Rethinking Lithium Energy Storage and Battery Architecture
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Rethinking Lithium Energy Storage and Battery Architecture
Roland Pitts
Founding Scientist
Planar Energy Devices
Orlando, FL 32805
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Compare specific and power
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Solid-state batteries change the game in energy storage
Eliminate liquid electrolytes, fillers, and binders
Allows safe use of high energy electrodes
Achieves 2X energy density and specific energy
Reduce cost by new process technology
New batteries in market near term (2-3 y)
Revolutionary concepts in the future (10-20 y)
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Process innovation yields cost reduction
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Why are battery improvements important?
Increase human mobility and connectivity
Safety, emergency and back-up power
Provide strategic energy sources
Improve energy efficiency (transportation)
Provide increased stability for the electric grid
Shift delivery time for renewable energy
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What is the state of the art?
During use (discharge)ions move from anode to cathode
Figure courtesy C. Daniel JOM Vol. 60, No.9 pp. 43-48, 2008
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Progress in Li-ion has been slow
Progress has historically followed an evolutionary route, single component improvement
Chemistries limited
Cycle life and shelf life limited
Safety of current batteries must be managed by external devices (Battery Management System)
Cost too high for many applications
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How can we break this paradigm?
Revise the battery architecture
Eliminate inactive materials
Eliminate the polymer separator
Eliminate reactive materials and replace with stable, high performance materials
Engineer material interfaces to minimize resistance and promote ion transfer
Change fabrication process technology
Do it all at the same time
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What are short and long term implications of this strategy?
Expect 2X improvement in energy density, specific energy, and cycle life in 2-3 years
Side benefits of much improved safety and 50% reduction in cost to manufacture per kWh
Leads to a 4X reduction in cost of energy storage
In the 10-20 year horizon, look for 4 − 5 X improvement in energy density, specific energy, and cycle life
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How can this be done? (2-3 y)
Change in architecture to solid-state batteries greatly improves battery performanceFirst step is a hybrid, solid-state anode and
separator with minimal liquid electrolyte (prototypes in test)
Second step is migration to full solid-state architecture
Change in process technology reduces cost.Modified chemical bath deposition efficiently
produces active layers of the battery in single steps, enabling roll-to-roll processing
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What is the process innovation?
Use a modified chemical bath deposition technique to grow all active layers from primary chemicals
Grow semiconductor quality films, layer by layer, rapidly, and with great control of the chemistry
Films are conformal and pinhole free
Some rapid thermal processing required
Process designed for roll-to-roll fabrication.
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What is the process now?
VP SP Gen 0 - 2009
VP SP Gen 3 – Q4 2010
VP SP Gen 1 – Q1 2010
VP SP Gen 2 – Q3 2010
Process Development
Batch Pilot
In LineScalable Batch
Pilot
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What do the films look like?
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What will it look like in the future?
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Where are we in 2-3 years?Li batteries with 2X specific energy, energy
density, and cycle life
Much improved safety, 50% reduction in cost, moving toward longer cycle life (10X)
What else in 10-20 years?
Li-air, Li-S, Zn-air, Mg-ion
Another leap of 2X in specific energy, energy density
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Comparisons
Courtesy: Dave DanielsonDOE (ARPA –E)
Specific Energy (Wh/kg)
Theoretical Max
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Courtesy: Dave DanielsonDOE (ARPA –E)
Factor engine and gas weight and Carnot efficiency
Specific Energy (Wh/kg)
Comparisons at vehicle systems level
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FACT: Batteries have the potential to rival the energy density of gasoline powered vehicles on a system level
Courtesy: Dave DanielsonDOE (ARPA –E)
Specific Energy (Wh/kg)
Batteries have the potential to rival the energy density of gasoline powered vehicles on a system level
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Thank You!
Contact:
Roland PittsPlanar Energy, Inc.653 W Michigan StOrlando, FL 32805
407-459-1442 (direct)[email protected]