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REVIEWER INARALING PANLIPUNAN III

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CHAPTER 11:AGE OF FAITHMiddle Ages or The Medieval Period> Refers to the thousand years between ancient times and modern era.> Period between the fall of Rome in A.D.476 and the discovery of America in 15 th century.medius> Latin word means middle.

aevum> Latin word means period or age.

Division of European History:> Ancient> Medieval> Modern

Constantinople> capital city

Dark Ages> Fall of Rome > refers to the 1 st century after the fall ofRome.

the Christian church and feudalism> 2 institution filled in the void left byRoman Empire.

cultural concept> An institution which is a functional configuration of cultural patterns, including actions,ideas, and attitudes, which possess a certain permanence and id intended to satisfyhuman needs.harmony> Form of order

decadent> When the whole institutional setup isnot harmonious.

Barbaric> uncivilized people

The reasons why Barbaric tribes go toRome:> over population> climate> outcast

Art and Literature> wiped out when Barbaric came.

Characteristics of Barbaric:> drunkard> love to fight > gambler

Germanic or Teutonic tribes> Moved to Gaul, Spain and Italy , theydid not enslave or exterminate the peoplethey found there instead they live with thepeople they found there.

Teutons> Indo-European peoples. They wereregarded as barbarians by Romans andGreeks.

Goths> First barbarians to penetrate into theRoman Empire.> Occupied the valley of Danube and thenorthern shore of Black Sea.

2 branches of Goths:> the Visigoths (West Goths)> the Ostrogoths (East Goths)

Teutonic Tribes: (V.F.L.A.B.S)> Vandals> Burgundians> Lombards> Franks> Angles> Saxons> Jutes

Northmen> tribes in the north.

Germanic tribes> rough and ignorant > lived in tribes under a chief> laws were mostly based on superstitiousand tribal customs

Odin> the chief of their gods.

Thor> god of thunder

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Archbishops> In charge of several bishops.

Bishops > has own diocese or bishopric .

In 4 century A.D. the most importantdiocese are:> Rome

> Constantinople> Alexandria> Antioch

Bishop of Rome (Pope)> emerge as the leader and heir to theauthority of St. Peter.

St. Peter> The chief of the apostles of Christ.

Jesus gave his mantle of authority to St. Peter and Said:Thou art Peter and upon this rock I will build my church.

A.D. 1100> Bishop of Rome exclusively takes thetitle of Pope.

Pope> A word derived from papas meansfather.

5 century - A.D. 445> a decree was issued declaring theSupremacy of the Bishop of Rome overthe whole church.

Church is like that an empire because ithas:> Its own system of laws > Its own taxes> Its own courts** collects 10% on all produce from land.

Clergy> exempted from paying.

Priest> Only people who did not pay taxes.

Canon Law> Law of the Church

Patriarch> Leading church official in Constantinople.

Ecumenical Patriarch> Church leader of the world.

Catholic> meaning universal.

The Catholic Church> The Christian church in the West .> headed by the pope

The Greek Orthodox Church> The Christian church in the East .> headed by the patriarch.

Constantine> His battle credited to Christianity.> 1 st Roman Emperor to officiallyrecognize Christianity.

Edict of Milan> issued by Constantine in A.D. 313, givingChristianity a rank equal to that of anyreligion in the Roman Empire.

Emperor Theodosius I> He made Christianity the only religionof the empire.

4 Factors explain why the churchattained a dominant position:

1. It taught that salvation depended onits sacraments.

2. It had the only strong authority in theempire.

3. It controlled education.4. It controlled land ownership.

Church Sacraments:> Baptism > Penance> Confirmation > Extreme Unction> Holy Eucharist > Holy Orders

> MarriageExtreme Unction> a sacrament in which a priest prays forand touches with oil a person who isdying or is in danger of death.

Schools setup in:> Monasteries> Cathedrals> Parishes

Churchmen> Most of educated men in Europe.

Latin> The language of the church.

Abbot> Greek word means father.

Activities of those in monasteries:> Working > Praying> Sleeping

Monks> Became great Christian teacher.

Writings of Cicero, Caesar and Ovid> Copied by the monks in beautifulilluminated manuscripts.

Monasticism> Way of life of the monks.

Monasteries had first appeared in:> Egypt> Syria

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Gothic Church> Developed from the Romanesque style.> More delicate structure and had morewindows, giving plenty of light to thechurch interiors.

> Had wing like bridges of stone calledflying buttresses , which connected tothe walls to supports standing on theground outside the church.

**The Cathedrals had stained glasswindows which told stories about Jesus,Mary, and other holy personages.High Church Official> Usually head of the university.

University> comes from the Latin term universus. **All the university students wore blackgowns similar to those of the clergy.

Black Gowns> Reminding us of the medieval practice in higher education. University of Paris> Founded during the 12 th century> Model of other universities

Course offered in University of Paris:(M.A.R.L.G.A.G)> Logic > Arithmetic> Grammar > Geometry> Rhetoric > Music

> Astrology

**The university students enrolled for4 years and they graduated

Bachelor of Arts Degree> When they completed their course theywill graduated with this degree.

Masters Degree > When they study for another six years atthe school of theology, medicine or law andcompleted it they will obtained this degree.

Philosophy of Scholasticism> Another contribution of the medievalchurch to civilization.> Combined reason and faith.

St. Thomas Aquinas> Was largely responsible for scholasticism.> He taught that Aristotelian logic could beused to help a person better understand hisfaith.