Review #1Colonization

The Natives

•Lifestyle of Eastern Woodland Indians – as compared to other regions – Disney got it right - hunted, farmed, houses, settled – NOT NOMADIC like the Plaines Natives

•What affected Indians before 1492 – spread of corn cultivation, spoked wheels,

domestication of horses, small-pox, over population

•Effects of Europeans on Indians – Disease, Religion, slavery

Explorers – for what country?

•Columbus – Spain - Americas

•Hudson-Dutch (H. River) – British (Canada) •Cabot – British (NW Passage)

•Cortez – Spain (Mexico) •Joliet – French (St. Lawrence River)

•Coronado–Spain (SW – Grand Canyon) •Cartier – French (St. Lawrence)

•Why didn’t Portugal finance Columbus? – Wrong calculations (3,000 miles to China) – Prince Henry the Navigator

•1st century of European coming- what happened? – – wiped out Indians

How did Spanish colonies differ from English ones

•King – English – not much control Spanish – controlled economically & politically

•Church – English – mixed church control Spanish – Catholic – convert natives

•Gold – English – found none Spanish – found gold

1500s- what nations had colonies in which areas?

•French – Canada, LA, Haiti…

•Spanish – FL – CA, South to Brazil

•Swedish – Delaware, Southern NJ

•Dutch - NY

Colony Info…•Spanish Armada– King Phillip mad at Elizabeth for marriage denial, helping Dutch, Privateers–sent Armada to

its defeat–ending Spain’s control of the seas (1588)

•Patroons and multi-ethnic society– Dutch feudal lords given land grants in NY-welcomed Huguenots (don’t settle on Patroons

land)

•Why did the Dutch settle in New Netherlands– check on England, trade/mercantilism, supplies, religious toleration,

escape the king (1600s-1700s)

•Which colony was settled 1st by English – MD, DL, NY, FL, VA

Jamestown•In the 1st year of Jamestown, what was the reaction of the Native Americans? – Nice, hunted, gave food, discovered the English were leeches

•Purpose of Jamestown? – Find Gold (Joint-Stock Co.) NO Gold!

•What characterized the Chesapeake (VA, MD) colony? – Religious toleration, had big families, high death rate, majority of immigrants from Africa.

•Tidewater (rich soil) v. Piedmont (Yeoman farmers-subsistent)

•Virginia exports– tobacco #1 – Rolfe (developed in 1612 sent 1617)

Other Colony info…•Export crops of colonies- –northern

• – NE – fur, timber, fish

–VA, MD & NC• tobacco, 1600s no cotton till 1800s

•SC– Rice (1720s Indigo)

•Middle Colonies– (PA, NY, NJ, DE) wheat, grain “Bread Basket”

Terms…•Indentureds– 7 years labor, ½ made it, (clothes, corn, tools) Became squatters

•Effects of Indentured System– cheap labor, fought against planters, wives-brought in women to marry men, long

term - too costly as labor system

•Headrights– grant of land (50 acres) rec’d per passage pd (over by 1700s) – pd. a Quitret (1st

prop. tax)

•House of Burgesses– 1st ELECTED Legislative assembly-In VA- elected Gov & council-to vote -must

own land & be white- Governor and Governor’s council was appointed

Rebellions (This is all on Page 3 of Review Packet)•Bacon’s

1676 – Western VA farmers were being raided by Natives The VA Governor (Berkley) refused to intervene Berkley was a good trading partner with the natives Bacon led rebellion against the Gov’t in eastern VA Burned Jamestown – Capital becomes Williamsburg – Moved to Richmond in 1781

•Shay’s 1787 – Western farmers from MA MA increased property taxes to pay for the Rev. War debts Failure to pay taxes resulted in imprisonment and foreclosure on farms Rebels freed debtors and closed courts. Leads to Constitutional Convention 1787 (Stronger Federal Gov’t)

•Regulatory (1760’s-1770’s) – Backcountry Western farmers of NC Rebelled against the Eastern government due to unfair treatment, legislation, and taxes

More Info…

•Main reasons Chesapeake residents and Native Americans had disputes – land

•Compare MD and VA- why not urban? – good living on land – Am. Dream- cash crops mainly tobacco (not cotton

until at least 1800)

•Maryland Religious (Toleration) Act – Specifically Catholic

Compare VA with Plymouth(Chesapeake = VA, MD) (See Page 3 of Packet)

Virginia Plymouth Economy Farming tobacco Subsistent farming, shipping, timber,

shipbuilding, fish, fur Gov’t Governor – appointed All members elected Governor’s council – appointed (must be a saint to vote) House of Burgesses – elected (must be white land owner to vote) Religion Church of England Puritans – Running a Theocracy Not many priests sent (Church and state combined) Colony more of a financial venture Labor Indentured servants and slaves Family Who colonized Men looking for gold Puritan families

Slavery

•Prior to 1800 certain slaves from Africa were held in higher esteem b/c of their skills in growing...? – wheat, indigo, hemp, cotton, rice

Puritans•Puritans who settled Plymouth were = Separatists

•How were Separatists (Church of England not savable) and non-Separatists (church was savable – later gave up) different?

•Why settled Plymouth– Separatists-escape religious persecution

•Mayflower Compact– out of jurisdiction – established majority rules

•Describe/ what was Puritanism– predestination (Calvin), committed to covenant w/God, literate, state enforce Church rules

(whistling on Sunday), tell of conversion experience to be a Saint

•Puritans = renounced Church of England

•What did Puritans seek?

– Religious Freedom

•Winthrop’s “City on a Hill” – what was it?– 1630-Model religious society

Puritans•Puritan families – work as a unit (kids were small adults)

•Role of Puritan women – non-voting members congregation, = to men at home,

held church offices, presided over town meetings, allowed to be ministers

•How did New England show democracies? – state-assembly (elect Gov) – local - town meetings

•Harvard- why founded? – 1636 – train ministers

Puritans

•Half-Way covenant • 1662 – recruitment tool – worked great for women- not voting

members, could inherit land, congregations were becoming less pious, expanded membership, could be nonvoting members of church- drag men along

•Role of Puritan families = an extension of community authority. – kids in trouble = family in trouble = community in trouble

• Winthrop and “model of Christian charity • church give to the poor, stay close knit as a community, tax support for

the church

Banned•Why Roger Williams banished? – Called for separation of Church & State

•RI and PA and religious tolerations- – only states to have this

•Why was Anne Hutchinson banished? – Claimed only few priests were saints – All saints knew / recognize other saints

– possessed “Saint Eye”

•Antinomianism–– Emphasis on faith not in obedience-God punished non-saints

Other Groups•Fundamental Orders of Connecticut– 1st WRITTEN Constitution – Thomas Hooker

•Quakers– off-shoot of Puritans – “Inner Light” – Religious Society of Friends

•Main differences between Puritans (See Page 3)– OK with violence, must be a saint and prove conversion experience, stressed obedience to God

•& Quakers- (See Page 3)– Pacifists, equality, Inner Light (salvation), no need to read the Bible (you can talk to God

yourself)?

•What part of New World had religious toleration –– Mass., New Haven, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania

Random•Proprietary colonies– owned by individual / groups – NY, NJ, PA

•1st 3 decades most of immigrants to US were from what country – – England – 1610-1640

•Which was most important to English trade- – VA, Mass., NC, PA, or NY?

•King Philip’s war-– 1676 – NE Indians tired of colonists expansion, burned Puritan villages – eventually

moved west

Put in correct sequence within the grouping -- & put date

•__1___Columbus comes to America 1492•__2___Reformation began 1517•__3___Roanoke established with families 1587•__4__ Spanish Armada defeated 1588 •__3___1st slaves into Virginia 1619•__4___House of Burgesses set up 1619•__1___Jamestown established 1607•__5___Plymouth established 1620•__2___Santa Fe established 1607-1609•__6___Winthrop’s “City on a Hill” begins 1630 •__2___Harvard College established 1636•__3___Old Deluder Act passed 1647•__1___Roger Williams banished 1635

 •__2___Bacon’s Rebellion 1676•__1___Half-Way Covenant 1662•__3___Salem Witch trials 1692