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A. Complete the sentences with the words in parentheses. Use any appropriate tense.

Almost every part of the world (experience) an earthquake in recent years, and almost

every part of the world (experience) earthquakes in years to come. Since the ancient

Chinese (begin) to keep records several years ago, more than 13 million earthquakes

(occur) worldwide by some estimates. What (cause)

earthquakes? Throughout time, different cultures (develop) myths to explain these

violent earth movements.

According to a Japanese myth, a playful catfish lives in the mud under the earth. Whenever it feels like playing, it

(wave) its fat tail around in the mud. The result? Earthquakes. From India comes the story

of six strong elephants who (hold) the earth on their heads. Whenever one elephant (move)

its head, the earth trembles.

Nowadays, although scientists (know) more about the causes of earthquakes, they still

cannot prevent the terrible damage. One of the strongest quakes in the 20th

century (happen)

in Anchorage, Alaska, on 24, 1964, at about 6 oclock in the evening. When the

earthquake (strike) that evening, many families (sit) down to

eat dinner. People in the city (find, suddenly) themselves in the dark, because

most of the lights in the city went out when the earthquake occurred. Many people (die)

instantly when tall buildings (collapse) and (send) tons of brick

and concrete crashing into the streets.

When (the next earthquake, occur) ? No one really knows for sure.

Interestingly enough, throughout history animals (help, often) people predict

earthquakes shortly before they happen. At present, some scientists (study) catfish

because catfish swim excitedly just before an earthquake. According to some studies, snakes, monkeys, and

rodents (appear, also) to be sensitive to the approach of violent movement in the

earths surface. Some animals (seem) to know a great deal more than humans about

when an earthquake will occur.

In recent years, scientists (develop) many extremely sensitive instruments. Perhaps

someday the instruments (be) able to give us a sufficiently early warning so that we

can be waiting calmly in a safe place when the next earthquake (strike)..

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B. Complete the following paragraphs with the correct form of the verbs. Sometimes more

than one tense is correct.

I (stand)..in front of the student union watching a riot. I (be).here since 8:00 this

morning. There are approximately two thousand students and three hundred police officers on campus this

morning. The students (do)... many different things. Some of them (burn).. cars. Others

are destroying books, and a group of male students (throw).. .... rocks through windows of the union. The

police officers (arrest)... a few students and are beating others with night sticks. I am somewhat surprised

at the officers actions because there has recently been a great deal of publicity concerning police brutality.

The congregation of students at 9:00 yesterday morning was very peaceful and orderly. The students merely

wanted to demonstrate against certain university policies. They (request)... certain changes all year;

however, the chancellor (ignore). every opportunity to sit down and discuss the problems

with the student leaders. From 9:00 to 10:00, everyone (be).. quietly listening to speeches made by various

campus leaders, and only a few people (march). in front of the chancellors office with placards

announcing their grievances. At 10:20, however, a small group of students who belong to an organization called

Students for a Democratic Society (begin).. shouting insults at various university officials, and the crowd

began to do the same, but it never became an angry mob.

It is now 2:00 in the afternoon, and the situation in front of the union (be).. more peaceful. The students

still (look).....angry, but the police (appear). to be calmer. I (stand)....with a group of

friends. They (be)..here since 7:30 this morning. All of us (wonder).what

(happen)....next. Most of the people in the crowd have been talking about the brutality of the police and

the chancellors refusal to meet the student demands. Nevertheless, the crowd (begin)...to break up,

and many students are returning to their dorms.

The area in front of the union is full of paper, stones, and pieces of broken glass. By tonight, however, the campus

workers will have cleaned up the debris. I am certain that the campus leaders will meet and organize another

demonstration.

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C. Complete the following paragraphs with the correct form of the verbs. Sometimes more

than one tense is correct.

While I (sit)... at my desk at home, trying to think of an interesting way to test your understanding of the

tenses, I suddenly had the idea of writing you a note.

As all of you know, classes (begin)...eleven days ago, so we (be). together for approximately two

weeks. At the start of the term, our class (have)... only thirteen students; however, it grew to sixteen

students on the third day. We are now in the second full week of classes, so I (know)... we (not,

get)... any additional students.

By now, all of you know that I (love).. to teach grammar. During my teaching career, I

(teach)....many subjects, but for some reason I (always, enjoy)...teaching grammar. All your

courses (be).. important, but I believe grammar is especially important because speaking, reading, and

writing well depend on a good understanding of the structure of language.

I (realize). that you (take). other classes, and I understand that the life of a student (not,

be)...easy. However, remember that I (be) still a student, too. Last week while I (study).

in the library, I (ask)...myself why I (work)........... so hard. Then I (remember)... that one of

my goals has always been to finish my PhD. You have goals, too, so you must work hard until you reach them.

As I promised the other day, I (never, give). you an assignment that will take hours to

complete; however, during the first half of the term I gave you an assignment almost every night because I want

you to improve your English as quickly as possible.

Some of you didnt complete your assignments, and as a result you had trouble in class. Generally speaking,

however, this is a good class, and all of you are very intelligent individuals. Work hard and accomplish your

individual goals. By the time this term is over, you will have learned much, and you will be one step closer to your

dream.

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D. Complete the following paragraphs with the correct form of the verbs. Sometimes more than one

tense is correct.

One thing I (notice) since I (come)came to the United States is the number of cars. As is true in

many large cities in the world, the streets of Denver (be)..................... filled with automobiles. Although the

automobile (become)..... a necessity for many people, it (be). a dangerous necessity. For

example, cars (pollute) the air in cities for many years. In addition to pollution, the

automobile (increase)... the problem of congestion in crowded urban areas. A professor of

medicine and public health from Yale University (believe)..that the automobile (be)...

responsible for a large number of the heart attacks that Americans have because they (not,

do)..walk much anymore.

While I was reading a report on pollution in the United States the other night, I learned that the average

American family owns two cars and many have three. It is obvious that cars contribute a great deal to the

problem of pollution that this country has. One solution, of course, is to create better systems of public

transportation. If the large cities do not create better systems of public transportation, by the year 2050 many

Americans (wear). gas masks. However, the automobile may not be a big problem in the future

because of the cost of fuel. In this country at the moment, the big American oil companies (have).a lot

of trouble. In fact, they (have).. a lot of trouble since they began to raise the price of gasoline.

In the summer of 1979, the oil companies increased the price of gasoline dramatically, and the American

public became extremely angry. Many people did not believe that it was necessary for the companies to ask

for more money because they had been receiving very high profits for many years. Many citizens sold their

large cars, and they bought smaller ones. This has created another problem in this country for at least one of

the large automobile manufacturers, the Chrysler Corporation located in Detroit, Michigan. A few years ago,

this company did not see the future need for small cars, so it manufactured only big cars. Today, however,

many Americans (want)...small automobiles. In 1979, the Chrysler Corporation (ask) the

U.S. government for money, so it could prepare its factories to build small cars.

Before I came to the United States, I (think)...of buying a big car, but since I started to live here, I

(decide). to purchase a small economy car.

Tomorrow, I (go)... with an American friend to look at the cars at his fathers automobile dealership.

His father (promise)...to give me a good deal. So by this time tomorrow, I will have bought a great

car.

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E. Complete the following paragraphs with the correct form of the verbs. Sometimes more

than one tense is correct.

Dear mom,

I (receive)...your kind letter last week. I (try)....to find some time to write you

back since then. I (be)..very busy these days. In the past two weeks, I (have)three

papers to submit, and I have another one for next week. Besides, Joe (come)...to visit last

Sunday and (stay)....since then. He wanted to visit the city, so we (spend)..a lot

of time visiting some of the interesting places here. So far, I (take) ....him to the zoo, the art

museum, and the METS. The other day, we (go)...to the a big aquarium and

(watch)...the Great White Sharks. Between showing him the city and trying to finish my

papers, I (have, barely)..enough time to breathe.

It is 4:00 AM right now and I (sit).at my desk. I (sit)....here for 3 hours

typing my last paper. Joe (leave) is leaving/is going to leave/leavesat 6:30, so I

(decide)..to stay awake. Thats why I (write)to you at such an hour. I am

getting a little sleepy, but Id rather stay up. I (take)....a nap when I

(get)..back home.

How are you all doing? I bet Jessica (grow up)...a lot since I left. By the time I

come home, she will have started to go to school.

Miss you

Moray

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F. Complete the following paragraphs with the correct form of the verbs. Sometimes more

than one tense is correct.

Last week, on Wednesday, we (have) our first grammar test. It (be) a

test on the tenses. The instructor (be, not) very happy with the results because

not enough students (receive) high grades. As a result, on Thursday, she

(review) the test with the class. While we (talk) about the test

and the correct use of the tenses, I (think) about how difficult it

(be) to learn to use the tenses spontaneously. I (be) a little disappointed with my

grade because this test (be) the first grammar exam that we

(have) so far, and I really (want) to get a good grade.

Since we (be) in class, we (discuss) how the tenses show

meaning, but I have to say that I (still, have) a little trouble with this. I

(have) trouble with meaning since I first (begin) to study English.

At the moment, I (see) that every student .. (concentrate on) this

exercise. Our instructor (stand) in front of the class now, but a few minutes ago

she (walk) around the room looking at our papers.

After our review, last Thursday, I (feel) better about the tenses, so today I

(feel) confident, and I (believe) that I (do) well

on this exercise. As I (mention) earlier, changing from one tense to another

(be, never) easy for me; however, I (know) I

(continue) to improve until the end of the quarter.