THE VERTEBRATES OF INDIAN A

Thomas P. Simon : Indiana Biological Survey, Aquatic Research Center, 6440 FairfaxRoad, Bloomington, Indiana 47401 US A

John O. Whitaker, Jr . : Department of Life Sciences, Indiana State University, TerreHaute, Indiana 47809 USA

John S. Castrale : Indiana Division of Fish and Wildlife, R.R. 2, Box 477, Mitchell ,Indiana 47446 USA

Sherman A. Minton : 4840 East 77th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46250 US A

ABSTRACT . The vertebrate fauna of Indiana recorded since the time of European settlement number s208 fish, 38 amphibian, 54 reptilian, 401 avian, and 68 mammalian species . Currently, 19 fish, 9 amphib-ian, 16 reptilian, 44 avian, and 13 mammalian species within the political boundaries of Indiana requir eprotection due to man's impact. Within the last 200 years, 26 native vertebrate species in Indiana hav ebecome extinct or extirpated . These include 6 fish, 1 reptilian, 8 avian, and 11 mammalian species . Thepresent vertebrate fauna of Indiana has 203 fish, 38 amphibian, 53 reptilian, 393 avian, and 57 mammalianspecies .

Keywords: Indiana, fishes, reptiles, amphibians, mammals, bird s

The current listing is intended to provide arecord of the extant and extirpated vertebrate sof Indiana over the last two centuries . The lis twas first published by Simon et al . (1993) andis updated here . It includes new informatio nand taxonomic changes . This is the first ste pin the efforts of the Biological Survey Com-mittee of the Indiana Academy of Science t ocompile a listing of all the known species o fbiota in Indiana. The taxonomic and nomen-clatural sources used for the various taxa in-clude : Fish : American Fisheries Society(1991), Burr & Warren (1986), Mayden(1989), and Etnier & Starnes (1993) ; Amphib-ians and reptiles: Minton (1972, 2001), Col-lins (1990), and Conant & Collins (1991) ;Birds : American Ornithologists' Unio n(1998) ; Mammals: Wilson & Reeder (1993 )and Mumford & Whitaker (1982) .

The following codes were established to fa-cilitate documentation of the vertebrates of th estate (Tables 1, 2) . The general range in In-diana is indicated as : statewide (I), north (N) ,south (S), west (W), east (E), central (C), andvarious combinations of these regions . Rela-tive abundance refers to the general popula-tion levels of the species within the state . De-

Deceased.

pending on local and seasonal conditions, thepopulation levels will vary . Relative abun-dance is broken down into four categories : A= abundant, C = common, 0 = occasional ,and R = rare . Abundance categories var ybased on size of the animal. Extirpated specie s(Ex) are listed along with the estimated dateof disappearance. In some cases, this date re-fers to the last time a voucher record of th especies was collected (Whitaker & Gammo n1988) . The status of the species refers to th econservation designations of the U .S . Fish andWildlife Services Office of Endangered Spe-cies, Endangered and Threatened Wildlife andPlants (USOFR 1996) and of the Indiana De-partment of Natural Resources summarized i nRare Animals of Indiana (Indiana Departmen tof Natural Resources 1999) . Federally endan-gered species are denoted as FE, threatened asFT, and candidates for federal listing as FC .State endangered species will be representedby three codes: state endangered (SE), statethreatened (ST), and special concern in nee dof further study (SC) . An additional designa-tion, exotic (X), is included for accidentallyor deliberately released species . One addition -al code is included for birds (Table 2) to in-dicate main seasonal occurrence : S = summer

182

SIMON ET AL.—VERTEBRATES OF INDIANA

18 3

resident, W = winter resident, R = year-roun dresident, M = migrant, A = accidental, H =hypothetical, and * = breeder and [1] = for-mer breeders. The listing of birds has bee ngreatly improved due to the establishment an dwork of the Indiana Bird Records Committe eof the Indiana Audubon Society .

DISCUSSION

The vertebrate fauna of Indiana recordedfrom the time of European settlement number s203 fish, 38 amphibian, 54 reptilian, 401 avi-an, and 68 mammalian species . Species firs tdescribed as new from Indiana include 34 fish ,3 amphibians, 6 reptiles, and 2 mammals .Within the last 200 years, 26 native vertebratespecies in Indiana have become extinct or ex-tirpated . Of those lost, 6 species were fish ; 1was a reptile ; 8 were birds ; and 11 were mam-mals . Another 18 bird species (13 not includ-ing extirpated species) no longer nest in thestate. Through accidental or deliberate release ,21 species of fish and 9 additional bird specie shave become established, although one ofthese bird species has been recently lost. Cur-rently, 19 fish, 9 amphibian, 16 reptilian, 44avian, and 13 mammalian species within thepolitical boundaries of Indiana require protec-tion due to man's impact . An additional 6 am-phibian, 3 reptilian, 30 avian, and 2 mam-malian species are considered hypothetical inoccurrence in the state because specimen shave not been collected . The present fauna llist for Indiana includes 203 fish, 38 amphib-ian, 53 reptile, 393 bird, and 57 mammal spe-cies .

ACKNOWLEDGMENT S

The authors wish to thank the BiologicalSurvey Committee of the Indiana Academy o fScience for the charge of assembling this lis tof taxa. Additional thanks is specifically ex -tended to Alan Bruner, Bill McKnight ,Charles Keller, Kenneth Brock, Dan Webster ,and to several anonymous reviewers for com-ments on previous drafts of the manuscript .

LITERATURE CITEDAmerican Fisheries Society . 1991 . Common and

Scientific Names of Fishes from the Unite dStates and Canada . American Fisheries SocietySpecial Publication 20 . 183 pp .

American Ornithologists' Union . 1998. Check-lis tof North American Birds. 7th ed . American Or-nithologists' Union. 829 pp .

Burr, B .M. & M.L. Warren, Jr. 1986. A Distribu-tional Atlas of Kentucky Fishes . Kentucky Na-ture Preserves Scientific and Technical Series 4 .398 pp .

Castrale, J .S ., E .M. Hopkins & C .E. Keller. 1998 .Atlas of Breeding Birds of Indiana . Indiana De-partment of Natural Resources . Indianapolis . 388PP -

Collins, J .T. 1990. Standard common and curren tscientific names for North American amphibiansand reptiles, 3rd ed . Society for the Study of Am -phibians and Reptiles Herpetological CircularNo . 19 . 41 pp .

Conant, J . & J .T. Collins . 1991 . A Field Guide toReptiles and Amphibians : Eastern and CentralNorth America . Houghton Mifflin, Boston . 608PP .

Etnier, D .A. & W.C. Starnes . 1993 . The Fishes o fTennessee. University of Tennessee Press, Knox -ville. 681 pp .

Gerking, S .D. 1945. The Distribution of the Fishesof Indiana . Investigations of Indiana Lakes andStreams 3 :1–137 .

Indiana Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) .1999. Rare animals of Indiana. Indiana Depart-ment of Natural Resources, Indianapolis . 8 pp .

Lee, D .S ., C .R. Gilbert, C .H. Hocutt, R .E . Jenkins ,D .E . McAllister & J .R. Stauffer, Jr. 1980. Atlasof North American Freshwater Fishes . NorthCarolina State Museum of Natural History, Ra-leigh, i–x + 854 pp .

Mayden, R .L . 1989. Phylogenetic Studies of NorthAmerican Minnows, with Emphasis on the Ge-nus Cyprinella (Teleostei : Cypriniformes) . Mis-cellaneous Publications University Kansas Mu-seum Natural History 80 . 189 pp .

Minton, S .A ., Jr. 1972. Amphibians and Reptilesof Indiana. Indiana Academy of Science Mono-graph 3 . 346 pp .

Minton, S .A ., Jr. 2001 . Amphibians and Reptile sof Indiana. Indiana Academy of Science, Indi-anapolis . 404 pp .

Mumford, R .E. & C.E. Keller. 1984. Birds of In-diana . Indiana University Press . Bloomington .376 pp .

Mumford, R .E . & J .O. Whitaker, Jr. 1982. Mam-mals of Indiana . Indiana University Press . Bloo-mington . 537 pp .

Simon, T.P., J .O . Whitaker, Jr., J .S . Castrate & S .A.Minton . 1993. Checklist of the Vertebrates ofIndiana . Proceedings of the Indiana Academy ofScience 101 :95–126 .

U .S . Office of the Federal Register. 1996. Endan-gered and threatened wildlife and plants . Codeof !Federal Regulations, Title 50, Parts 17 .11 and17 .12. U .S . Government Printing Office, Wash-ington, D .C .

Whitaker, J .O ., Jr. & J .R. Gammon . 1988. Endan -gered and Threatened Vertebrate Animals of ln-

184

PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIANA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE

diana, Their Distribution and Abundance . Indi-

ington), in association with American Society o f

ana Academy of Science Monograph 5 . 122 pp .

Mammalogists . 1206 pp .Wilson, D .E . & D .M. Reeder. 1993 .

.Mammal Spe -cies of the World : A Taxonomic and Geographic Manuscript received 15 April 2002, revised 16 Sep -

Reference . Smithsonian Institution Press (Wash-

tember 2002 .

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