LI 2013 NATHALIE F. MARTIN

REVIEW1ST MIDTERM

On the Exam ...

Here is what will be on the exam:

Language: A Preview (chap. 1, O’Grady)Fields of linguistics (handout and

Powerpoint)Phonetics (brief introduction done in class)Morphology (chap. 4, O’Grady)

... In short, what we saw in class

MORPHOLOGY

(chap. 4, O’Grady)

What you should know: Def: Morphology Morphemes:

Free, bound morphemes Allomorphs Analysing Word Structure

Root, affix Base Affix: prefix, suffix, infixes

Derivation: English derivational affixes Complex derivation Constraints in derivation Two classes of derivational affixes

MORPHOLOGY(continued)

(chap. 4, O’Grady)

What you should know: Inflection:

Inflections in English Inflection vs. Derivation

Compounding: Properties of compounds Endocentric and exocentric

compounds Compounding in other languages

 Other Morphological Phenomenon: Processes: Internal change,

suppletion, reduplication, tone placement / cliticization, conversion, clipping, blends, backformation, acronyms, onomatopoeia, etc.

Correction of last week’s homework

Exercise 9 (see p. 117)a) b)

Correction of last week’s homework

Exercise 9c)

Correction of last week’s homework

Exercise 13a)Inflectionalb)Derivationalc)Inflectional* → lovely, lovelier, loveliest (p. 125)

d)Inflectionale)Derivation

Morphology

Invent a word using this root : VACUUM

1. by adding a prefix to this base (make sure that there are no constrains to the combination).

2. And then adding a suffix.3. Draw the structure (tree) of the two words that

you have just created. 4. What are the lexical categories of these words?

LANGUAGE: AN INTRODUCTION

(chap. 1, O’Grady)

What you should know:

How humans are made to speak What is language Linguistic competence vs.

performance Descriptive vs. Prescriptive approach

to language Grammar:

Generality, parity, universality, mutability, inaccessibility

Things you should know …

What is language?Definiti0n: language, languages and speechLinguistic competence vs. performance

1.1 Specialization for Language Contemporary Linguistics Analysis: p. 2.

Organ Survival Speech

LungsExchange CO2

for O2

Air flow

Vocal Cords

Cover tube to lungs

Vibration

Tongue Move food in mouth

Articulation

Teeth Chew food Articulation

Lips Seal oral cavity

Articulation

Nose BreathingNasal resonance

Descriptive or Prescriptive?

Newfoundland English retains distinct morphology brought in by the original settlers (e.g. « I goes », « you goes » and « all the people goes »).

It is not proper to use double negatives (e.g. I don’t have nothing).

Grammar, as seen through Linguist’s eyes ...

Generality:

Parity:

Universality:

Mutability:

Inaccessibility:

All languages have a grammar

All grammars are equal

Grammars are alike in basic ways

Grammars change over time

Grammatical knowledge is subconscious

FIELDS OF LINGUISTICS

(handout and Powerpoint)

What you should know:

Linguistics Fields of linguistics (handout

and Powerpoint) Descriptive linguistics Applied linguistics

EARLY DAYS OF THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE

Philology

Historical linguistics

Comparative linguistics

Objet: ancient ancient civilisationscivilisations

Objet: language(s) language(s) and it’s/their and it’s/their evolutionevolution

Objet: comparison comparison between between languageslanguages

FIELDS OF LINGUISTICS

________________________________

Phonology  Morphology Syntax  Semantics  Pragmatics

________________________________

SociolinguisticsPsycholinguisticsNeurolinguisticsComputational

linguistics

PHONETICS: A Brief Introduction

(Handout and Powerpoint)

What you should know:

Introduction to phonetics Sounds of English

Consonants & vowels IPA chart (general) Transcription

IPA Consonants Chart

IPA Vowel Chart

IPA Glides (examples)

Phonetic Practice

1. Read these words phonetically and write them out using conventional English spelling.

[mit]

[ ʃuz]

[skul] [mju zɪk]

2. Fill in the missing symbols. Cartoons = [ _ ɑ _ _ u _ _ ] Singing = [ _ ɪ _ ɪ _ ] English = [ɪ_ _ _ ɪ_] Cheese = [_ _ _ _ ]