Re-usable Water Bottles Green – Sturdy – Functional

Plastic or Aluminum?

NALGENE SIGG

•  Manufacture

Stage 1

•  Use

Stage 2 •  Disposal

Stage 3

Life Cycle Analysis

Why NALGENE

General Concern

  One of the first

  Leader

  Largest market share

  BPA Free

  Copolyester instead of polycarbonate

Nalgene

  BPA (Bisphenol A)

  Used in Polycarbonates

  Has Many Harmful Effects

 Now – BPA Free (Transition)

Machining

Blow molding Injection molding

Cutting

Transportation

Raw oil to chemical plant

Chemical plant to Machine factory

Factory to retail store

Recycle Cutting

Sorting

Plastic Bottle

COPOLYESTER

Petroleum Hi Temp catalyst

Intermediate Materials

Intermediate processes

NALGENE LCA

Okala Impact Assesment

Bill of Materials Processes

Amount Unit Okala Factor

Unit Okala Impact

Polycarbonate

0.375 lb 36 /lb 13.5

Blow/Inj. Molding

0.375 lb 9.4 /lb 3.525

Transport (0.375) X (2717)*

lb-mile 0.00086 /lb-mile .877

Total 18.17

Recycle - - - - .265

* Distance from NY (factory) to SF (store)

Recycle Cutting

Sorting

0.265

Coplyester (Calculations based on

Polycarbonates)

Machining

Blow molding Injection molding

Cutting Transportation

Raw oil to chemical plant

Chemical plant to Machine factory

Factory to retail store

13.5

3.525 0.877

Plastic Bottle

18.17

What goes in a SIGG bottle?

Cap

Bottle

Aluminum

Polypropylene

Santoprene seal

Water based epoxy liner

Paint

Aluminum Ore

Oil

EDM Rubber

Polymer

Colored Pigments

Catalyzing Agent

Diesel Fuel

Oil

Oil

Natural & Synthesized Chemicals

Coal

Polypropylene

Sigg Aluminum Bottle

Aluminum Bottle

Transportation

Recycling

Sorting

Cutting

Manufacturing

Cutting Extrusion Forming

Bauxite Mining

Alumina Refining

Primary Smelting

Ingot Casting

Transportation

Transportation

 Western Australia Switzerland  Frauenfeld, Switzerland Bremerhaven, Germany (560 miles)  Bremerhaven, Germany Houston, Texas  Houston, Texas Stanford, CA (1,900 miles)

SIGG Okala Impact Assessment

Bill of Materials

Amount Unit Okala Factor

Unit Okala Impact

Aluminum, primary

.28125 Lb 130 /lb 36.5625

Metal extrusion

.28125 Lb 4.4 /lb 1.2375

Polypropylene .04375 Lb 13 /lb .5687

Injection molding

.04375 Lb 10 /lb .4375

Truck 16 ton .32500 Lb 2.4 /ton*mi .8700

Tanker ship .32500 Lb .13 /ton*mi .2680

Total 39.9402

The Winner is

NALGENE SIGG

NALGENE vs. SIGG Use

  Transparent

  Plastic odor

 Microwavable

  Dishwasher safe

  Freezable

  Hot Drinks fine

  Cost: $15

  Customizable

  Odorless

 Not Microwavable

 Not Dishwasher friendly

 Not Freezable

  Hot Drinks not recommended

  Cost: $25

Improvements to Reusable Bottles

  Reduce materials required

  Thinner wall thickness

  Change shape (same volume/less materials)

  Replace with recycled materials

  Recycled SIGG Okala Impact ~9

  Replace materials

  Odorless yet still transparent?

  Conformable material

  Lighter materials

  Create a system to return dented/cracked/damaged bottles to manufacturer

Return Used Bottle

Create New Bottle

Rethinking Reusable Bottles

  Easier to use

  Collapsible bottle

  Attachment devices

  Installing more bottle holders in user environments (cupholders in desks)

  Installing more water appliances in highly populated areas

 More incentives for use

  Discounts for using reusable bottles (soda, water, juice)

 More stylish bottle

  Customizable shapes

  Bottles that can function as drinking cups within home (cap for on-the-go)