REVIEW The Electromagnetic Spectrum
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REVIEW The Electromagnetic Spectrum
Figure 2.5
Figure 2.6
Solar and Terrestrial Energy
Figure 2.7
II. Solar Energy: From Earth to Sun
Sun emits:• 8% UV, x-ray, gamma
radiation• 47% visible radiation• 45% infrared wavelengths
Distribution of Insolation
Tropics receive more concentrated insolation due to the Earth’s curvature
Tropics receive 2.5X more than poles
Subsolar point
REVIEW
Lecture 3: The Seasons
Seasonality
Reasons for Seasons
Annual March of the Seasons
The Tides
SeasonalitySeasonal changes
Sun’s altitude – angle above horizon
Declination – location of the subsolar point
Daylength
The Suns Position
Reasons for Seasons Revolution
Rotation
Tilt of Earth’s axis
Axial parallelism
Sphericity
Reasons for Seasons Revolution
Earth revolves around the Sun
Voyage takes ?
Earth’s speed is 107,280 kmph (66,660 mph)
RotationEarth rotates on its axis once every ? hours
Rotational velocity at equator is 1674 kmph (1041 mph)
Revolution and Rotation
Figure 2.13
Reasons for Seasons Tilt of Earth’s axis
Axis is tilted 23.5° from plane of ecliptic
Axial parallelismAxis maintains alignment during orbit around the Sun
North pole points toward the North Star (Polaris)
Sphericity
Axial Tilt and Parallelism
Figure 2.14
Earth-Sun Relations
Annual March of the SeasonsWinter solstice – December 21 or 22
Subsolar point Tropic of Capricorn
Spring equinox – March 20 or 21
Subsolar point Equator
Summer solstice – June 20 or 21
Subsolar point Tropic of Cancer
Fall equinox – September 22 or 23
Subsolar point Equator
The Egg and the EquinoxBad Astronomy: Only on the day of the Vernal (spring) Equinox, can you stand a raw egg on its end. Good astronomy: If you can stand a raw egg on end, it has nothing to do with the Equinox.
The TidesWhat are tides? Tides are periodic rises and falls of large bodies of water.
What causes tides?
Gravitational pull of the moon and the sun.
The Tides
The Tides1. Spring Tides 2. Neap Tides
The Tides