Re~u I Le ~MARS I - Culture Sector - UNESCO

Annex to R5: Documentary Evidence of the Inventory

The appended document includes:

lil flll~ll !l~ 111 , ,111111 0127100017

Re~u CLT I CIH I ITH

Le ~MARS 2017 I N° .......... 0/~.~ ............... .

1) An extract of the inventory in Japanese which shows the structure of the inventory and the

10 elements nominated in this file. These are highlighted in yellow.

2) The English translation of the inventory structure and the details of 10 elements nominated

in this file.

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I 2 . Important Intangible Folk Cultural Properties <extract>

Koshikii ima no Toshidon (Toshidon of Koshiki jima)

Geographical location: Satsumasendai City, Kagoshima Prefecture

Date of designation: 17 May 1977

Preservation association(s): Association for the Preservation of Koshikijima no Toshidon

Description:

Koshikijima no Toshidon is a ritual transmitted in Shimo-koshiki of Satsuma-sendai City in

Kagoshima Prefecture and performed on New Year's. In this area, deities called Toshidon area

said to descend to the summit of the mountain on the night of New Year's Eve and ride

headless horses to visit the realm of people. They then visit houses and bless the new year.

Men dress as Toshidon. They wear bizarre masks with long noses and huge mouths, don

straw capes, and put on shuro or sotetsu (types of palms) fronds. They enter each house

making sounds like the hoofbeats of horses, then shout threateningly at children in particular.

They ask the children how they behave daily, lecture them on behaving well, and, at times,

praise them. Finally, they give the children a large mochi (pounded rice cake) called toshimochi

as a reward. The children let the Toshidon place the mochi on their backs before leaving. lt is

said that children cannot age a year without receiving toshimochi, and this is thought to be the

origin of the so-called otoshi-dama (the practice of giving money to children during New Year's).

This ritual involves deities who visit during the beginning of the year and bless people, or

usher in the new year by visiting.

Oga no Namahage (Nahamage of Oqa)

Geographical location: Oga City, Akita Prefecture

Date of designation: 22 May 1978

Preservation association(s): Association for the Preservation of the Oga Namahage Ritual

Description:

Oga no Namahage is a ritual performed on New Year's that is transmitted in Oga City,

Akita Prefecture. Every New Year's Eve at night, deities called Namahage come to the lands

of people in this city and visit houses, celebrating the new year.

People who warm themselves for too long near a traditional Japanese hearth develop fire

stains on their hands and legs. In this area, these fire stains are called namomi; they are

understood to be a sign of being lazy and loafing about. The name "Namahage" is said to be

The Inventory of ICH in Japan <extract> - The English translation - 1 -

a warped version of "Namomi-hage," or ones who cut off namomi. In other words, it is said that

Namahage came to be called "Namahage" because they admonish the lazy. Young men of

each district dress as Namahage. They wear large oni (ogre) masks, don kede (straw capes),

and hold fake knives or small wooden tubs. They visit houses and shout, asking if there are

children who cry or disobey their parents. At each house they visit, they are welcomed and

received graciously with food and liquor before they leave.

In this ritual, deities visit at the beginning of the year; they bless people and bring good

fortune to the region.

Noto no Amamehagi (Amamehagi of Noto)

Geographical location: Wajima City and Nota Town, lshikawa Prefecture

Date of designation: 3 February 1979

Preservation association(s): Association . for the Preservation of Nota Amamehagi

Mensamanento

Description:

Nota no Amamehagi is a ritual performed on New Year's or Setsubun (the day before

spring begins, traditionally on February 3) that is transmitted in Wajima City and Nota Town of

lshikawa Prefecture. In this area, it is performed at night on specific dates during the New Year

(the 61h, the 141h, or the 201h, for example) or on Setsubun (February 3). On the day of the ritual,

deities called Amamehagi visit the lands of people and visit houses, blessing the new spring.

In some areas, these deities are known as Mensama.

Sitting around a traditional Japanese hearth can make one develop fire stains on the

hands or legs. These fire stains are known as amame in this region. They are understood to

be a sign of laziness and idleness. The name "Amamehagi" is said to come from the word

"amamehagi," which means "one who cuts off amame." They are said to have come to be

called "Amamehagi" because they punish the lazy. Young adults and children of each district

dress as Amamehagi. They wear different masks; there are tengu (long-nosed creature)

masks, hana-becha (flat-nose) masks, monkey masks, or masks of faces of men or women.

Amahage hold fake knives in their hands and visit houses, shouting "Amame" and asking if

there are people who have developed amame, people who are lazy, or bad people. They

admonish those who have been lazy and instruct those in the house on proper behavior

before leaving.

This ritual involves deities who visit at the beginning of the year or the beginning of spring;


these deities bless people and ward off misfortune in the region.

Miyakojima no Paantou (Paantou of Miyakojima)

Geographical location: Miyakojima City, Okinawa Prefecture

Date of designation: 13 December 1993

Preservation association(s): Shimajiri Self-governing Association, Nobaru Association

Description:

Miyakojima no Paantou is a ritual performed during the beginnings or ends of seasons

and transmitted in the island of Miyakojima in Miyakojima City, Okinawa Prefecture. Every year,

it is performed in early September of the old Japanese calendar in Shimajiri and on the last

Day of the Ox in December of the old Japanese calendar inNobaru. On the day of the ritual,

outlandish deities called Paantou walk around warding off misfortune for the people and the

region. The word "Paantou" means "ghost" or "frightening deity," and these Paantou are

thought to come from beyond the sea.

In Shimajiri, young people and boys are the ones who dress as Paantou. They wrap vines

(Derris trifoliata Lout) around their bodies and smear mud all over on top. On their heads, they

wear a single strand of braided Japanese silver grass called maata. In one hand, they hold a

cane; in the other, they hold a mask to hide their face. They then visit houses and walk through

the community, smearing mud on anyone they meet. In particular, newly-built houses and

houses with newborn babies welcome them as deities who bring good luck.

In Nobaru, on the other hand, housewives from all households and boys in the higher

grades of elementary school participate and perform the ritual. One boy wears a mask and the

other boys join in the procession without dressing up. Two of these latter boys blow on conch

shells and one beats a small drum and leads the procession. The housewives follow in double

file. The procession moves from a sacred square to intersections within the community, visiting

newly-built houses and praying and purifying places as it moves along.

This ritual involves deities who visit during the beginnings or ends of autumn or winter, and

ward off disasters for the region and for people, bringing happiness.

Yuza no Koshogatsu Gyoji (Little New Year rituals of Yuza)

Geographical location: Yuza Town, Yamagata Prefecture


Preservation association(s): Association for the Preservation of Yuza Amahage


Description:

Yuza no Koshogatsu Gyoji is a ritual performed on New Year's that is transmitted in Yuza

Town of Yamagata Prefecture. In this area, deities called Amahage are said to visit the lands

of people on the nights of specific days during the New Year (such as the Pt, the 3ro, or the

61h). Amahage visit houses and celebrate the New Year.

People who sit and warm themselves for too long at a traditional Japanese hearth develop

hidako (fire stains). These fire stains are called amage in this region, and they are understood

to be a sign of one who is lazy and does nothing. The name "Amahage" is said to have

originated from "Amage-hagi," which means one who cuts off amage. Amahage came to be

called "Amahage" because they would admonish the lazy. Amahage wear the masks of red oni

(ogres) or blue oni and wrap around themselves many layers of a woven straw garment called

kendan. Young people are the ones who dress as Amahage. In many cases, a taiko drummer

and several Amahage travel as a group. When they enter a house, they exchange New Year's

greetings with the head of the household and then, rocking from side to side while making loud

noises, act menacingly toward the children, daughters, and young wives and husbands. They

stop with a signal from the drum's beat. They are then received with liquor and a meal and

exchange mochi (pounded rice cakes) with members of the household.

In this ritual, deities visit at the beginning of the year, bring blessings to people, and ensure

bountiful harvests in the region by, for example, giving mochi.

Yonekawa no Mizukaburi ,(Mizukaburi . of Yonekawa)

Geographical location: Tome City, Miyagi Prefecture


Preservation association(s): Association for the Preservation of Yonekawa no Mizukaburi

Description:

The Yonekawa no Mizukaburi ritual is a ritual performed annually on the first Day of the

Horse in February that has been transmitted in Tome City, Miyagi Prefecture. In this city,

outlandishly-dressed people wearing straw capes and masks throw water on the houses along

the road while praying to prevent fires, then visit shrines and temples.

Young people and those who are facing yakudoshi (unlucky years) gather in a specific

house called yado. They use straw to begin creating cape-like garments to wear and bract

shaped objects to put on their heads. These garments are called oshime. Once the oshime

are created, the people put on the oshime and use ink to smear their faces black. They then

form a line and head to temples or shrines. On the way, they splash water that each household


has prepared onto the roof of each house as they run by. When the line of Mizukaburi pass,

people rush to strip the straw from the oshime and place the straw on the roof of their house.

This is said to prevent fires and ward off evil.

Mishima no Kasedori 1lKasedori of Mishima)

Geographical location: Saga City, Saga Prefecture


Preservation association(s): Association for the Preservation of Kasedori

Description:

Mishima no Kasedori is a ritual transmitted in Saga City of Saga Prefecture that is

performed in the beginning of spring. The current date of the ritual in this area is the second

Saturday of February, but the ritual used to be performed on Little New Year's (January 14)

based on the old Japanese calendar. On the night of this ritual day, Kasedori that are thought

to be servants of deities visit houses and bless the new year.

Young people dress as Kasedori. Since Kasedori are thought to be a male and female

pair, two people travel together. They wear straw capes around themselves. They wrap a white

tenugui cloth around their heads so that only their eyes, noses, and mouths are showing and

wear a hat on top of the cloth. They also each hold a fresh bamboo pole about two meters

long; the bottom halves of these poles have been split along the fiber into smaller sections. By

slamming these long poles down on the floor, Kasedori make clattering sounds. Kasedori walk

the roads at night in the dark dragging the bamboo poles. When they enter the premises of a

house, they sprint up to the house while holding the split ends of the poles to the ground. They

go up to the piece of wood in the entranceway or the reception room and noisily bang their

poles on the ground for some time. Afterwards, when it is suitable, the people of the house

serve the Kasedori with liquor or tea. The Kasedori then bang their bamboo poles once again

and then leave.

This ritual involves servants of deities who visit during the beginning of spring and bring

people blessings. The ritual also wards off evil spirits and prays for the safety of the household

and a bountiful harvest in the new year.

Yoshihama no Suneka (Suneka of Yoshihamf!l

Geographical location: Ofunato City, lwate Prefecture

The Inventory of ICH in Japan <extract> · The English translation · 5 ·


Preservation association(s): Association for the Preservation of Yoshihama Suneka

Description:

Yoshihama no Suneka is a ritual that is transmitted and performed during New Year's in

Ofunato City in lwate Prefecture. On the night of Little New Year (January 15) in this city, deities

called Suneka are said to visit the human world from the mountains. They visit houses and

bless the coming spring.

When one sits too long near a traditional Japanese hearth, one develops fire stains on the

shins or other areas of the body. In this area, these fire stains are understood to be a sign of

laziness. The word Suneka is said to have originated from sunekawa-taguri, which means to

strip the skin of the shin. In other words, the Suneka are called Suneka because they punish

the lazy. Men are the ones who dress as Suneka. Their masks show a bizarre creature that is

neither ogre nor horse and they wear straw capes or furs. Each Suneka shoulders a bale of

rice and holds a fake knife called kiriha. Many abalone shells dangle from their waists; since

these shells make a clacking sound, the people in houses can hear the Suneka approaching.

When the Suneka enter the lawn of each house, they shake the doors and rake them with their

fingernails . They then enter the house and put their feet on the piece of wood in the

entranceway or sit in the reception room and raise their knives in a threatening manner. As the

children cry and wail or try to escape, the Suneka loudly ask the people in the house if there

are any kabaneyami, or lazy ones, there or if there are warashi (children) who cry or don't

listen. After a while, the people of the house tell the Suneka that there are no lazy people or

children who cry and ask the Suneka to leave after promising them mochi, or pounded rice

cakes.

In this ritual, deities visit during the beginning of the year, herald the coming of spring, bring

many bounties as well as admonish the lazy and children who cry.

Satsuma-ioujima no Mendon [Mendon of Satsuma-ioujima~

Geographical location: Mishima Village, Kagoshima Prefecture

Date of designation: 3 March, 2017

Preservation association(s) : Association for the Preservation of loujima Hassaku-taiko

Dancing

Description:

Satsuma-ioujima no Mendon is a ritual performed on the days seasons change and


transmitted in the island of loujima in Mishima Village, Kagoshima Prefecture. Every year, on

the day of the ritual (August 1 and 2 of the old Japanese calendar), deities called Mendon

appear and drive away evil from the region and from people.

Young people and children dress as Mendon. They wear straw around themselves and

put over their heads strange-looking masks created by sticking paper on baskets called tego.

They hold branches and leaves called subbe in their hands. As young people form a circle

and dance while beating taiko drums at the shrine in the evening, one Mendon comes running

from inside the haiden (prayer hall) and circles thrice around the dancers, then leaves. Once

this is done, Mendon after Mendon come running out and begin playing tricks on people

disrupting the dancers and wading into the audience who are enjoying food and drinks. They

hit people with the leaves and branches they hold; being hit by these leaves and branches is

said to be good, as it drives away evil. In this way, the Mendon enter and leave the shrine and

run around busily. Even after the dancing is over, the Mendon appear in many places during

the night and wander around.

In this ritual, deities visit on days when seasons change during the summer and autumn

and ward off disasters for the region and its people, bringing good fortune.

Akusekiiima no Boze ('Boze of Akuseki jimal

Geographical location: Toshima Village, Kagoshima Prefecture

Date of designation: 3 March, 2017

Preservation association(s): Association for the Preservation of Bon Festival dances in

Akusekijima

Description:

Akusekijima no Boze is a ritual transmitted in the island of Akusekijima in Toshima Village,

Kagoshima Prefecture and performed on days when seasons change. Every year, on July 16

of the old Japanese calendar (the last day of the Bon season), deities called Boze appear and

drive away evil from the region and from its people.

Three young people dress as Boze. They wear masks smeared with red soil and ink, wrap

fountain palm leaves around their bodies, and put windmill palm leaf sheath fiber and dwarf

sugar palm leaves on their hands and feet. Each Boze holds a long stick. On the evening of

the ritual, Boze are guided by the sound of yobi-daiko (calling drums) and appear in a space

where people are gathered for Bon dancing. Boze chase the audience, trying to smear red

mud that is on the tip of the stick on them. Those who have this mud smeared on them are

said to have received protection from evil spirits; in particular, women are said to be blessed


with children. After the Boze have made a commotion for a while, the rhythm of the drums

slows. The Boze then begin to sway and dance, then abruptly act wildly again before leaving.

In this ritual, deities visit on days at the beginnings or ends of summer and autumn, protect

the region and its people from disasters, and bring good fortune .


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