Review

Unit 1

Westward Expansion and Imperialism

A mining boom and newly laid railroad lines from the Plains to

the west coast saw this city explode in size

A mining boom and newly laid

railroad lines from the

Plains to the west coast

saw this city explode in

size Denver

Homesteaders were able to make this “Great American Desert” grow, with determination and the aid of

tech like the steel plow and mechanical reaper

Homesteaders were able to make this “Great American

Desert” grow, with determination and the aid of tech like the steel plow and mechanical reaper Great Plains

The process where a dominant power exerts its influence over

smaller powers to its own benefit – exerting sovereignty over others

The process where a

dominant power exerts its

influence over smaller powers to its own benefit –

exerting sovereignty over

others Imperialism

Cuban rebel who resisted Spanish control – he rallied many exiles in places like New York City before

returning, and dying, for his cause

Cuban rebel who resisted Spanish

control – he rallied many exiles in

places like New York City before returning, and

dying, for his cause Jose Marti

The US picks a fight with a weakening European power, and

expands its power and its territories into the Caribbean and

the Pacific through this

The US picks a fight with a weakening

European power, and expands its power and its territories into the Caribbean and the Pacific

through this Spanish-American War

Commodore Matthew Perry lands in a port here in 1853, and the US

issues trade terms to the inhabitants – they begin to

industrialize to try and catch up afterwards

Commodore Matthew Perry lands in a port

here in 1853, and the US issues

trade terms to the inhabitants – they

begin to industrialize to try

and catch up afterwards

Japan

South Dakota

The US government makes large areas of western land available

to settlers to claim and farm, for a small registration fee

The US government makes large

areas of western land available to settlers to claim and farm, for a

small registration fee Homestead Act

US troops crush a ceremonial “ghost dance” of the Lakota in this

final bloody act in the wars with tribal nations in South Dakota

US troops crush a ceremonial

“ghost dance” of the Lakota in

this final bloody act in the wars with tribal nations

in South Dakota Wounded Knee

US policies to re-educate native youth, force farm life on tribesmen

and women, and make native societies more “American”

US policies to re-educate

native youth, force farm life on tribesmen and women,

and make native

societies more “American”

Assimilation

US settlers, wealthy fruit companies, and US Marines

combine to overthrow a resistant queen and take control here

US settlers, wealthy fruit

companies, and US Marines combine to overthrow a

resistant queen and take control

here Hawaii

gg

gg

Oklahoma

The belief that white America was on a mission from God to spread

across the North American continent, regardless of who was in

the way

The belief that white America

was on a mission from God to

spread across the North American continent,

regardless of who was in the

way

“Manifest Destiny”

Sensational and provocative reporting designed to influence the reader to a specific reaction – used to drum up US support for war with

Spain

Sensational and provocative

reporting designed to

influence the reader to a

specific reaction – used to drum

up US support for war with Spain

“yellow journalism”

From “Rough Rider” to Vice President – assassination makes

him president, and his goals are for the US to become a major world

power

From “Rough Rider” to Vice

President – assassination

makes him president, and his goals are for the US to become a

major world power

Theodore Roosevelt

Running cattle from ranching areas to railroad lines across

extended sections of the Great Plains

Running cattle from ranching

areas to railroad lines across

extended sections of the Great

Plains Long Drive

Eastern edge of the Great Plains thru the Dakotas and Nebraska – helps to make the US the major

source of an important food

Eastern edge of the Great Plains thru the Dakotas and Nebraska –

helps to make the US the major source of an

important food “Wheat Belt”

After a 1,300 mile flight from the US Army, this tribe from the Pacific

northwest surrendered and was moved onto a reservation in

Oklahoma territory – far from their old home

After a 1,300 mile flight from

the US Army, this tribe from the

Pacific northwest surrendered and was moved onto a reservation in

Oklahoma territory – far from their old

home Nez Perce

This economic activity drew multitudes of Americans west,

in the hopes of quick bucks

This economic

activity drew multitudes of

Americans west, in the

hopes of quick bucks mining

The belief that superior American culture had the right, even responsibility, to improve the lives of “inferior” peoples

The belief that superior

American culture had

the right, even

responsibility, to improve the lives of “inferior” peoples

“Anglo-Saxonism” / “The White Mans’ Burden”

US President who said he wanted to have “moral diplomacy” with Latin America – but still bossed

countries like Mexico around

US President who said he wanted to

have “moral diplomacy” with

Latin America – but still bossed countries like Mexico around

Woodrow Wilson

The US seized control of this in the Spanish-American War, and

it is still a US territory to this day

The US seized control of this in the Spanish-American War, and it is still a US territory to

this day

Puerto Rico

“yellow journalism” type stories assumed what happened to this without having proof, to drum

up US support for war

“yellow journalism” type stories

assumed what happened to this without having proof,

to drum up US support for

war USS Maine

This presidential statement said the US had the right, even duty, to

“police” the western hemisphere and to resolve conflicts in Central

and South America

This presidential statement said the US

had the right, even duty, to “police” the western hemisphere

and to resolve conflicts in Central and South America

“Roosevelt Corollary”

When legal officers or systems did not exist in early western

settlements, citizens volunteered to form these to try and keep order

When legal officers or

systems did not exist in early

western settlements,

citizens volunteered to form these to try and keep

order vigilance committees

Lakota warriors crush an undermanned US force through

surprise and skill, but this “victory” would only bring more enemy onto

their lands later on

Lakota warriors crush an

undermanned US force through

surprise and skill, but this “victory” would only bring

more enemy onto their lands

later on Battle of Little Big Horn

Used high pressure water to get at deeper pockets of valuable

metals, but also caused environmental damage

Used high pressure water to get at deeper pockets of valuable metals, but

also caused environmental damage

hydraulic mining

Rebels here help the Americans against the Spanish, then feel cheated when promises of independence were not kept; 3 more bloody years of fighting will follow, and maybe 200,000 got

dead

Rebels here help the Americans against the

Spanish, then feel cheated when

promises of independence were

not kept; 3 more bloody years of

fighting will follow, and maybe 200,000

got dead

Philippines

Not direct control, but a place under political and economic

pressure from a larger power to do what they want

Not direct control, but a place under

political and economic pressure

from a larger power to do what

they want

“sphere of influence”

Chinese rebels try to drive out “foreign devils” from their country;

2,500 US Marines and other European powers crush it, and even more outside influence flows into

China afterwards

Chinese rebels try to drive out “foreign devils” from their country; 2,500 US Marines and other European powers crush it, and even

more outside influence flows into

China afterwards Boxer Rebellion

Frederick Jackson Turner worried for the future of America because

of this – he said an avenue of experimentation and progress through struggle would be lost

Frederick Jackson Turner worried for the

future of America

because of this – he said an avenue of

experimentation and progress

through struggle would

be lost

“closing the frontier”

Nomads of the Great Plains – their lifestyle was heavily tied to buffalo herds and sacred lands, and both

were under threat from US expansion

Nomads of the Great Plains –

their lifestyle was heavily tied to

buffalo herds and sacred lands, and both were under threat from US

expansion Lakota / “Sioux”

gg

Philippines

Really arrogant dude – sought a glorious victory over the Lakota,

rushed in underprepared, and got crushed and dead instead at Little

Big Horn

Really arrogant dude – sought a glorious victory over the Lakota,

rushed in underprepared, and got crushed

and dead instead at Little Big Horn

George Armstrong Custer

Hispanic communities that formed in American cities in the southwest

and west – Mexicans and other Latin ethnicities sought to retain

their culture and identity

Hispanic communities that

formed in American cities in the

southwest and west – Mexicans and other Latin

ethnicities sought to retain their

culture and identity barrios

Teddy Roosevelt’s approach that US influence would be more effectively

communicated if accompanied by obvious strength and power

Teddy Roosevelt’s

approach that US influence

would be more effectively

communicated if accompanied by obvious strength

and power “Big Stick” diplomacy

“Big Stick” diplomacy through aid of arms and funds to rebels

helped the US to build this shortcut

“Big Stick” diplomacy

through aid of arms and

funds to rebels

helped the US to build

this shortcut Panama Canal

Editor of a New York paper that engaged in jingoistic yellow

journalism to encourage the US to support war with Spain

Editor of a New York paper that

engaged in jingoistic yellow

journalism to encourage the US

to support war with Spain

William Randolph Hearst / Joseph Pulitzer

They drove the “long drive”, living an independent lifestyle

on the open range – barbed wire ends their lifestyle

They drove the “long drive”,

living an independent

lifestyle on the open range – barbed wire ends their

lifestyle cowboys / vaqueros

gg

Colorado

Chief Joseph

Maybe a little less aggressive than “big stick” but still using US power to influence events and

decisions in Latin America

Maybe a little less aggressive than

“big stick” but still using US power to influence events and decisions in

Latin America “dollar diplomacy”

US – negotiated plans for several nations to share spheres

of influence in China

US – negotiated plans for several

nations to share spheres of influence in

China

“Open Door” Policy

gg

gg

Cuba

Brutal attack on Cheyenne tribesmen, women, and children who thought they were meeting with US forces to negotiate their

surrender

Brutal attack on Cheyenne tribesmen,

women, and children who thought they were meeting

with US forces to negotiate their

surrender Sand Creek Massacre

One of the last Lakota to surrender – his vision of one of his own killing

him came true; kicked Custer’s overconfident ass at Little Big Horn

One of the last Lakota to

surrender – his vision of one of his own killing him came true; kicked Custer’s

overconfident ass at Little Big Horn Sitting Bull

Sacred lands to the Lakota – treaties guaranteeing their

protection were broken, so Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, and Red Cloud

lead resistance

Sacred lands to the Lakota –

treaties guaranteeing

their protection were broken, so

Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, and Red Cloud lead

resistance Black Hills