REVIEW ON COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VARIOUS …
Transcript of REVIEW ON COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VARIOUS …
Solanki et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
www.wjpr.net │ Vol 10, Issue 7, 2021. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │
261
REVIEW ON COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VARIOUS
PHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING OF GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA
LINN. IN RELATION WITH AYURVEDIC DOCUMENTED
LITERATURE
Heliben Jitendra Solanki1*, Dilip Khemji Jani
2, Kamlesh Hemantlal Bhogayata
3,
Suman Girijanandan Singh4
1PG Scholar,
2HOD and Professor,
3Associate professor,
4Lecturer
Upgraded PG dept. of Dravya Guna, Govt. Ayurveda College, Vadodara.
ABSTRACT
Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. commonly known as Yashtimadhu, Mulethi,
Liquorice, Jethimadha. Glycyrrhiza glabra is a genus of perennial
herbs and under shrubs distributed in the sub-tropical warm temperate
region of the world. Glycyrrhiza glabra is widely used in Ayurvedic
traditional literature as well as in folklore medicine. Ayurvedic
literature describes liquorice as a Rasayana (Rejuvenating) herb for
Pranavaha and Majjavaha srotas. It is mentioned in the various
classical texts for the treatment of diseases such as Varnya (Enhance
skin complexion), Balya (Strength enhancing), Shotha hara (Reduce
inflammation), Kasaghna (Treat respiratory disorder), Medhya (Increase intellectual and
cognitive power)etc. It’s a miracle that most of the proven pharmacological activities of
Glycyrrhiza glabra is mentioned in Ayurvedic Samhita by different author but it are in
Ayurveda terminology. The convential evidences about the activity are the proof that there
must be a scientific technique with the traditional healers to document the properties of herb.
The present review was done to explain the correlation of the same activities noted by two
different streams which helps to designee pathway for future pharmacological testing of
herbs.
KEYWORDS: Yashtimadhu, Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn., Pharmacological screening,
Ayurveda.
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research SJIF Impact Factor 8.084
Volume 10, Issue 7, 261-272. Review Article ISSN 2277– 7105
*Corresponding Author
Heliben Jitendra Solanki
PG Scholar, Upgraded PG
dept. of Dravya Guna, Govt.
Ayurveda College, Vadodara.
Article Received on
25 April 2021,
Revised on 15 May 2021,
Accepted on 04 June 2021
DOI: 10.20959/wjpr20217-20735
Solanki et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
www.wjpr.net │ Vol 10, Issue 7, 2021. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │
262
INTRODUCTION
Ayurveda is considered as one of the oldest traditional system of medicine accepted
worldwide. The information about the healing properties of the herbs was composed in the
form of ‘Shlokas’. More than 2000 herbs are mentioned in different Samhita for various
disease conditions. Among which Yashtimadhu is one of well-known and widely used herb.
Acharya charak has mentioned it in various Mahakashaya like Jivaniya, Sandhaneeya,
Varnya, Kanthya, Kandughna, Snehopaga, Vamanopaga, Chardinigrahana Mahakashaya
etc.[1]
As it’s an important medicinal plant it is having detailed information in the literature.
The Latin name of Yashtimadhu is Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. It belongs to family Fabaceae.
Glycyrrhiza glabra is commonly known as Mulethi in Hindi, Jethimadha in Gujarati and
Liquorice in English.[2]
It enhances the skin complexion, promote hair growth, and enhance
memory power and intellectual. Many references of Yashtimadhu are available in Ayurveda
as well as its screened pharmacological actions in modern pharmacology. Therefore, a
comparison of actions of Glycyrrhiza glabra according to Ayurveda and modern
pharmacology is required to recognize the conceptual aspects of properties of a drug. Here a
small attempt is made to enlighten how rationale the Ayurvedic explanation of drug action in
equal with screened activities.
Table 1: The Ayurvedic documentation regarding Yashtimadhu.
No. Category Conceptual Documentation
1. Name of the plant Yashtimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.)
2. Rasa (Taste) Madhura[10-11,13-15]
, Tikta[15]
3. Guna(Properties) Snigdha[13-14]
, Guru[12-14]
4. Veerya(Potency) Heema[12-15]
5. Vipaka (End product of
digestion) Madhura
[11,12]
6. Karma (Actions)
Jivaniya[10]
, Varnya[10]
, Sangrahi[10]
, Shodhana[10,16]
,
Ropana[9,10]
, Sandhana[9]
, Vrushya[16,17]
, Balya[12]
,
Trushashamaka[9-10,12-15]
, Chakshushya[10,13-15]
, Hridya[15]
,
Shukarala[13-14]
, Keshya[13-14]
, Swarya[13-14]
7. Doshaghnata Pittahara[9,12-15]
, Kaphahara[13-14]
, Raktavikarahara[15]
8. Rogaghnata(Indicated
diseases)
Jvara[9]
, Daha[9-10]
, Visha[9-10]
, Atisara[9-10]
, Yonidosha[10]
,
Bhagna[10]
, Chardi[10,12-14]
, Vrana[13-16]
, Kshaya[10,14]
, krumi[14]
,
Raktapitta[10-12]
Solanki et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
www.wjpr.net │ Vol 10, Issue 7, 2021. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │
263
Table 2: Comparative correlation of the pharmacological activities by two different aspect.
No. Pharmacological activity Result of activity
Chemical
constituent and
class
Direct or
indirect classical
reference
Ayurvedic interpretation: An
applied therapeutic feature
1.
Memory enhancing activity[19]
Aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra
were administered Orally in Three
doses of 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg for 7
days in mice. Passive avoidance
paradigm and Elevated plus-maze were
used to test learning and memory.
The dose of 150 mg/kg shows
significantly improved learning
and memory capacity.
Glabridin
Flavonoid
(Class)
Medhya[3,7]
The direct reference of the drug
in this indication. Yashtimadhu
churna given with ksheera for
medhya karma.
2.
Hair growth stimulatory activity[20]
:
2% Hydro-alcoholic extract of
liquorice and standard drug 2%
Minoxidil were screened for hair
growth stimulatory activity.
It showed that 2% concentration
of liquorice extract has a
significant hair growth activity.
- Keshya
[13-14]
The direct reference of the drug
on action.
Yashtimadhu taila Nasya is
mentioned for Keshvardhana
karma
3.
Hepatoprotective effect[21]
:
Aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra
was administered in a dose of
2gm/kg/day orally for 7 days, in
Eighteen rabbits with hepatotoxicity
(induced by Carbon tetrachloride at a
dose of 1.25 ml/kg as a mixture with
olive oil).
It shows significant result in
restoring hepatic tissue and
ameliorating liver function.
Glycyrrhetic acid
Glycyrrhizin
Astrahara
Raktavikar
hara[11,14]
There is no direct reference
regarding activity. But due to its
madhura rasa, madhura vipaka
and sheet virya beneficial in
raktavikara and thus help in
hepatoprotective activity.
4.
Enhancement of Skin complexion:
* Methanolic and aqueous extracts of
Glycyrrhiza glabra (rhizome),
Azadiracta indica (bark), Aesculus
indica(fruits), Camellia
sinensis(leaves), Nelumbo
nucifera(seed), Acasia catechu(bark),
*Extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra
(rhizome) was shown to be
potent tyrosinase inhibitors in
human skin in addition to
extracts of other.
- Varnya[10,13-14,18]
Prabha or maintenance of body
complexion is one of the
functions of pitta and bhrajaka
pitta seated in the skin radiates
the glow of one’s natural
complexion that is expressed
through varṇa. Hence the herbs
Solanki et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
www.wjpr.net │ Vol 10, Issue 7, 2021. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │
264
Mangifera indica(leaves) were
screened as highly inhibiting samples
compare to others at 1000ug/ml.[22]
* The study was carried out to assess
Yashtimadhu churna mukhalepa as a
Varnya (Complexion) In group A
(Yashtimadhu churna with honey) & in
Group B (Yashtimadhu
churna with water) was given for 45
days. Fitzpatrick scale was used as
objective assessment criteria.[23]
*There was significant
improvement in complexion after
45 days of application in both the
groups.
which alleviate pitta, rakta in
general either acting through
their rasa,
vipāka or prabhāva are
considered as varnya.
5.
Anti -Ulcer activity[24]
Hydro-alcoholic extract of G. glabra
(HEGG) was investigated in mice
using HCl/Ethanol, indomethacin,
Hypothermic -stress induced ulcer
models.
It showed that the HEGG
protected the stomachs of the
mice from induced acute
ulceration in various models.
Glabridin, glabrene,
glycyrrhizinic acid
[Flavonoid,
isoflavan, saponin
glycoside]
Pittahara[9,12-15]
Being a vata-pitta pacifier, it
flushes out the AMA toxins
from the internal layers of the
body, promotes overall health.
6.
Anti-tussive activity25
: The anti-
tussive activity of G. glabra granules
were tested compared to standard
codeine sulfate dose (10, 15 and 20
mg/kg body weight).
Results showed that G. glabra
granules did Significant (41.17%)
inhibition of cough after 60 min
of experiments.
Glycyrrhizin
[Triterpenoid
saponin glycoside]
Kasaghna[17-18]
The direct reference regarding
this action.
The yashtimadhu ghrita used as
internally as well as externally
for this activity.
7.
Anti-inflammatory activity:
*Liquorice root (Glycyrrhiza) extract
anti-inflammatory effect was tested.[26]
*In vitro studies, for anti-inflammatory
activity of G.glabra were conducted.[27]
*It is noted that glycyrrhetinic
acid in liquorice extract gives
anti-inflammatory effect.
* Glycyrrhizic acid inhibits all
factors responsible for
inflammation.
Glycyrrhetic acid,
liquiritoside,
Licochalcone a
[Chalcone]
Shothahara[4,13]
The direct reference regarding
karma is mentioned. The drug is
given in form of Basti, Arista or
Kshara-agad for the desired
action.
8.
Immunostimulatory activity[28]
:
The mortality rate in E. coli induced
abdominal sepsis can assess.
This study indicates that
Glycyrrhiza glabra extract might
enhanced the capacity of
monocyte-macrophage system in
Glycyrrhetinic acid
[Tri-terpenoid]
Rasayana[8]
Balya[4,9]
The direct Reference regarding
Rasayan and Balya karma was
found. Due to its madhurarasa
and sheet virya similar to Oja
Solanki et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
www.wjpr.net │ Vol 10, Issue 7, 2021. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │
265
immunosuppressed rats guna acts as ojavardhana and
increase bala.
9.
Aphrodisiac activity[29]
The Aphrodisiac activity of aqueous
extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra
(150mg/kg & 300mg/kg body wt. /day)
was administered orally by gavages for
28 days in male Wistar rats. Mount
latency (ML), intromission latency
(IL), mounting frequency (MF),
intromission frequency (IF), weight of
animals (gm) were the parameters
observed before and during the sexual
behaviour study at day 0, 7, 10, 14, 21,
and 28.
The extract reduced significantly
ML & IL
(p < 0.05). The extract also
increased significantly MF & IF
(p < 0.05).
- Vrishya
[16-18]
The direct reference regarding
vrishya karma was found.
10.
Anti-thrombin activity[30]
In-vivo effects of aqueous extract of
Glycyrrhiza glabra was tested in
0.05M NaOH at 37°C and PH was
adjusted to 7.4 For evaluation of the
bleeding effect in Wistar rats.
It was observed that Glycyrrhiza
glabra exhibits significant
antithrombotic activity in vivo.
Glycyrrhizin,
isoliquiritigenin
[Triterpenoid
saponin glycoside,
flavonoid]
Vatarakta-
hara[18]
The reference of External
application of drug was found
for this action.
11.
Anti-microbial activity[31]
The antimicrobial activities of
ethanolic and aqueous extracts from
licorice leaves were studied compared
to root extracts activities.
The root and leave extracts
showed activity against Candida
albicans, and The ethanolic
extract of the leaves was the most
active against gram-positive
bacteria.
- Krimighna[10]
The direct Reference regarding
krimighna action of Kshara-
agad was mentioned in which
Yashtimadhu is one of its
ingredients.
12.
Antioxidant activity[32]
- Antioxidant
activities of methanolic extracts (20 g
of each powdered sample was
extracted with 250 mL of methanol for
24 h) of Glycyrrhiza glabra root was
The extracts showed good
antioxidant activity, with a
median inhibitory concentration
(IC50) in the range of 588 ± 0.86
µg/mL to 2190 ± 1.73 µg/mL.
- Kshatakshina
[13]
Its contain higher fiber
concentration hence excellent
digestive herb and enhance
better nutrition absorption and
reduces oxidative stress
Solanki et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
www.wjpr.net │ Vol 10, Issue 7, 2021. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │
266
determined by using the DPPH (1,1-
diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method.
13.
Antiviral activity[33]
The study was carried out on two
clinical isolates of SARS virus [FFM-1
and FFM-2] on patients with SARS,
admitted to clinical center of Frankfurt
University, Germany.
The antiviral activities of
ribavirin, 6-azauridine,
pyrazofurin, mycophenolic acid
and glycyrrhizin proved that
glycyrrhizin was the most
efficient.
Glycyrrhizin Krimighna
[10]
The direct reference regarding
krimighna action.
14.
Chronic fatigue stress[34]
:
The protective effect of hydro
alcoholic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra
(100 and 200 mg/kg p.o) comparable
to fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) On chronic
fatigue stress (CFS) induced
behavioral alterations in mice was
tested for 15 days.
The study concludes that
Glycyrrhiza glabra could be used
as an alternative to conventional
medicines for the treatment of
chronic fatigue stress.
-
Medhya[3,7]
Vatahara[11,13-14]
The direct reference regarding
this action was found.
15
Anxiolytic activity[35]
:
Anxiolytic activity of hydro alcoholic
extract of roots and rhizomes of
Glycyrrhiza glabra was tested using
different paradigms like elevated plus
maze, foot shock-induced aggression,
and amphetamine induced stereotype
by giving varying doses (10-300mg/kg
i.p.) against Diazepam or ondansetron
as standard.
It shows that
Lower doses of hydro alcoholic
extract were more effective in
alleviating anxiety.
- Medhya
[3,7]
The direct reference regarding
medhya activity was found.
16.
Anticonvulsant effects[36]
To studied anticonvulsant effect,
Aqueous extract of G. Glabra,
diazepam and normal saline were
injected. (I/P at 50-300 mg/Kg, 0.5-1
mg/Kg and 10 ml /Kg, Respectively)
Aqueous extract at a dose of 300
mg/Kg delayed the onset time of
the Seizure and was also
significantly decreased duration
of the seizure at doses 60-200
mg/Kg compared to the control.
- Vataghna[11,13-14]
Kampa (Tremor) is occurred
due to vitiated vata. Drug has
specific action on vata and
hence help to cure the disease.
Solanki et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
www.wjpr.net │ Vol 10, Issue 7, 2021. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │
267
30 min before pentylenetetrazole (90
mg/Kg) in mice.
17.
Anti-asthmatic activity[37]
: Purified saponin fraction of the extract
of Glycyrrhiza glabra was injected to
the infected rats for Anti-asthmatic
study.
The result shows inhibition on
mast cell degranulation up to
62% at 25 mg/Kg body weight
and the saponin fraction is
effective in triple antigen
sensitized albino rats as anti-
asthmatic agent
- Kasahara
[17-18]
Swasahara
Direct reference regarding this
activity is found.
18.
Regulation of gastrointestinal
motility[38]
: An isoliquiritigenin, a
flavonoid isolated from the roots of
Glycyrrhiza glabra is studied in vivo &
in vitro.
The results indicated that
isoliquiritigenin plays a dual role
in regulating gastrointestinal
motility, both spasmogenic and
spasmolytic
Isoliquiritigeni-n - No direct reference regarding
this activity is found.
19.
Protection of DNA and microsomal
membrane[39]
: The radio protective
effect of the root extract of Glycyrrhiza
glabra L on lipid peroxidation in rat
liver microsomes and plasmid pBR322
DNA was investigated.
The extract was found to protect
microsomal membranes, as
evident from reduction in lipid
peroxidation and could also
protect plasmid DNA from
radiation-induced strand breaks.
- No direct reference regarding
this activity is found.
20.
Modulate rat cardiac
performance[40]
: The effects of
synthetic glycyrrhizin and
glycyrrhetinic acid were evaluated on
the isolated and Langendorff perfused
rat heart.
Glycyrrhizin induced significant
positive inotropic and lusitropic
effects starting from very low
concentrations, while both
inotropism and lusitropism were
negatively affected by
glycyrrhetinic acid. Both
substances significantly increased
heart rate
Glycyrrhizin and
Glycyrrhetinic acid -
No direct reference regarding
this activity is found.
Solanki et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
www.wjpr.net │ Vol 10, Issue 7, 2021. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │
268
DISCUSSION
Yashtimadhu is used throughout the world as a traditional herbal remedy. According to
classical Unani text Aslussoos (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.) acts as a demulcent, concoctive of
phlegm, expectorant etc.[41]
The earliest record of its use in medicine is found in code
Humnubari (2100 BC). It was also one of the important plants mentioned in Assyrian herbal
(2000BC). Hippocrates (400BC) mentioned its use as a remedy of ulcers and quenching of
thirds. The drug was also mentioned by Theophrastus and Dioscorides.[42]
In traditional
Siddha system of medicine, liquorice is used as a demulcent expectorant, anti-tussive,
laxative and sweetener.[43]
Ayurvedic text entitle that Yashtimadhu is used as Medhya[3,7]
,
Varnya[10,13-14,18]
, Kanthya[10]
, Sothaghna[4,13]
, Kasahara[17-18]
and Krimighna[10,14]
etc. The
actions like Memory enhancing activity, Hair growth stimulatory activity, Enhancement of
Skin complexion, Anti-ulcer activity etc. are proved based on experimental studies. The
actions like regulation of gastrointestinal motility, protection of DNA and microsomal
membrane, Modulate cardiac performance are appears to be new for Ayurveda which desires
to be considered as per Ayurvedic point of view and the significance of the same can be
identified. On the additional, the activities like Sangrahi, Sandhana are not discovered by the
contemporary pharmacological measures. Moreover, whatever revealed based on
experimental studies can’t be taken as it is. The drug application in Ayurveda is completely
based on concept with overall assessment of patient. In the present scenario many research
work has been carried out based on pharmacology, Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry to
explore out the exact nature of Yashtimadhu in terms of its properties, Chemical constituents
and actions etc. But taking all the experiment as it is will not be justifiable as the Ayurvedic
concept of drug application is totally different.
CONCLUSION
As the Ayurvedic concept of drug application are totally different but it’s demand of present
era that properties and action of drug which are explained in coded (Shlokas) language can be
explored based on experimental studies for its global acceptance. Hence many research works
has been carried out on drug to enlighten its action. Here, correlation about the activity of
Yashtimadhu and its textual claim can be applicable in drug discovery and it’s also helpful to
easily understand the drug action by both the way traditional as well as modern. It’s also lead
to raise the probability of drug interaction means there is necessity to evaluate individual
herbal therapy. This becomes a novel initiation in the treatment of various diseases.
Solanki et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
www.wjpr.net │ Vol 10, Issue 7, 2021. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │
269
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The author are thankful to the Director, AYUSH, Gujarat State, Principal, Government
Ayurved College, Vadodara and All faculties who have directly or indirectly helped to make
this possible.
REFERENCES
1. Sri Chakrapanidatta, Ed. By Vaidya Yadavaji Trikamji Acharya, Prologue by Prof. R.H.
Sing. Agnivesha Charaka Samhita with Ayurveda Dipika commentary. Chaukhambha
Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (Reprint), Sutra sthana, 2016; 4/1-34: 32-33.
2. Dr. Prakash L. Hegde. A Textbook of Dravyaguna Vijnana, First edition, 2014; II: 903.
3. Sri Chakrapanidatta, Ed. By Vaidya Yadavaji Trikamji Acharya, Prologue by Prof. R.H.
Sing. Agnivesha Charaka Samhita with Ayurveda Dipika commentary. Chaukhambha
Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (Reprint), Chikitsa, 2016; 1/3(30): 385.
4. Sri Chakrapanidatta, Ed. By Vaidya Yadavaji Trikamji Acharya, Prologue by Prof. R.H.
Sing. Agnivesha Charaka Samhita with Ayurveda Dipika commentary. Chaukhambha
Surbharati Prakashan, Varanasi (Reprint), Chikitsa, 2016; 16/109, 19/66, 23/101; 2016:
531.
5. Sushruta commentary by K. A. D. Shastry, Ed. Y. Trikamji. Sushruta Samhita with
Nidanasangraha. Chaukhamba Surbhartiprakashana, Varanasi, (Reprint), Sutrasthana,
2017; 38/75: 189.
6. Vagbhatta Ed. Brahmanand Tripathi. Ashtangahridaya with Nirmala Hindi commentary.
Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan, Delhi(Reprint), Sutrasthana, 2015; 6/170: 121.
7. Vagbhatta Ed. Brahmanand Tripathi 2015. Ashtangahridaya with Nirmala Hindi
commentary. Chaukhamba Sanskrit Pratishthan, Delhi(Reprint), Uttartantra, 2015; 39/44;
1188.
8. Vrddha Vagbhatta with sasilekha Sanskrit commentary Ed. Dr. Shivprasad Sharma.
Astanga sangraha. Chawkhamba Krishnadas Academy Varanasi, Uttartantra tantra, 2016;
49/15: 911.
9. Vrddha Vagbhatta with sasilekha Sanskrit commentary Ed. Dr. Shivprasad Sharma.
Astanga sangraha. Chawkhamba Krishnadas Academy Varanasi, Chikitsa sthana, 2016;
15/24: 521.
10. Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS). Anonymous
Madanadinighnatu (e-Nighantu). National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage (NIIMH),
Hyderabad, Pittanashanadravyagana, 2015; 13.
Solanki et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
www.wjpr.net │ Vol 10, Issue 7, 2021. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │
270
11. Mahendra Bhaugika Ed. Priyavrata Sharma. Dhanvantarinighantu. Chaukhamba
Orientalia Varanasi, (Reprint), Guduchyadi Varga, 2016; 282: 68.
12. Madanapala Ed. J.L.N. Shastry. Madanapalanighantu. Chaukhamba Orientalia Varanasi,
Abhayadi Varga, 2010; 178: 138.
13. Kaiyadeva Ed. Priyavrata Sharma Trans. Guru Prasada Sharma 2016. Kaiydevanighnatu.
Chaukhamba Orientalia Varanasi, Aaushadhi Varga, 2010; 1063-1064: 196.
14. Bhavamishra Ed. Pandey GS Commentary by Chunekar KC. Bhavprakashanighantu.
Chaukhamba Bharati Academy Varanasi, Purvakhanda Guduchyadi Varga, 2015; 186-
188: 378.
15. Narahari Pandit Ed. Satish Chandra Sankhyadhar K. C. Chunekar. Rajnighnatu with
English critical commentary. Chaukhamba Orientalia Varanasi (Reprint) 1st Ed.,
Shatahvadi Varga, 2017; 122: 115.
16. Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS). Anonymous
Rajavallabhanighantu (e-Nighantu). National Institute of Indian Medical Heritage
(NIIMH), Hyderabad, Aushadhaashrayaparichchheda, 2015; 13.
17. Priyavrata Sharma edited by Priyavrata Sharma with Padma Hindi commentary.
Priyanighnatu. Chaukhamba Surbharti Prakashan, Varanasi, Haritakyadi Varga, 2004; 40:
64.
18. Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare department of Ayush. The
Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Of India, 1986; 127.
19. Dhingra D, Parle M and Kulkarni SK. Memory enhancing activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra
in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacological, Apr 2004; 91(23): 361-5.
20. Roy SD, Karmakar PR, Dash S, Chakraborty J, and Das B. Hair growth stimulating effect
and phytochemical evaluation of hydro-alcoholic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra. Global J
res Med Plants & Indigen Med., 2014; 3(2): 40-47.
21. Al-Razzuqi R. A. M., Al-Jawad F. H., Al- Hussaini J. A. and Al-Jeboori A. A.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Glycyrrhiza Glabra in Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Model of
Acute Liver Injury. J Phys Pharm Adv, 2012; 2(7): 259-263.
22. Shilimkar Vaibhav and K. Lakshaman. Tyrosinase Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of selected
Indian Herbs. IJRPB, Jul–Sep, 2012; 3(3). ISSN: 2229-3701.
23. Aarti Parle, Mrudul Chitrakar, Anju Hadke October. Effect of Yashtimadhu (glycyrrhiza
glabra) churna mukhalepa with Honey as an upakrama of dinacharya (daily regimen
practice) w.s.r. to Varnya (complexion). IJAPR, 2017; 5(10).
Solanki et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
www.wjpr.net │ Vol 10, Issue 7, 2021. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │
271
24. Ghader jalilzaden amin, Vahid Najarnezhad and Ehsan Anassori. Antiulcer properties of
Glycyrrhiza glabra L. extract on experimental models of gastric ulcer in mice. Iran J
Pharm Res., 2015; 14(4): 1163–1170.
25. Mayuri shitole and pawar vt 2019. Study of potential antitussive activity of glycyrrhiza
glabra granules using a cough model induced by sulfur dioxide gas in mice. ijpcr vol (12)
issue (10)
26. Baker ME. Licorice and enzymes other than 11- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: An
evolutionary perspective Steroids, 1994; 59: 136-141.
27. Okimasu E, Moromizato Y, and Watanabe S. Inhibition of phospholipase A2 and platelet
aggregation by glycyrrhizin, an anti-inflammatory drug. Acta Med Okayama, 1983; 37:
385-391.
28. Prashant Bagherwal, Akash P Dahake and Chirantan Chakma. Immunostimulant Activity
of Aqueous Extract Roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra. Research J. Pharmacology and
Pharmacodynamics, Nov-Dec. 2009; 1(3): 120-124.
29. Sudhir A. Awate, Rajendra B. Patil, Prashant D. Ghode, Ms.Vinita Patole, Deshbandhu
Pachauri and S.Haja Sherief. Aphrodisiac activity of aqueous extract of glycyrrhiza
glabra in male wistar rats. WJPR, 1(2): 371-378. ISSN 2277–7105.
(https://wjpr.net/admin/assets/article_issue/133589138917%20WJPR%20153.pdf)
30. Jain M, Yadav A, Tomar V, Kannojia P, Solanki S. S and Tonpay S. D. 2009. Possible
Pharmacological Basis for Antithrombotic Effect of Glycyrrhiza Glabra in Sprague
Dawley Rats. IJPSDR, 2009; 1(2): 113-115, 1(2): 113-115.ISSSN-0975-248.
31. Mahboubeh Irani, Marziyeh sarmadi, Francoise Bernard, and Gholam Hossein Ebrahimi.
Leaves Antimicrobial Activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Iranian journal of pharmaceutical
research, 2010; 9(4): 425–428. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3870067/
32. Faruk karahan, Cumhur avsar, and Ibrahim Ilkar ozyigit. Antimicrobial and antioxidant
activities of medicinal plant Glycyrrhiza glabra var. glandulifera from different habitats.
Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 2016; 797-804.
33. Monica Damle. Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice) - a potent medicinal herb. International
Journal of Herbal Medicine. IJHM., 2014; 2(2): 132-136, ISSN 2321-2187 2(2):132-136.
34. Rahul Trivedi, and Komal Sharma. Hydroalcoholic Extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.
Attentuates Chronic Fatigue Stress Induced Behavioral Alterations in Mice. International
Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archives, 2011; 2(3): 996-1001.
35. Shirishkumar D. Ambawade, Veena Kasture, and Sanjay B Kasture. Anxiolytic activity
of Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn. Journal of Natural Remedies, July 2001; 1/2: 130-134.
Solanki et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
www.wjpr.net │ Vol 10, Issue 7, 2021. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │
272
36. M. Nassiri-Asl, S.Saroukhani and F.Zamansoltani. Anticonvulsant effects of aqueous
extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra Root in PTZ-Induced seizure in Mice. International Journal
Of Pharmacology, 2007; 3(5): 432-434.
37. Sapan Patel, Nidhi Saxena, R.C.Saxena, Neetu Arya, Rahul Saxena and Mahesh Tharani.
Evaluation of anti-asthmatic activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra. Journal Biosciences
biotechnology Research Asia, 2009; 6(2): 761-766.
38. Chen G, Zhu L, Liu Y, Zhou Q, and Chen H, Yang 2009. Isoliquiritigenin, a flavonoid
from licorice, plays a dual role in regulating gastrointestinal motility in vitro and in vivo.
J. Phytother Res., 2002; 23(4): 498–506.
39. Shetty T.K., Satav J.G. and Nair C.K. Protection of DNA and microsomal membranes in
vitro by Glycyrrhiza glabra L. against gamma irradiation. Phytother Res., 16(6): 576–8.
40. Maria L. Parisellaa, Tommaso Angelonea, Alfonsina Gattusoa, Maria C. Cerrab and
Daniela Pellegrinob. Glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid directly modulate rat cardiac
performance. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2012; 23: 69-75.
41. M Zaigham, Hamiduddin, M Akhtar Ali and Mohammad Ikram 2019, Aslussoos
(Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.): A root with immense pharmaceutical potential and its
utilization in Unani system of medicine. IJHM, 7(5): 27-34.
42. Rajandeep Kaur and Harpreet Kaur. Glycyrrhiza glabra: A Phytopharmacological review.
IJPSR, 2013; 4(7): 2470-2477.
43. Jatav VS., Singh SK., and Sharma AK. Recent Pharmacological trends in Glycyrrhiza
glabra. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Frontier Research, 2011; 1: 170-85.