REVERSE GEAR present"FLYWHEEL-"

8/9/2019 REVERSE GEAR present"FLYWHEEL-"

1/23

1


2/23

2


3/23

3


4/23

EDITORS NOTEDITORS NOTEDITORS NOTEDITORS NOT

Seest thou not, God sends down

colors. And in mountains are trac

tinge. And so amongst men a

In outer nature we can, th

gradations but in spiritual wo

comprehensive. Who can truly u

themselves; can come to know the

Creativity flows from a sen

together. To create something yo

need to take a step towards your

own true identities. One step back

Discovering the person in y

the purpose for which you have b

you can. Run! Run! Run! And achi

mean you have to! Doesnt mean

filled with dusty and rusty memor

played in fast forward.

Polish yourself. Put your knapply the knowledge you have ac

this we provide you the intitial pl

of this magazine is a step towards

the engineer inside us to excel in b

This is the POWER stroke.

in FLYWHEEL. The urge and mo

legacy. Together we can overcom

keep this momentum and add

Presistence! Thats all we need. S

into expressive words that will mo

Let there be a change.. a

BE TH

4

rain from the sky? With it we then bring out

es white and red, of various shades of color an

nd crawling creatures and cattle are they of v

ough colors, understand and appreciate th

ld that variation or gradation is even

derstand it? Only those who are daring

answers.

e of inquistiveness,imagination and critical

need to believe in your own imagination

own dreams,your own ideas about life; on

to yourself.

ou and nourishing your own soul is the ult

een created. Learn! Learn! Learn! And gath

ve all you can. But just becuase you can do

you should! It will just turn you attic-brain

ies which are of no use. STOP living you lif

owledge to test by trying to do something nuired and bridge the gap between your dre

tform i.e. an e-zine THE REVERSE GEAR.

finding the new ways to flourish our intern

oth the professional and social life.

e have provided the initial push. All the e

entum to bring about the change is UNV

all the friction and power fluctuations. All

ur own power strokes to it. Presistence

, we urge all of you to collect your though

tivate others to think, learn and remain aliv

nd let it began with US!

DIFFERENCE..!! BE THE DAWN...

roduce of various

d black intense in

rious colors.(Fatir 27-28)

e finest shades and

more subtle and

nough to question

hinking,all blended

nd will power. You

e step back to your

imate step to serve

er all the knowlege

something dosesnt

into a lumber room

like a movie being

ew everyday. Try toms and reality. For

he commencement

al creative soul and

ergy is now stored

IELD. Lets create a

we need to do is to

! Presistence! And

ts and mould them

.

!


5/23

5

BEYOND A POINTAli Safdar Cheema 2006-MECH-169

Man has been called a social animal

mainly because of his logical thinking &

reasonable social traits. WHAT IFthis

tamed, trained, social & logical animal

fails to define logic?? What if this

animal does something that is beyond

the comprehension of logic or reason..??

Can any cause be so worthwhile, so

logical or so reasonable to demerit logic

itself??

What is it inside a man that causes a

soldier to tie grenades to his chest& lie

beneath a tank & explode himself..??

What is it inside a man to happily throw

away the most precious gift of nature to

him..?? HIS VERY EXISTANCE...!! Does any

logic in this world define the extinction of

the survival instinct in this social

animal..??Even an animal is supposed to

do anything & everything for its survival.

What is that state, in which man seizes to

be a HUMANor anANIMAL..??

What is it that forces a father to donate

his own organs to his child..??What is it

that state when Aurangzeb prays to GOD

to take his life & spare Humayuns..??

What is that the lap of a love one

provides all the happiness in the

world..??What is it that someones touch

eliminates all pain, all fear..?? I always

think of the saying that

Promises made in happiness & sorrows

are usually the weakest ones

Have you ever thought of this saying aslogical or reasonable..??

What is it about Happiness or Sorrow,

Love or Hatred that steals away your

identity from you..??

Is this really illogical or perfectly

logical..??

Is it just a sudden rush of adrenaline

through your veins..?? Or for that matter

what causes this adrenaline to flow

though you and every inch of you

existence so powerfully that every part o

your body just subordinates itself to this

sudden rush..?? What is it with Love or

Happiness that causes man to act so

unexplainably illogical &

unreasonable..?? Whether its the Love of

your flesh or the Love of your child, the

Love of your motherland or the Love of

one Loved one..??

There is but one conclusion.

There is a point beyond which, every

logic, every reason just vanishes& from

then on starts The Perfect Logic, The

Perfect Reason of the creation of

Mankind

JUST IN TIME MANUFACTURINGQuratulain Shakoor 8th Semester Industrial Engineering, UET Peshawar

Just-in-time manufacturing is a strategy

used in the business manufacturing

process to reduce costs by reducing the

in-process inventory level. It is driven by

a series of signals that tell the

production line to make the next piece

for the product as and when it is

needed. The signals used are usually

simple visual signals, such as the

absence or presence of a piece needed

in the manufacturing process.

Just-in-time manufacturing can lead to

huge improvements in quality and

efficiency. It can also lead to higher

profits and a larger return in

investment. A reorder level is set and

new stock is ordered when that level is

reached. There is no overstocking of

parts. This saves on space in

the warehouse.

JIT manufacturing was first used by

Henry Ford of the Ford Motor Company.

Ford only bought materials for his

immediate needs in the manufacturing

process. He bought only the amount of

material needed to fit into his plan of

production. He planned transportation

of materials so the flow of his product

would be smooth. This gave him a rapid

turnover and decreased the amount of

money tied up in raw materials.

Ford's JIT process was adopted by many

other car manufacturers. Toyota in

Japan used the process with very

satisfactory results.

There seems to be only one problem

with JIT manufacturing, and that is that

the whole process lies in historical

demand.

Manufacturers need to gauge the levels

of materials and parts needed from

their past or current sales figures. If

there is a rise or fall in demand for the

product, it could have serious effects on

the inventory process. Manufacturers

have to make sure they have a sales

forecast or reference in place to allow

for these fluctuations in sales. If they do

not have these figures, it could cause a

serious problem for the just-in-time

manufacturing process.


6/23

6

The New type of Hydel Power Generation

Syed Muhammad Haider Jafri 2009-Mechanical

Pakistan has been suffering from an

enormous energy crisis since 2007.

This is partially because of the overpopulation, rapid industrial

expansion, lack of investments in

energy sector, our excessive use of

Air Conditioners, or anything else.

In the need of hour, we at Jafri

Research Facility have developed a

unique, inexpensive, easy to set-up

and cheap to maintain power plant

that runs entirely on running water.

The idea of this type of power plant

came to my mind when I was in Azad

Kashmir, enjoying my vacation there

on the bank of River Neelum. This

river is very fast flowing and I thought

of utilizing that energy in the form of

electricity. As the Neelum-Jehlum

power project is underway, giving a

total of 960 MW of electricity, I

thought of making more versatile

source of energy for conversion into

electricity, i.e. the converting the

canal water into raw power.

The running water is 1000 times more

energetic than the wind blowing with

the same velocity, so the idea of

Wind Power Plant seems ridiculous to

me.

As JRF conducted the survey of

Lahore Canal water, I found out that

the water velocity is about 0.8 m/s.

Further research revealed the facts

that at the depth of about 6 foot, and

the width of 12 foot, if a rectangular

pipe (preferably of a composite

material e.g. Fiber Glass, as it has

enormous ultimate tensile strength,

and Carbon Fiber is much betteroption as it is almost invincible

material when treated properly)

having curved edges on the inside, to

reduce the water energy losses as it

travels through it, will make the

running of the water more

streamline, making it closer to the

ideal fluid.

Our goal is to make the flow of water

as smooth as possible so that all the

energy contained in it can easily be

extracted.

Another major goal is to increase the

velocity of water, so that it will turn

the turbine faster thus generating

more power. The problem of torque

is overcome by increasing the amount

of water that enters the composite

duct through one end and leaves the

other end.

To do this, we reduced the area of

the second end of the duct that is

directly connected to the intake of

the turbine. We used Francis Turbine

in developing the design of this

power plant as power conversion of

this type of water turbine is more

that 75% of the energy of water,which is very high as compared to the

other turbines of its class.

The most important thing in

the power conversion of the Francis

Turbine is the design of the blades

that extract the actual energy from

water. The angle of the blades is

variable, and its actual value is still a

classified fact and is not to bereleased publically for some time.

The material of the blade selection is

another major factor in increasing the

efficiency of the turbine. The materia

should be as light as possible and it

should not be tough as to absorb the

impact load that the water delivers to

it, rather it should transmit this

energy to the rotor directly without

any losses. For this application, we

again preferred the use of Carbon

Composite Materials, as thei

properties can be molded to the

desired specific needs of its

applications.

The most important thing in the

designing of this type of turbine was

to increase the velocity of the wate

running through it. So instead o

having only a turn of 360 degree, we

altered the standard design of the

turbine and gave it another twist of

360 degrees, increasing the velocity

water.

The number of turbine blades was

also doubled and the final set of

blades had to be made of certain

special material, whose material is aclassified secret.

The generator is connected

perpendicular to the flow of water

making the system as compact as

possible.


7/23

7

According to our research, this single

system is quite capable of delivering

at least 600-800 KW of electricity, or

if some alterations are made to the

design, it can do well above 1.2MW

of electricity. Combining a number of

such units would yield a total

ofenormous amount of energy.

Even if the same system is connected

to a fast flowing river with some

modifications, it would yield

enormous amount of energy.

That was one of the first researches

done by JRF and we have a number of

researches in the field of alternate

energy, and these would be coming in

the next issues.

Biodiesel, a Renewable Source of EnergyMuhammad Zubair Amjad 2008-Mechanica

Biodiesel is a non-petroleum and

environmentally-friendly alternative

to petroleum-based diesel fuel. Made

from vegetable oil, biodiesel is non-

toxic and carbon-neutral, providing

almost completely clean emissions. It

is also good for engines, its

composition providing a greater

degree of natural lubricity than

current ultra-low sulphur diesel

fuels(ULSD), and has shown to help

keep engines clean, preventing the

buildup of deposits that can take

place with traditional diesel fuel. As a

result of being made directly from

plants that can be regrown on the

same land, biodiesel is considered a

renewable source of energy. This is

an obvious contrast to fossil fuels

which can never be renewed.

Biodiesel production is essentially

quite a simple process, and although

requiring a fairly high degree of

precision requires only simple

chemicals and equipment.

Vegetable oils are made up of

triglyceride esters- a combination of 3

fatty acid chains, held together with a

glyceride molecule. To convert the

vegetable oil into biodiesel, glycerin

has to be detached and replaced with

methanol, and the 3 fatty acid chains

need to be separated into 3 separate

methyl ester molecules. This is

accomplished by the addition of

methanol and a catalyst to the

vegetable oil. The volume of

methanol added should be 20% of

the volume of vegetable oil, and the

catalyst can be one of the 2

substances, both of which produce

acceptable results:

Sodium Hydroxide Potassium Hydroxide

The amount of catalyst required is

calculated beforehand based on the

results of titration test that isperformed on the vegetable oil. The

required amount of

sodium/potassium hydroxide is then

added to methanol, which is pumped

through the oil to thoroughly mix the

2 liquids and initiate the reaction.

Once the reaction is complete, the

triglyceride esters will be separated

from the glycerine and will mix with

the methanol to produce mono alkyl

esters, or biodiesel.

At this stage the glycerine being

heavier, will have sunk to the bottom

of the tank and can be drained off for

disposal or future use. The process is

now almost complete. The resulting

biodiesel after purifying is then ready

for storage or use, and should be

equal in volume to the origina

vegetable oil, with the methano

having directly replaced the glycerin

by volume.

Biodiesels benefits fall into 3

categories:

Environmental Reduced Engine Wear Long-Term Cost

Environmental Benefits of Biodiesel:

The environmental benefits of

biodiesel are threefold:

Biodiesel is carbon-neutral. Thismeans that emissions of CO2 equa

the CO2 that was absorbed by the

plants the oil was made from

Thus biodiesel is said not to

contribute any CO2 to the

environment--- a good thing. This

is in contrast to the consumptionof fossil fuels, which release large

amounts of CO2 into the

environment that have been

locked away for millions of years

Thus use of fossil fuels results in a


8/23

net contribution of CO2 to the

environment.

Emissions from vehicles usingbiodiesel fuel are much lower and

more environmentally-friendly

than from vehicles using mineral

diesel. Biodiesel emissions are:

Up to 60% lower in CO2 Lower in CO(Carbon Monoxide)

emissions

O

ul

th

h

so

bl

th

Wind is a form of solar energy. Winds

are caused by the uneven heating of

the atmosphere by the sun, theirregularities of the earth's surface,

and rotation of the earth. Wind flow

patterns are modified by the earth's

terrain, bodies of water, and

vegetation. Humans use this wind

flow, or motion energy, for many

purposes: sailing, flying a kite, and

even generating electricity.

Wind energy or wind power

describes the process by which the

wind is used to generate mechanical

power or electricity. Wind turbines

convert the kinetic energy in the

wind into mechanical power. This

mechanical power can be used for

sp

or

coel

th

lin

a

So

el

tu

8

Lower in particulate emissions

Lower hydrocarbon emissions

Completely free of sulphur oxide

emissionsBiodiesel does not

contain sulphur.

Biodiesel does have very slightly

higher emissions of nitrogen oxide(NOx) than petrodiesel, although

these can be reduced by use of a

catalytic converter.

Reduced Engine Wear

e of the side effects of the move to

tra-low sulphur diesel has been that

e lubricating properties of the fuel

ve been reduced. Biodiesel offers a

lution to this even in 2%-5%

ends, it has been proven to replace

e lubricity and provide cleansing

solvent pro

reduce we

system, inj

deposits.

Biodiesel o

term oppor

to individu

choose to

machinery

Although at

available

biodiesel/p

at approxi

100% petro

potential f

biodiesel r

future.

Wind TurbinesEhtisham Ahmad Bhutt

ecific tasks (such as grinding grain

pumping water) or a generator can

nvert this mechanical power intoectricity. The electricity is sent

rough transmission and distribution

es to homes, businesses, schools,

d so on.

how do wind turbines make

ectricity? Simply stated, a wind

rbine works the opposite of a fan.

Instead of

wind, like

wind to mturns the b

which conn

makes elect

wind turbin

Technically

wind turbi

rotation

direction

When air fl

turbine a f

blades an

turbine in t

Because of

rotor blad

created fo

perties that will help to

ar and keep the fue

ctors and engine free of

ffers medium and long

tunities for cost benefits

als and businesses that

run their vehicles and

n a biodiesel-based fuel

present, the most readily

5% blends of

troleum-diesel are priced

ately the same price as

leum diesel fuels, there is

r the cost per liter of

ad fuels to fall in the

i 2008-Mechanica

using electricity to make

fan, wind turbines use

ke electricity. The windlades, which spin a shaft

ects to a generator and

ricity. Take a look inside a

to see the various parts.

speaking, Horizontal axis

nes have a plane of

perpendicular to the

f the incoming wind

ows past the blades of a

orce is exerted onto the

tail fin, pushing the

he direction of the wind

the special shape of the

s, a lift force is also

rcing rotor to revolve


9/23

about the central axis in the familiar

way.

The rotor is connected to a shaft

which drives a generator directly,

producing the electrical output from

the machine. Larger machines can

make use of a gearbox to maintain a

fixed generator speed for different

wind conditions.

Turbine design depends largely upon

whether it is horizontal axis or

vertical axis, with horizontal axis

machines by far the most common.

The axis is defined by the direction of

the rotor shaft. They can also be

either free standing on a pole or

mast, or more recently, building

mounted.

Vertical axis machines (VAWT) do notneed to point in the direction of the

wind and so may be more suitable for

areas of turbulent wind conditions.

One drawback with vertical axis

machines is that they might not be

capable of self-starting and are

generally less efficient.

Horizontal axis machines (HAWT) are

by far the most commonly installedand typically have three or more

rotor blades. They automatically

orientate themselves with the

direction of incoming wind, but turn

a

sp

P

st

to

m

g

m

th

th

o

M

d

w

of

e

T

di

b

st

sa

T

ty

co

com

tu

L

us

b

co

o

fr

sidi

vi

is

it

9

ay from it in times of high wind

eed to prevent damage.

le mountings consist either of a

eel or composite material (tubular

wer), a lattice tower, or a guyed

ast on top of which the turbine and

nerator are located. Building

ountings are designed for attaching

e machine to a building, such as on

e gable end of a house ranging in

tput from around 0.5kW 2.5kW.

ost large wind turbines are

livered with tubular steel towers,

hich are manufactured in sections

20-30 meters with flanges at either

d, and bolted together on the site.

e towers are conical (i.e. with their

ameter increasing towards the

se) in order to increase their

rength and to save materials at the

me time.

ubular towers are the most used

pe because they are easy to

nstruct, their simplicity, and low

st. These kinds of towers permitodify its height just adding new

bes trams and adding guy cables.

ttice towers are manufactured

ing welded steel profiles. The

sic advantage of lattice towers is

st, since a lattice tower requires

ly half as much material as a

ely standing tubular tower with a

ilar stiffness. The basicsadvantage of lattice towers is their

ual appearance, (although that

ue is clearly debatable). Be that as

may, for aesthetic reasons lattice

towers hav

use for larg

Many small

with narro

by guy w

towers. Th

savings,

disadvantag

around th

towers

which mak

them les

suitable i

farm area

Finally, this

prone t

compromisi

Some towe

combinatio

mentioned

Hybrid To

tower wh

photograph

a hybrid be

a tubular to

The best sit

be a place

most cons

speed pos

depends

landscape

almost all l

increases, a

ground;

nearby builand produc

The best pl

obstruction

highest pos

almost disappeared from

, modern wind turbines.

wind turbines are built

pole towers supported

ires called Guyed pole

e advantage is weight

nd thus cost. The

es are difficult access

e

e

s

n

.

type of tower is more

o vandalism, thus

ng overall safety.

rs are made in different

s of the techniques

above and are known as

ers. One example is the

ich you see in the

which may be said to be

ween a lattice tower and

er.

e to install a windmill wil

here it is exposed to the

tant and highest wind

sible. The wind speed

enormously on the

the air moves over. In

ocations the wind speed

s you get higher off the

vegetation, landscape

dings, etc. stop the windturbulences.

ce for a wind tower, is an

free area, and the

ible.


10/23

H

Being the most efficient braking

system, Hydraulic systems of brakes

are used nowadays instead of the

mechanical brakes system. In this

system, the brake pedal is connected

to pistons in master cylinders and by

steel tubing with flexible sections to

individual cylinders at the wheels.

Front and rear hydraulic circuits from

the main cylinder are separated. The

wheel cylinders are located between

the mutable ends of the brake shoes,

and each is en suite with two pistons

that are forced outward.

Ensuring the braking efficient

especially of the rear wheels is very

significant. For this purpose hydraulic

control valves are used. To control

the rear brake pressure is necessary

due to inertia because when brakes

are applied, the total weight ofvehicle shifts toward front. Rear

wheel can skid out of control because

they have less weight during braking,

they can lock up easily and cause the

vehicle to lose traction.

A

a

gr

th

th

th

D

fr

fri

r

l

a

t

r

c

T

t

l

d

of

A

fo

di

o

ca

e

cr

10

draulic System of Brakes

we know that when the brakes are

plied on the vehicle, its center of

avity tends to move forward due to

e inertia of the body. Thus causing

e front wheels to become heavier

an the rear wheel.

e to the engine presence on the

nt of the car, the load is larger thus

ction is larger on the front than the

ear assembly. So, rear wheels will

ck-up earlier when brakes are

pplied. This will cause the rear tires

o lose traction/ skid. Friction

educes and tire will have very less

ontact with the road.

he braking force of the rear tires

ust be reduced as compared with

he front wheels to prevent early

ck up which can be very much

angerous. This is done by the help

proportioning valve.

proportioning valve is a valve that,

llowing the laws of fluid pressure,

spenses input forces to one or more

tput lines. A proportioning valve

n amplify or dwindle forces for

ch production, depending on the

oss-sectional surface areas of those

output lines.

Proportioning valve

is designed such as

to bring actual

pressure curves as

close to the ideal as

technically possible.

This reduces the

pressure to

increase t

cylinder

proportioni

the pressur

increases.

It autom

hydraulic p

cylinder. H

of any kind

two pisto

connected

further pist

stop the car

is usually

bronze.

Bypass

incorporate

front brake

pressure, it

pressure to

proportioni

because ov

the valve i

pushes rigpushes lef

supply is c

brake then

bypass valv

pressure to

M . S 08-Mechanica

rear brakes. This should

he pressure to main

ut the process of

g occurs very fast, thus

e on main cylinder not

atically reduces the

ressure for rear whee

draulic cylinder consists

of fluid filled in pipe and

s. Brake pedals are

o the main cylinder and

ns attached will work to

. Material for the cylinde

Al, steel, cast iron o

valve is generally

d in valve body. When the

circuit has loss of brake

ensures maximum brake

rear brakes. Spring in

g valve holds it to the left

erall hydraulic effect on

s neutral as rear brake

tward and front brakeward. If the hydraulic

t off to the front whee

the rear brake will move

e to right causing abrupt

apply rear brakes.


11/23

11

All FWD use double proportioning

valve, one for controlling the front

brake and the other for rear brake.

Tension on one spring controls the

movement of both the valves. As

previously described in the function

of the bypass valve, if front wheelbrake fails, all the hydraulic pressure

is transmitted to the rear wheel

cylinder causing it to be fully braked

at exact timings i.e. rear wheel and

front wheel will be fully braked at

same timings.

Greater the load, greater braking

force is required for rear brakes. Thus

load sensing proportioning valves can

be used with bypass circuit, known as

load sensing proportioning bypass

valve. Vehicle height senses the load

which is transmitted to PV, by the

help of leaf spring attached to the

sensor .It gets compressed as the

vehicle load increases and lessens the

height of the body.

But load sensing s (LSPVs) have two

drawbacks, one is that the

mechanical linkage in LSPV mounted

on the drivers side frame rail and

other side axle housing is not

physically capable of the range of

motion that our long travel

suspension provides. Second is, if the

ride height alters which is

approximately 3" lift and load

distribution varies abruptly then LSPV

does not provide its proper line

pressure to the rear brakes.

It will be more favorable to replace

LSPV altogether with a racing type

adjustable proportioning valve . Then

input will be of drivers choice that

how much change in percentage of

line pressure to the rear brakes is

required.

It should always be ensured that the

brake system is fully functional and

has been properly tested and

adjusted for performance and safety

As, safety is not a gadget but a state

of mind.

Climate Change and Green Development

Ahmed Hassan Tariq 2006-Mechanica

If the lifespan of the earth, from its

birth to its end, is converted into a

scale of a year i.e. 365 days, Homo

sapiens came on its face on 31st

December, 15 minutes to midnight.

But this is not that daunts the

environmentalist. The fight, economy

versus environment, has proved

deleterious for Mother Nature,

reducing the precious 15 minutes.

Oceans are dumped with garbage;

rivers with overrun fertilizers, forests

are stripped off, air is poisoned by

chemicals. We face water shortage,

squandered acres of land, depleted

natural resources, global warming,

even according to some, global

cooling but more importantly, a

drastic climatic change.

Why we face all this? Now this is one

perspective of it. This is all linked with

the discovery of fossil fuels being

converted into a more efficient

energy source. Before the advent of

fossil fuels being our primary source

of energy, we relied on the sun, the

universal source of energy and thus,

the total population of the world had

remained constant as with the sun

being the only source of energy, a

limited number of plants were grown

which could feed a certain number of

a population. Then, the discovery of

fossil fuels, gave a more efficient

power source which could be

harnessed in many ways. And with

industrial revolution, the life of a

common man changed. More

luxuries, more food could be grown,

more water could be pumped out

Yes, it did have many benefits but

using the fossil fuels irresponsibly has

in time for us some great difficulties.

The use of fossil fuels generated

gases, such as carbon dioxide

nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides etc

which as in a phenomenon of a

greenhouse, trap the heat and does

not let it radiate out, raising the

overall temperature of the earth. This

is one common thing we all, I am

sure, know. Approximately, 80% o

the greenhouse gases released isfrom the industrial sector. Levels of

several important greenhouse gases

have increased by about 25% since

large-scale industrialization which

began 150 years back. In compute

based models, rising concentrations


12/23

of greenhouse gases produce an

increase in the average surface

temperature of the Earth over time.

Rising temperatures may, in turn,

produce changes in precipitation

patterns, storm severity, and sea level

commonly referred to as climatechange. Variance of several degrees

of temperature could disrupt the

whole ecosystem.

This shows us the consequences of

using fossil fuels without proper

techniques. But if, let us imagine, this

all continues and all the fossil fuels

have deplete and none alternative

sources of energy is found, mankind

would go back to relying on the sun,

the universal source of energy. What

could this do to us? Firstly, energy

fr

d

p

w

su

w

dr

T

n

so

to

sa

p

di

a

m

h

e

p

Being an engineer, I have so many

times played with efficiency curves,characteristic curves, stress-strain

curves etc increasing the retention of

my knowledge every time. A few

seconds ago, I was just thinking

why I dont do something to let

children provide an opportunity to

shoot out their LEARNING

CURVES!!!

In this real battle of BRAINSTORMwe can let our new generation

learn technology and physical

phenomenon through prototypes

developed by little efforts of

engineers that can provide

opportunity for kids to understand

sc

ast

pr

p

It

of

u

12

m the sun could only meet the

mands for a certain number of

ople as said above. Meaning, it

ould not be capable enough to

pport a population of 10 billion,

hich would then decrease

astically to very small number!

ere is only one solution for us. We

ed to find efficient alternative

urces of energy and build a greener

morrow, as most environmentalist

y. But none of this could be

ssible unless governments of

ferent countries join in. First of all,

international committee should be

ade, similar to the United Nations,

ving ultimate power on

vironment related matters. A

rfect example of this is the Kyoto

Protocol.

deforestatio

should be m

illegal and

and to

Waste dis

created, todumped int

should be i

as propose

And a speci

made to inv

to produce

the natur

sunlight, ti

that is n

alternativebe equally

Learning with ProtosSyeda Zahra Shujah Ka

ientific things and it might even be

golden chance for engineeringudents to learn more by developing

ototypes for different

enomenon.

would be my pleasure to share one

my prototypes for letting others to

derstand what I am trying to say.

This protot

concept ofsuperpositi

prototype

cancellation

This de

of supe

when t

from dif

and the

of shift,would b

out eac

there

Basically

wave in

compresses

The problem o

n should be met. Policies

ade and laws enforced on

xcessive cutting of trees

ncourage reforestation

osal plants should be

ensure that no waste iso fresh water. Industries

posed with a carbon tax

in the Kyoto Protocol

ic organization should be

ent and explore new ways

enewable efficiency using

l resources such as

al waves, wind etc. But

ot the problem; the

ources of energy have toefficient and economical

mi 2008-Mechanica

pe works on the simple

oise cancellation throughn; so basically its a

ircuit of a simple noise

device.

ice uses the phenomena

rposition of waves that

o or more sound waves

erent sources are present

sound waves are180 out

the sum of the waveformse zero. They would cance

h other and ultimately

ould be no sound

sound is a compression

ir so the wave first

to an amount greate


13/23

13

than normal air pressure; hence

adding the positive and negative

pressure will ultimately give you the

normal air pressure.

You can develop prototype of such a

simple active noise cancellation

device. All you need to do is to follow

the circuit shown.

In this circuit we use a step down

transformer to reduce 240V to 12V.

Oscillator provides us with the pure-

tone (simplest periodic sound) sound

which is fed to the first speaker.

Oscillator is further connected to

Audio-inverter like 741 operational

amplifier, which inverts the sound

and the shift of the sound, is decided

by using adjuster attached with the

inverter. This inverted sound is

further amplified and fed to the

second speaker. When we switch onthe device and rotate adjuster to give

a 180 shift then no sound would be

heard but you can feel the vibrations

by putting your finger on any of the

speaker.

To teach anyone anything let that

person think and move him by

CREATING CUROSITIES. If engineering

students unlock their minds and also

work out on these miniature things

then it can offer a chance for them to

think and invent new things. Learning

through developing prototypes would

definitely provide an opportunity to

young learners to understand things

and intrigue them towardstechnology.

References:

Noise and Vibration Control byLeo L. Beranek

www.faqs.org www.school-for-champions.com www.wikipedia.com

Environmental Benefits of using BiogasSara Naeem 2008-Mechanical

The world community uses up in a

minute what it took Earth a

millennium to create. World will, at

this pace, soon run out of its

conventional energy sources.

Pakistan is an agricultural country and

being a developing country, it is

facing a number of challenges in

meeting its energy requirements

through conventional sources. Some

of the most common renewable

energy resources that are available

in Pakistan and have great feasibility

according to countrys geographic

location, geological conditions and

climatological cycle are hydroenergy, solar, tidal, wind,

geothermal energy and biomass or

solid wastes energy.

Its time for us to Go Green. Biogas

is a mixture of methane and carbon

dioxide and generating it from solid

waste or animal dung can prove to be

vital in solving energy and waste

management crisis in Pakistan. Some

of the major positive environmental

impacts of using biogas are:

Development of a benign and safe

waste management system,

Municipal waste is often not properly

disposed off. It is compacted in

sanitary landfills so natural anaerobic

digestion occurs. The biogas thus

produced can migrate from landfil

causing fires and killing vegetation

But by capturing it on site or

processing it in digesters these

environmental problems can be

solved providing energy to society.

Pollution and odor control of organic

putrescible wastes the fermentation

of manure in biogas production

greatly reduces the pathogen

content of the manure. It also

greatly reduces the odour of the

manure, as in the end, all the

volatile gases have been removed.

Reduction in the need for the use ofartificial fertilizers Microbial action

in the lagoon substantially reduces

chemical and biological oxygen

demands (COD and BOD

respectively), total solids (TS), volatile

solids (VS), nitrate nitrogen, and


14/23

14

organic nitrogen in the waste stream.

The liquid from digester is also used

as a fertilizer.

Control of pathogenic bacteria and

viruses, Coliform acteria, other

pathogens, insect eggs and internal

parasites also are destroyed or

reduced to acceptable levels by

anaerobic treatment.

Production of renewable energy,

Conversion of animal waste to biogas

through anaerobic digestion

processes can provide added value to

manure as an energy resource and

reduce environmental problems

associated with animal wastes. One

approach to increasing the value of

waste is to use it as an energy

resource.

Reduction in greenhouse gas

emissions The conversion of biomass

to biogas has a very positive impact

on environment. Methane is released

from the biomass as a result of

natural decay which is many timesstronger greenhouse gas than carbon

dioxide.

Carbon neutral process, The

sustainable application of biomass

presents a scenario for reduction in

global CO2 emissions which might be

achieved by the substitution. Biomass

could offset much of man-made

emissions of CO2 and play a

significant role in stabilizing the global

climate while allowing the increase in

energy use which is essential if the

people from developing countries areto have a good life.

Help urban areas. Biogas plants will

provide more opportunities to rural

businesses there by reducing the

urban mitigation that is taxing the

abilities of cities to cope with their

own environmental problems.

Biogas is sustainable. It is not like

other conventional sources of energy

which are running out due to

excessive use. The amount of waste

produced varies with the type of

animal, but generally ranges from 60

to 85 kg (wet basis) per 1, 000 kg live

animal mass per day in intensive

production systems. The energy

potential of these wastes is given by

the volatile solids (organic matter)

content, which ranges from 10 to 18%

of the total wet waste or 75 to 85% of

the dry weight. These wastes are

renewable source thus making

production of gaseous fuels

sustainable.

Usually rural areas do not have the

electrification facilities because they

are either too remote and/or too

expensive to connect to nationa

grids. The expansive electricity

produced in Pakistan has a huge

impact on industrial sector and is noteconomic at all. To sustain our

industrial progress and agricultura

development, we need to develop

and use alternative energy sources on

priority basis that would ensure eco-

friendly sustainable development

thus, solving the power crisis

providing energy security and saving

our environment from pollution. This

would provide good incentives foinvestors to invest in Pakistan

bringing about industrial and

agricultural reforms and economic

stability. But it also needs a continuity

of government policies, politica

stability, social peace and investment

in research and development sector.

Biogas energy has a great potentia

and feasibility in Pakistan. It can helpto solve some of our basic powe

needs in rural areas where anima

waste is easily available. But it has

not been adequately explored

exploited or developed yet.

Water EnginesFaizan Arif 2008-Mechanica

Running cars, fueled by water used to

be just a figment of science fiction

flicks...well, not anymore. This

article will unveil the nitty-gritty of

the technology which was kept under

wraps for years. My aim is to obtain

hydrogen gas from water to produce

power on economical basis and to

highlight different methods employed

to extract hydrogen from water. In

addition to, the complications, I,

faced during the working of the

engine are being transformed into

proficient solutions to synthesize a

profitable engine. Research reveals

that as compared to conventiona

engines water engine is the most

economical and efficient engine and

this analysis will mark the beginning

of an automotive revolution.


15/23

15

Water, as seen by a common man is a

source of quenching his thirst but

when it comes to engineering, the

approach drastically changes.

Engineers are born with the talent to

find something out of nothing, and

continuing this maxim they havecome up with a peculiar result, using

water as a source of fuel. Seems

anomalous, however that is the way

it is. Water when decomposes

generates hydrogen and oxygen

which when recombined generates

highly appreciated power without the

emission of harmful gases. Well, had

the phenomenon been that much

trouble free then all the chiefmanufacturers of car would have

installed it in their cars but the

scenario is totally opposite. This is

primarily because of the

inappropriate methods employed to

decompose water into its

components and if they ever

achieved the results of

decomposition, the problem

remained how to combine thecomponents again so that we get

something to cheer for.

According to the invention a method

of generating hydrogen comprises the

steps of exposing a fresh metal

surface to water and heating the

interface between the metal surface

and the water at least to the lowest

temperature at which the metalreacts with water to form a metal

oxide and hydrogen, the metal being

chosen from metals which are higher

in the electromotive series than

hydrogen and having stable and safe

handling characteristics. Preferably

the metal surface is exposed and the

interface heated by pressing an

electrode of the relevant metal

against a second electrode under

water and applying a high voltage

between the electrodes whilepreferably moving the electrode

surfaces relatively to one another.

In other words in the preferred form

of the invention hydrogen is formed

by creating an underwater electrical

discharge between two electrodes at

least one of which is made of a metal

as defined above.

The electrical discharge and the

relative movement between theelectrode surfaces ensure that fresh

metal surfaces are exposed to the

water while at the same time the

discharge heats the interface

between the electrodes and the

water to the required temperature at

which the metal reacts with water to

form its oxide and to liberate

hydrogen.

Also in the preferred form of the

invention the metal is aluminum

which has the advantage that it is in

relatively abundant supply, relatively

cheap, is formed with a protective

oxide layer on its exposed surfaces

and reacts with water at a relatively

low temperature. Aluminum wire fed

against a rotating aluminum drum has

been found to give excellent results

to provide hydrogen for powering

small internal combustion engines.

A convenient way of securing the high

voltage required is to employ the

conventional distributor and coi

arrangement which provides the

sparking for an internal combustion

engine. Two coils in parallel fed from

a common distributor have been

found to give excellent results. Other

methods of generating high voltages

from the battery or the drive shaft of

an internal combustion engine may

also be used. The method of the

invention lends itself in an excellent

manner to supply hydrogen on

demand. In this case hydrogen is fed

to a small buffer store and as the

pressure in the store exceeds a

predetermined level, the electrodes

are separated so that hydrogengeneration is interrupted. As the

pressure drops to a certain level the

electrodes are again fed towards one

another.

The story of this eccentric

mysterious, unfamiliar and relatively

unknown engine still mystifies leading

car manufacturing companies

because they do not have faith and

self-reliance in its efficient working

However, I am still buoyant that one

day I will own a water fueled car.


16/23

Renewable e

Pakistan, despite the enormous

potential of its energy resources,

remains energy deficient and has to

rely heavily on imports to satisfy

hardly its needs. Moreover a very

large part of the rural areas does not

have the electrification facilities

because they are either too remote

and/or too expensive to connect to

the national grid. Pakistan obtains its

energy requirements from a variety

of traditional and commercial

sources.

Share of various primary energy

sources in energy supply mix

remained during last few years as oil:

43.5%, gas: 41.5%, LPG: 0.3%, coal:

4.5%, hydroelectricity: 9.2%, and

nuclear electricity: 1.1%. The electric

power generation included 71.9%

thermal, 25.2% hydel and 2.9%

nuclear.

While there is no prospect for

Pakistan to reach self-sufficiency in

hydrocarbons, the good option is the

exploitation and utilization of the

huge coal reserves of Thar and the

other renewable energy sources.

Pakistan has wide spectrum of high

potential renewable energy sources,

conventional and as well non-

conventional, which have not beenadequately explored, exploited and

developed.

When it comes to Pakistan, an entire

gambut of renewable energy sources

can be considered plausible. Solar

(P

a

to

th

as

te

c

fi

fr

bi

s

all

re

T

toth

lik

re

e

th

pl

ch

b

se

clia

ac

pr

va

w

h

16

nergy resources in Pakistan

Zainab Nadee

V and concentrator PV/thermal)

d (onshore-off-shore) wind appear

make most sense, primarily given

e geography and climatic conditions

well as the maturity of the

chnology worldwide, but biofuels,

al-to-gas and coal-to-liquid fuels,

cher-tropsch synthesis of fuels

m converting biomass and

owaste to syn-gas, tidal power,

all hydro, and thermoelectrics are

l valid technologies to be

searched and looked into.

us, the primary energy supplies

day are not enough to meet evene present demand. So, Pakistan,

e other developing countries of the

gion, is facing a serious challenge of

ergy deficit. The development of

e renewable energy sources can

ay an important role in meeting this

allenge. Present observations

sed on reviewing the geological

tup, geographical position,

matological cycles and thericultural/industrial/urbanization

tivities reveal that there are bright

ospects for the exploitation of

rious renewable energy sources,

hich include mega & macro/micro-

del, biomass, biogas, wind, solar,

co-generati

wastes, util

levels, se

geothermal

Technologic

energy so

consequent

poverty a

environmen

can be ben

options of

substitute

sources ex

agricultural

population l

electricity

sources wil

thereby red

that is taxi

cope with

problems.

There is n

derive as m

solar conce

wind farms

natural gas

hydro-elect

The gover

energy in t

a centralize

must un

productionany change

have majo

investors

money (an

an infrastru

2008-Mechanica

n, city and other solid

ization of low-head cana

wave & tide and

energies etc

ally, all these renewable

urces are viable and

ly suit to efforts fo

lleviation and cleane

t in Pakistan. The country

fited by harnessing these

energy generation as

energy in areas where

ist. As Pakistan is the

country and major part of

ives in the rural areas, the

enerated by renewable

l also improve rural life

ucing the urban migration

g the ability of cities to

their own environmenta

reason why we cannot

uch or more energy from

trators, tidal waves, and

than we already do from

power plants and large

ric dams.

ment, having managed

e country for so long via

d organization (WAPDA)

erstand that energy

is a long-term play andto the energy policy can

r ramifications for the

ho may put up their

time) into building out

cture.


17/23

As the availability of adequate

supplies of energy is a pre-requisite

to generate economic activities, the

energy sector plays a vital role in

ensuring all-round development and

growth of economy of a nation.

Energy is considered as one of thefour major drivers of growth in

strategic planning of Pakistan

Government (FD, 2001). The other

three drivers are agriculture, small &

medium enterprises, and information

technology. Since the inception of

Pakistan, the primary power supplies

from the conventional energy sources

were (and are still today) not enough

to meet the countrys demand.Pakistan, despite the enormous

potential of its indigenous energy

resources, remains energy deficient

and has to rely heavily on the imports

of the petroleum products to satisfy

its present day need.

Efforts have also been made to

exploit the existing conventional

energy resources to build a strongindigenous exploration and

production base. In spite of all these

efforts, the achieved results so far are

not cost effective, helpful in

reduction of import dependence,

promotion of self-reliance through

accelerated exploitation of

co

m

d

p

in

ye

Inb

in

e

d

sy

C

T

fo

p

m

rech

N

re

re

co

ec

th

17

nventional energy resources with

inimum environmental

gradation. Though the thermal

wer generating capacity has

creased rapidly during last few

ars due to foreign investment in

dependent Power Producers (IPPs),t at the same time, it has caused

creased air pollution and GHG

issions with the result of

gradation of health and eco-

stems.

nclusion:

e conventional energy sources, i.e.

ssil fuels (such as coal and

troleum and biofuels like wood),

ega-hydel, and nuclear plants have

mained the energy sources ofoice of the world for centuries.

w, there has been a growing

cognition, for more than one

ason, of the dangers inherent in

ntinuing with the model of

onomic development based on

ese sources, particularly the

excessive c

One reason

fossil fuels

the present

would not

community

minute whmillennium

prophesized

before th

millennium,

convention

Moreover,

proved tha

has been re

is mainly c

emissionssystems ba

another as

sharp focu

countries c

excessively

marked as

fluctuations

indiscrimina

to defores

environmenburning of

increase in

consequent

for women

the other

energy gen

impacts on

nsumption of fossil fuels

is that the reserves o

are not unlimited and at

rate of consumption they

last very long. The world

today uses up in one

at it took the earth ato create. It is

that at this rate, wel

e end of the new

the world will run out of

l energy sources

it has been conclusively

t climate change, which

sulting in global warming

used by greenhouse gas

rom energy generatingsed on fossil fuels. Yet

ect that has come into

is that the developing

an ill afford to depend

upon petroleum imports

they are by volatile price

. Moreover

te use of fuel wood leads

tation with consequent

tal hazards and inefficientfuel wood leads to an

indoor air pollution and

health hazards especially

and children. Similarly

conventional sources o

ration have their adverse

nvironment.


18/23

18

WATCH PHONES

Tooba Aziz 08-Computer Science

Today, technology is starting to

advance even more than ever before.

It is not just getting bigger day by day,

but also getting slimmer and

portable. With these technology

advancements come many great

things, such as the watch cell phones.

Do you have a tendency to lose your

mobile phone?

Do you find it hard to carry that bulky

phone around? If so, then this wrist

cell phone watch is something you

should look into. One of the watch

phone owners said:

"It is the most innovative gadget of

the world"

Scientists have managed to pack an

amazing amount of technology into a

watch, which speaks volumes for

their technical capabilities. The

phone, or watch, whichever way you

perceive it, comes with touch screen

capabilities as well as internet access,

in addition to speech recognition. As

with all watches, the front face is the

central element of the unit, only in

this case it happens to be a TFT touch

screen which is 1.43 inches in size.

Utilizing Flash user interface

technology, navigation around its

integrated functionality is seamless.

The display screen is colorful in

nature due to its ability to display up

to 256,000 colors, which is unheard

of within a watch.

Short for thin film transistor, TFT is a

type of LCD touchscreen in which

each pixel is controlled by one to four

transistors. TFT-based displays have a

transistor for each pixel on the

screen. This allows the electrical

current that illuminates the display to

be turned on and off at a faster rate,

which makes the display brighter and

shows motion smoother. The TFT

technology provides the best

resolution of all the flat-panel

techniques, but it is also the most

expensive. TFT screens are

sometimes called active-matrix LCDs.

The circuit layout of a TFT-LCD is very

similar to that of a DRAM memory

(Dynamic Random Access Memory).However, rather than fabricating the

transistors from silicon formed into a

crystalline wafer, they are made from

a thin film of silicon deposited on a

glass panel. Transistors take up only a

small fraction of the area of each

pixel; the rest of the silicon film is

etched away to allow light to pass

through. This technology is used in all

watch phones these days.

FINGERNAIL AS STYLUS Pointed nail

for easier typing is shown in the

figure

The concept is to use a fingernai

trimmed to form a point, to be

specifically used as a stylus for a

watch phone for communication

Rather than pressing with the soft

skin of an outstretched fingertip, the

finger is curled over, so that the top

of the forward edge of a fingernai

can be used instead. The thumb is

optionally used to provide support fo

the finger or for a long fingernail

from underneath. The human

fingernail consists of keratin which

has a hardness and smoothness

similar to the tip of a stylus (and so

will not typically scratch a

touchscreen). Alternately, very short

stylus tips are available, which slipright onto the end of a finger; this

increases visibility of the contact

point with the screen.

FEATURES OF THE WATCH PHONE

In addition to making calls with this

watch, there are a couple of othe

applications found in the menu. For

example, an MP3 player and a voice

recording function. Especially the

latter is very useful, for instance to

record an important conversation, or

to record a voice memo. In addition

to these features, you can also insert

text memos and keep your agenda

up-to-date. The dialer was tiny, but


19/23

19

not too small to dial a phone number

accurately. Watch phone will even

get voice recognition, so you can skip

the dialer altogether. The phone has

a speaker onboard so you can talk

directly to your wrist, or you can use

Bluetooth for a wireless headphonesetup. Something you usually hardly

ever do, is make video-calls, however,

the Watch Phone did tempt you to do

so more often. It is the icing on the

cake for this gadget. A small VGA

camera ensures that you can see each

other during the call. You can also use

the VGA camera to take pictures,

although the quality simply does not

suffice, and moreover; the lens is

placed on the same side as theviewfinder.

So, watch phones provide complete

facilities of wrist watch, calendar,

camera, calculator and cell phone. It

is designed to appear like any top end

quality timepiece. Watch Phone is

stylish, sophisticated and the height

of technology, but its also undeniably

fun. Watch Phone demonstrates ou

technological leadership, proving thatcomputer scientists can bring all the

components in todays most

advanced mobile phones down to a

very small scale.

Self-Righting Buildings

Numair Farooq (08-Civil

A new earthquake-resistant structural

system for buildings, just successfully

tested in Japan, will not only help a multi-

story building hold itself together during

a violent earthquake, but also return it to

standing up straight on its foundation

afterward, true and plumb, with damage

confined to a few easily replaceable

parts.

The team that designed the system was

led by researchers at Stanford University

and the University of Illinois. During

testing on a massive shake table, the

system survived simulated earthquakes in

excess of magnitude 7 on Richter scale of

earthquake measurement.

This new structural system has the

potential to make buildings far more

damage resistant and easier to repair, so

people could reoccupy buildings a lot

faster after a major earthquake than they

can now.

The system dissipates energy through the

movement of steel frames that are

situated around the building's core or

along exterior walls. The frames can be

part of a building's initial design or could

be incorporated into an existing building

undergoing seismic retrofitting. They are

economically feasible to build, as all the

materials employed are commonly used

in construction today and all the parts

can be made using existing fabrication

methods.

The unique thing about these frames is

that, unlike conventional systems, they

actually rock off their foundation under

large earthquakes.

The rocking frames are steel braced-

frames, the columns of which are free torock up and down within steel shoes

secured at their base. To control the

rocking and return the frame to vertical

when the shaking stops, steel tendons

run down the center of the frame from

top to bottom. These tendons are made

of high-strength steel cable strands

twisted together and designed to remain

elastic during shaking. When shaking is

over, they rebound to their norma

length, pulling the building back into

proper alignment.

At the bottom of the frame sit stee

fuses designed keep the rest of the

building from sustaining damage.

The idea of this structural system is that

we concentrate the damage inreplaceable fuses. The fuses are built to

flex and dissipate the shaking energy

induced by the earthquake, thereby

confining the damage. Like electrica

fuses, the steel fuses are easily replaced

when they blow out.

The team conducted shake-testing of the

new system in the last few months at the

Hyogo Earthquake Engineering Research

Center in Miki City, Japan. Using differenttypes of fuses and various shaking

parameters, they conducted four majo

tests, the last on Aug. 24 2009. They had

previously developed and tested the

individual components of the system and

performed computational analyses to

simulate the system's performance at


20/23

20

laboratories at Stanford and the

University of Illinois.

This was the first time the whole system

was tested to check how it responded

dynamically in a building, the test was

performed under extreme earthquake

shaking.

How the tests were done

The tests of the new system were

conducted using a three-quarters size

model of a standard modern three-story

office building with a footprint 120 by

180 feet. The 26-foot tall model sat on a

massive vibrating shake table the

largest in the world, measuring over

3,000 square feet in size that is

designed to reproduce the shaking from

different earthquakes. Each of the three

stories weighed 100 metric tons.

System survived even extreme shaking

The rocking frame was undamaged after

the test but the steel fuses were yielded

and deformed because they absorbed all

the energy. This test demonstrated that

the rocking frame is a reliable and

effective system.

Buildings that survive earthquakes often

have to be torn down because they are

too deformed or damaged during the

shaking for it to be economical or even

physically possible, to repair them. So thebuilding sacrifices to save the occupants.

In this design the damage is minimized

and limited to the steel fuses.

The elastic behavior of the steel tendons,

each of which consists of seven steel

wires similar to the wire used in modern

suspension bridges, is particularly critical

to preventing residual deformation of the

building by pulling it back into plumb

when the shaking stops.

Other economic advantages and

sustainability benefits

In addition to saving lives and minimizing

repair costs, widespread use of the new

techniques could offer other benefits.

If more buildings are habitable right afte

an earthquake, you will have less

disruption to society. That could greatly

reduce how long economic downturns

and social disruptions linger after a major

earthquake. And there are potentia

environmental benefits.

If you think of the sustainability issues

imagine if you have a city where you have

to end up tearing down large numbers o

buildings. In terms of the environmenta

issues, there are tremendous costs fo

disposing of construction materials in

landfills, coupled with the impacts o

manufacturing the materials used fo

rebuilding. By prolonging the longevity o

buildings, you have a really positive

sustainability impact.
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/T/LCD.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/T/pixel.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/T/transistor.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylus_%28computing%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fingernailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fingernailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylus_%28computing%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fingernailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylus_%28computing%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_filmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliconhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_random_access_memoryhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/T/active_matrix_display.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/T/resolution.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/T/transistor.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/T/pixel.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/T/LCD.html


21/23

Tech Magazine review

Reading good technical

literature, having an update on

technology market and knowing about

latest gadgets is what every technology

enthusiast wants. But finding all of this

in a single package can prove to be an

annoyingly difficult task. So, for all of

those who speak IT & Computers, I

recommend a wonderful companion

SPIDER- a magazine for those who

live their life on web.

Rightfully claimed as Pakistans

ultimate digital resource, SPIDER is a

monthly magazine started in 1998 as a

joint venture of Dawn Newspaper and

Xiber.com. It carries cover stories and

feature articles on the development of

the Internet and how it affects

Pakistanis. Every issue of Spider

explores new technologies and

provides an insight into latest trends in

the tech world. Cover stories on

In

h

re

u

m

In

se

pr

an

ch

yo

pr

or

Sp

ha

A

m

st

fe

re

q

Tech Book Review

Do you need help

with thermo lab?

Want to

understand Car

ENGINE? Feeling

perplexed on

reading confusing

theory? Or have to prepare a thermo

lab report and viva? Then take no

tension, be relaxed, take three deep

breaths because here is your problem

solved. All you need is AUTOMOTIVE

MECHANICS. Written by William A.

Crouse and Donald L. Anglin and

published by McGraw Hill International,

this book is undoubtedly the most

useful book I have come across while

pr

re

u

h

te

10

la

d

di

cosy

el

ig

dr

su

sh

21

Sara Naeem

ernet and IT expand the digital

rizons of the readers. News bytes

lated to tech world help us keep

dated. Personally I wait a whole

onth for Spider to go through its

spect a gadget and buyers guide

ction. Best features and reasonable

ices of the recommended gadgets

d hardware have always helped me

oose what suits me and my budget. If

u want a gaming console, a

ofessional PC or a simple computer

whatever you want, every issue of

ider provides an excellent insight on

w to upgrade your computer withinpecific budget.

nother amazing part of SPIDER is the

onthly review of latest PC and play

tion games describing their plot,

atures, ratings and system

quirements. Tech tips, answers to

eries from readers, website reviews,

book review

lot of ad

technology

offline link t

continuing

developmen

SPIDER

started a re

column to

readers u

date on m

computing.

also regul

includes an

and Wi-Fi ho

Spider can

for just 37

monthly fro

Rs 50. Visit

information.

Sara Naeem

eparing for my Thermodynamics lab

ports and viva. Its easy to

derstand language with pictorial aid,

lps you learn complex engine

chnologies and theories in no time.

thEdition of this book covers the

est developments in automobile

sign, construction, operation,

agnosis and service. This book

ntains engines, classifications, enginestems like fuel injection, lubrication,

ctrical and electronic equipment,

ition systems, performance and

ivability, chassis, drive trains,

spension system. You name it. In

ort, a complete and comprehensive

book on au

comes in ha

and thermo l

For anyon

automotives

his/her kn

without neit

reading c

difficult liter

getting his/hsearch throu

books. This

Automotive

market in bo

can be found

of629.2872

08-MECHANCAL

s, internet security tips, a

ertisements related to

.. All in all a complete

o our online world. With

emphasis on wireless

ts,

has

ular

eep

-to-

bile

It

larly

updated list of local ISPs

tspots.

e subscribed to for 1 year

5 Rs or can be bought

m nearest book stores fo

www.spider.tm for furthe

08-MECHANICAL

tomotive car engines that

ndy for both thermo lab 1

lab 2.

who is interested in

& wants to improve

wledge on this subject

her getting a headache by

nfusing & ridiculously

ature available online no

er hands dirty by trying togh dusty old edition library

ook is A MUST HAVE.

Mechanics is available in

th pirated & original form &

in UET library with serial no

88A.


22/23

22

ASME UET-TECHNICAL SOCIETY REVIEW Faizan Arif (2008-Mechancical)

Founded in 1880, ASME

INTERNATIONAL is regarded, by

distinguished mechanical engineers

as a leading society in the field.

Primarily, ASME owes its success to

its lucid and effective Mission

Statement which goes as

To promote the arts and

science of Mechanical Engineering and

the allied sciences

ASME INTERNATIONAL is distributed

into 10 districts, ranging from A to J.

Our motherland, Pakistan falls under

district G and shares this group with

Australia, Hong Kong, India,

Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia,

Philippines, Singapore, South Korea

and Taiwan.

When we shift from district to

country level, ASME PAKISTAN

constitutes numerous ASME student

sections, where ASME-UET STUDENTS

SECTION is prominent among the

rest.

My job actually starts from here;

where I have to burnish the

reputation of ASME UET on behalf of

its achievements. ASME UET, three

times best student section, is a

complete technical package for

science oriented people which aims

to provide group level benefits to

ASME student members, to increase

industrial and corporate interaction,

to manage research projects and

inculcate them in industries, to

enhance personal development, to

provide internships to its members

and to encourage and send

participants to represent UET in

different National and International

Engg. Contests.

ASME UET, since 2004 has been

privileged to host Humanitarian

Professional Development

Conference (HSSDC) and Student

Professional Development

Conference (SPDC) in 2006 and 2008

respectively. Moreover, ASME UET

was honored to conduct Student

Leadership Seminar (SLS) in 2010.

In addition to this, ASME UET has

many awards and gratifying

achievements under its belt. Starting

from 2005, student members

achieved 2nd position in Aero

modeling competition in GIKI, pulled

off 1st and 3rd positions in Technical

Webpage design contest and

technical presentation contest in

SPDC, Singapore in 2007, attained 1stand 2nd positions in Technical

webpage contest and technical

presentation contest in SPDC, India.

This society acquired 1st and 3rd

Positions in Technical Quiz Contest,

Technical Paper and project

competition respectively, in 2nd

AMEC, held in 2009 and fetched 1st

and 2nd position in Quiz and Project

Competitions respectively in 3rdAMEC, held in 2010.

Besides that ASME UET conducts

Presentation contests, Technical

poster contests, Industrial tours,

Seminars and webinars and provides

Internships and job resources to its

treasured members. Diversity Action

Program (DAP) has been assigned to

ASME UET to be executed this yea

(2010) which reflects the glory and

grandeur of the society.

Now coming towards the

administration, the pecking order of

the society is as follows- President

ASME UET, General Secretary

Coordinator, President Technica

Sections, Assistant Vice president

Technical sections and Volunteers

The current number of enrolledmembers is more than 350 and the

members are increasing day by day

The membership fee for student

members is 50 Rs only in particular

months. You have to fill a form,

placed at Khalid photo copy in SSC

and pay the amount to the member

recruitment head.

All things considered, the society iswell managed and the zenith of the

reputation is due to its exalted status

backed up by several achievements in

its bag. For sure, the certificates of

ASME UET add up to the persona

zeal and make your CV prominent

among the rest. Be a part of ASME

family and learn to set a standard for

your new horizons.


23/23

23
http://www.spider.tm/

REVERSE GEAR present"FLYWHEEL-"

Documents

Transcript of REVERSE GEAR present"FLYWHEEL-"