Solutions: Solutes & Solvents

ReviewWhat’s the difference between a pure

substance and a mixture?What’s the difference between a

mechanical mixture and a solution?Of mechanical mixtures and solutions,

which are homogeneous and heterogeneous?

Are solutions mixtures or pure substances?

What kinds of states (of matter) can solutions be?

DefinitionsDissolve: To mix one type of matter into

another type of matter to form a solution

Solvent: The larger part of a solution; the part on a solution into which the solute dissolves

Solute: The smaller part of a solution; the part of a solution that dissolves in the solvent

Liquid SolutionsHave liquid solvents

Solvent Examples:Vegetable oil and water in food

preparation (water and iced tea)Ethanol in perfumeTurpentine in paintEthyl acetate in nail polish

Liquid Solutions [Cont’d]

Solutes that dissolve in liquids can be solids, liquids, or gases

Solid examples: salt, sugarLiquid examples: acetic acid (combined

with water for vinegar)Gas examples: carbon dioxide and

nitrogen (dissolve in our blood)

In salt water, solute = , solvent =

Solid SolutionsIn a solid solution, solute and solvent are

solid

Example: 14 carat gold = 14 parts pure gold and 10 parts other metals (silver, copper, nickel, palladium)

(24 carat gold = pure gold)

In this case, gold = solvent and other metals = solute

Solid Solutions [Cont’d]

Alloys: solid solutions with two or more metals

To make alloys: metals melted until they mix, then cooled down

Examples:Brass = alloy of copper and zincBronze = alloy of copper and tinSolvent (in examples above)? Solutes?

Gas SolutionsSolvent and solute are gases

Examples:Air = 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% argon

gas, and smaller amounts of other gasesSolvent? Solutes?