Review& · 2018-04-30 · Urine&Formaon& • Urine&formaon&depends&on&three&func.ons:& & –...

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Review

Transcript of Review& · 2018-04-30 · Urine&Formaon& • Urine&formaon&depends&on&three&func.ons:& & –...

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Review  

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Urine  Forma.on  •  Urine  forma.on  depends  on  three  func.ons:    – ___________:  process  by  which  blood  or  body  fluids  pass  through  a  selec.vely  permeable  membrane  

 – _____________:  transfer  of  glomerular  filtrate  from  the  nephron  back  into  the  capillaries  

 – _____________:  movement  of  some  material  from  the  blood  back  into  the  distal  tubule  

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Filtra.on  •  Blood  moves  through  the  afferent  arteriole  into  a  

capillary  bed  called  the  ____________.  The  efferent  arteriole  drains  from  each  glomerulus  into  the  ____________  capillaries,  which  wrap  around  the  nephron.  The  capillaries  carry  away  material  that  is  ______________.    

•  Water  and  dissolved  solutes  are  filtered  through  the  walls  of  the  glomerulus  into  the  _____________  __________  

•  Materials  such  as,  plasma  protein,  blood  cells,  and  platelets  are  too  ________  to  pass  through  the  walls,  therefore  they  are  leG  in  the  efferent  arteriole  

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Reabsorp.on  •  About  _____mL  of  fluid  flows  through  the  kidney  every  

minute  and  about  _____%  of  it  is  filtered  in  the  nephrons.  Only  ___  mL  of  urine  is  formed  for  every  120  mL  of  this  fluid.  

•  Selec.ve  reabsorp.on  occurs  un.l  the  maximum  amount  of  material  that  can  be  moved  across  the  nephron  is  reached  (____________  _________)  –  Excess  NaCl  is  excreted  with  urine      

•  Occurs  through  ____________  and  __________  transport  – Water,  Cl-­‐,  Na+,  glucose,  amino  acids  

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1.  Proximal  convoluted  tubule  

•  Responsible  for  most  of  the  ______________  of  water  and  solutes  from  the  filtrate.    – Na+,  Cl-­‐,  glucose  and  amino  acids  are  transported  out  of  the  filtrate  

– Water  will  follow  by  diffusion  – These  molecules  are  returned  to  the  venous  blood  leaving  the  kidney  

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2.  Loop  of  Henle  

•  The  kidneys  produce  urine  that  is  _____________  to  the  blood  plasma    –  Loop  of  Henle  func.ons  as  a  ___________________  _______________,  crea.ng  a  concentra.on  gradient  in  the  surrounding  medulla  

•  Thick  ascending  Loop  of  Henle  is  NOT  _______________  to  water  

•  Water  is  forced  to  stay  ___________  the  tubule    –  This  means  that  the  medulla  fluid  has  a  ____________  concentra.on  of  Na+  and  Cl-­‐  than  the  cells  of  the  tubule  

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•  Descending  Loop  of  Henle:  •  _____  permeable  to  water  but    _______  very  permeable  to  Na+  and  Cl-­‐  •  Because  water  always  wants  to  move  down  its  concentra.on  gradient  from  high  to  low  concentra.on,  it  will  move  out  of  the  tubule  by  _____________  •  This  is  because  the  medulla  fluid  is  more  concentrated  (remember  what  just  happened  in  the  ascending  loop)  

•  Now,  the  tubule  fluid  is  less  concentrated  than  the  blood  plasma  and  solutes  that  have  been  leG  behind  in  the  medulla  have  created  a  __________________  _______________.  

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3.  Distal  convoluted  tubule  

•  Distal  Convoluted  Tubule:    – The  fluid  entering  is  less  concentrated  than  the  surrounding  cortex  fluid  so  the  tubule  will  lose  ____________  by  _____________  

 

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4.  CollecAng  duct  

•  Now  the  fluid  entering  the  collec.ng  duct  is  at  the  ____________concentra.on  as  blood  plasma  but  NaCl  has  been  moved  out  of  the  tubule  fluid  so  urea  and  other  waste  products  make  up  the  solute  content  now  

•  The  concentra.on  gradient  established  by  the  loop  of  Henle  increases,  so  more  and  more  water  is  absorbed  from  the  tubule  fluid  and  this  leaves  a  very  concentrated  _____________  in  the  collec.ng  duct.    

 

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Secre.on  

•  The  movement  of  wastes  from  the  _________  into  the  __________  by  _________  transport  

 •  Substances  that  are  secreted  include:  – Nitrogen-­‐containing  waste  – Excess  H+  ions  – Minerals  such  as  K+  ions  – Drugs  such  as  ______________  

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Site   DescripAon  of  Process   Substances  Transported  

1.  glomerulus  and  Bowman’s  capsule  

2.  proximal  tubule  

3.  descending  limb  of  loop  of  Henle  

4.  ascending  limb  of  loop  of  Henle  

5.  distal  tubule  

6.Collec.ng  duct