Building Occupancy Building Occupancy Resumption ProgramResumption Program

presented by Zan Turner

Managing Risk in Earthquake Country

April 17-21, 2006

BORP

Loma Loma Prieta Prieta Earthquake Earthquake

19891989

Building Department PostBuilding Department Post--Earthquake Inspection PrioritiesEarthquake Inspection Priorities

Critical Critical facilitiesfacilities

Collapse Collapse hazardshazards

City owned City owned buildingsbuildings

City PostCity Post--disaster disaster ConditionsConditions

Damage or destruction of facilitiesDamage or destruction of facilitiesLack of access to records and materialsLack of access to records and materialsLoss of personnelLoss of personnelFailure of communication systemsFailure of communication systems

After an earthquake or other major disaster, After an earthquake or other major disaster, a local jurisdiction may suffer from:a local jurisdiction may suffer from:

Mutual Aid Mutual Aid AgreementsAgreements

Structural Engineers Association (SEAONC)Structural Engineers Association (SEAONC)American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)American Institute of Architects (AIA)American Institute of Architects (AIA)CALBO (California Building Officials)CALBO (California Building Officials)Construction Inspectors Association (CIA)Construction Inspectors Association (CIA)

The California Office of Emergency Services The California Office of Emergency Services has agreements with these organizations to has agreements with these organizations to provide postprovide post--earthquake safety evaluation:earthquake safety evaluation:

Mutual Aid LimitationsMutual Aid Limitations

Knowledge of local code requirementsKnowledge of local code requirementsFamiliarity with area building typesFamiliarity with area building typesInformation about specific building conditionsInformation about specific building conditionsAwareness of local cultural situationsAwareness of local cultural situationsExpertise in certain structural systemsExpertise in certain structural systemsExperience with postExperience with post--earthquake assessmentearthquake assessmentSufficient numbers to meet widespread needsSufficient numbers to meet widespread needs

Mutual aid inspectors are generally sent Mutual aid inspectors are generally sent from other parts of California and may lack:from other parts of California and may lack:

ATC 20ATC 20In 1989, the ATC 20 In 1989, the ATC 20 postpost--earthquake building earthquake building inspection standard was inspection standard was released and a few area released and a few area inspectors were trained in inspectors were trained in its procedures. ATC 20 its procedures. ATC 20 was also used to assess was also used to assess building damage after building damage after other disasters including other disasters including the World Trade Centerthe World Trade Center

ATC 20 ATC 20 Inspection Inspection

After Loma After Loma PrietaPrieta, local , local inspectors and Mutual inspectors and Mutual Aid volunteers Aid volunteers performed rapid safety performed rapid safety assessments of assessments of buildings using the ATC buildings using the ATC 20 procedure, reporting 20 procedure, reporting their findings on this their findings on this inspection form.inspection form.

Buildings were Buildings were inspected in inspected in accordance with accordance with ATCATC--20 20 procedures and procedures and posted with one posted with one of the following of the following placards:placards:

ATC 20 PlacardsATC 20 Placards

Reclassification ProcessReclassification Process

Hire engineer to prepare drawingsHire engineer to prepare drawingsEmploy contractor for workEmploy contractor for workApply for building permitApply for building permitComplete damage repairsComplete damage repairsObtain required construction inspectionsObtain required construction inspectionsSubmit engineer’s letter to building dept.Submit engineer’s letter to building dept.Receive permission to reoccupy buildingReceive permission to reoccupy building

Buildings posted ‘Restricted’ or ‘Unsafe’:Buildings posted ‘Restricted’ or ‘Unsafe’:

Reclassification DifficultiesReclassification Difficulties

Reclassification process was slowReclassification process was slow

Engineers were busy with other Engineers were busy with other clients or with personal recoveryclients or with personal recovery

Building department was overwhelmedBuilding department was overwhelmed

Average time to engage a structural engineer Average time to engage a structural engineer after the Lomaafter the Loma PrietaPrieta quake was three weeksquake was three weeks

Public/Private PartnershipPublic/Private Partnership

Building Owners & Managers Assn.Building Owners & Managers Assn.

American Institute of ArchitectsAmerican Institute of Architects

Structural Engineers AssociationStructural Engineers Association

SF Dept. of Building InspectionSF Dept. of Building Inspection

Building owners wanted Building owners wanted engineers to certify engineers to certify whether or not buildings whether or not buildings were safe to occupy.were safe to occupy.

Engineers refused to certify safe Engineers refused to certify safe occupancy based solely on an occupancy based solely on an ATC 20 Rapid Evaluation.ATC 20 Rapid Evaluation.

The DichotomyThe Dichotomy

Search for SolutionsSearch for Solutions

Volunteer inspector approach was Volunteer inspector approach was replaced with employment of paid engineersreplaced with employment of paid engineersLife safety system and elevator inspectors were Life safety system and elevator inspectors were added for applicable buildingsadded for applicable buildingsThe program was expanded beyond commercial The program was expanded beyond commercial buildings to include residential propertiesbuildings to include residential propertiesSEAONC Disaster Emergency Services Committee SEAONC Disaster Emergency Services Committee was enlisted to help with submittal reviewwas enlisted to help with submittal reviewBuilding dept. was committed to support program Building dept. was committed to support program by deputizing engineers and supplying placards by deputizing engineers and supplying placards

Building Occupancy Building Occupancy Resumption ProgramResumption Program

Allows building owners Allows building owners to employ engineers to preto employ engineers to pre--certify certify private postprivate post--earthquake inspection earthquake inspection of their buildings by qualified of their buildings by qualified engineers based upon an approved engineers based upon an approved written inspection planwritten inspection plan

BORP ProceduresBORP Procedures

Evaluate building(s)Evaluate building(s)

Select inspection team Select inspection team

Develop inspection planDevelop inspection plan

Obtain program approvalObtain program approval

Update annuallyUpdate annually

Owner/Tenant Owner/Tenant ParticipationParticipation

Building owner may Building owner may initiate involvementinitiate involvement

Tenant may obtain Tenant may obtain owner approvalowner approval

Tenant may include requirement for Tenant may include requirement for participation in lease agreementsparticipation in lease agreements

BuildingBuildingEvaluationEvaluation

Consider underlying Consider underlying soil conditionssoil conditionsAssess building Assess building use and occupancyuse and occupancyDetermine age and type of constructionDetermine age and type of constructionObtain construction/remodel drawingsObtain construction/remodel drawingsEmploy engineers for inspection planEmploy engineers for inspection plan

InspectionInspectionTeamTeam

Engineer as lead structural inspectorEngineer as lead structural inspectorArchitect for architectural detailsArchitect for architectural detailsLife/safety system inspector, if applicableLife/safety system inspector, if applicableElevator inspector, if applicableElevator inspector, if applicable

Team members: Team members: at least two for at least two for each positioneach position

Structural Inspector Structural Inspector Requirements Requirements –– SF BORPSF BORP

Current CA license as Current CA license as engineer or architectengineer or architectRelevant experience Relevant experience with building type/size with building type/size ATC 20 proficiency and readinessATC 20 proficiency and readinessBORP Inspection Plan familiarityBORP Inspection Plan familiarityAcknowledgement of DBI Acknowledgement of DBI deputizationdeputizationParticipation in DBI update seminarsParticipation in DBI update seminars

Life Safety System & Life Safety System & Elevator InspectorsElevator Inspectors

Firm is familiar with the Firm is familiar with the buildingbuilding’’s equipment, s equipment, installation, and operationinstallation, and operationInspectors are authorized Inspectors are authorized by the building ownerby the building ownerInspectorsInspectors will report findings will report findings to the structural inspectorto the structural inspector

Inspector Authorization/Inspector Authorization/DeputizationDeputization FormForm

Signifies agreement with Signifies agreement with BORP requirementsBORP requirements

Signed by each Signed by each emergency inspectoremergency inspector

Accepted by building departmentAccepted by building department

Displayed for entry to restricted areasDisplayed for entry to restricted areas

Written PlanWritten PlanList of qualified inspectorsList of qualified inspectors

Building descriptionBuilding description

Emergency response informationEmergency response information

Inspection planInspection plan

List and location of documents, List and location of documents, equipment, and suppliesequipment, and supplies

Placement of accelerometers, if applicablePlacement of accelerometers, if applicable

Building DescriptionBuilding Description

Age, number stories, sq. ft., materialsAge, number stories, sq. ft., materialsEstimated current $ valuation (for FEMA)Estimated current $ valuation (for FEMA)Number of main building entrancesNumber of main building entrancesList of building uses (offices, apts., etc.)List of building uses (offices, apts., etc.)Description of systems Description of systems –– structural, lifestructural, life--safety, fire detection & suppressionsafety, fire detection & suppressionDescription/location of falling hazardsDescription/location of falling hazardsLocation/disposition of hazardous material Location/disposition of hazardous material

Emergency Emergency Response Response

InformationInformation

Activation triggerActivation trigger

Access proceduresAccess procedures

Location of equipment and suppliesLocation of equipment and supplies

Location of Emergency Inspection Plan Location of Emergency Inspection Plan and onand on--site drawingssite drawings

Detailed Inspection Detailed Inspection InstructionsInstructions

Where to lookWhere to lookWhat to look forWhat to look forHow to obtain access to inspection areasHow to obtain access to inspection areasHow to inspect specific structural and How to inspect specific structural and nonnon--structural elementsstructural elementsHow to interpret damageHow to interpret damageHow/what to inspect following aftershocksHow/what to inspect following aftershocks

Location of Location of Inspection SuppliesInspection Supplies

Emergency inspection planEmergency inspection planConstruction or asConstruction or as--built drawingsbuilt drawingsPersonal safety equipmentPersonal safety equipmentInspection equipmentInspection equipmentATCATC--20 Detailed Evaluation forms20 Detailed Evaluation formsWalkieWalkie--talkies or other communicationtalkies or other communicationOfficial red, yellow, and green placardsOfficial red, yellow, and green placards

SimplicitySimplicityis the keyis the key

Minimum standard: Minimum standard: ATC 20 Detailed ATC 20 Detailed

EvaluationEvaluation

Inspection Inspection PlanPlan

Approval Approval ProcessProcess

SEAONC Disaster Emergency Services CommitteeBORP Subcommittee

Verify inspectorsVerify inspectors

Review planReview plan

Clarify detailsClarify details

Approve planApprove plan

Certify buildingCertify building

AIAAIA

BOMABOMA

SEAONCSEAONC

SF DBISF DBI

This is to certify that the building at100 Barbary Coast

San Francisco, Californiahas been accepted into the Department of Building Inspection

Building Occupancy Resumption ProgramAfter declaration of an emergency following an earthquake or other major disaster, this building will be inspected within 8 daylight hoursby inspectors approved by the Department of Building Inspection and will be posted with official placards stating the building’s condition inaccordance with ATC 20 Postearthquake Detailed Evaluation Procedure

Signed by Approval Date: [Building Official Signature] (Annual Renewal Required)

Building CertificateBuilding Certificate

Inspection personnel or contact infoInspection personnel or contact infoBuilding Building -- for renovation or remodelingfor renovation or remodelingInspection plan Inspection plan -- to reflect changes to reflect changes

Submit oneSubmit one--page form if no page form if no changes. Supply additional changes. Supply additional information for any changes that have information for any changes that have been made to the:been made to the:

Annual RenewalAnnual Renewal

Implementation: Implementation: San Francisco BORPSan Francisco BORP

Activate within 8 daylight Activate within 8 daylight hours of declared emergencyhours of declared emergencyContact DBI re shoring/demolition issuesContact DBI re shoring/demolition issuesNotify DPW regarding barricade needsNotify DPW regarding barricade needsComplete Detailed Evaluation & send Complete Detailed Evaluation & send report to DBI within 72 hoursreport to DBI within 72 hoursPost building(s) green, yellow, or redPost building(s) green, yellow, or redMitigate nonMitigate non--structural hazardsstructural hazards

Jurisdiction VerificationJurisdiction Verification

The building has been redThe building has been red--taggedtagged

A lifeA life--safety hazard has been reportedsafety hazard has been reported

Building owners, tenants, agencies, Building owners, tenants, agencies, or members of the public have or members of the public have expressed concernsexpressed concerns

DBI may inspect a building in the Building DBI may inspect a building in the Building Occupancy Resumption Program when:Occupancy Resumption Program when:

Cost FactorsCost Factors

Engineer familiarityEngineer familiarityBuilding complexityBuilding complexityBuilding sizeBuilding sizeDrawing availabilityDrawing availabilityInspection plan detailInspection plan detail

$$Average BORP planAverage BORP plan

cost forcost formajor SF buildingmajor SF building

$8,900$8,900

Major Cost BenefitMajor Cost Benefit

For less than one day’s income For less than one day’s income from most buildings, many from most buildings, many days or weeks of delay can be days or weeks of delay can be averted by speedy averted by speedy reoccupancyreoccupancyor rapid initiation of repairsor rapid initiation of repairs

Without a plan...Without a plan...

Loss of productivity Loss of productivity and/or revenueand/or revenueDisplacement of Displacement of employees/tenantsemployees/tenantsDelay in building Delay in building rere--occupancyoccupancyDecline in client Decline in client confidenceconfidence

PostPost--earthquake earthquake DeficienciesDeficiencies

Engineer and Engineer and contractor availabilitycontractor availabilityCompetitive bidding Competitive bidding opportunitiesopportunitiesMaterial and Material and equipment suppliesequipment suppliesInspection responseInspection responseApproval timingApproval timing

BORP GuidelinesBORP Guidelines

Written guidelines are available to help in preparing a BORP plan and owner agreement

BORP onBORP onthe Internetthe Internet

Download the program Download the program and other related info and other related info from from sfgovsfgov.org, Building Inspection, .org, Building Inspection, Earthquake Preparedness, BORP.Earthquake Preparedness, BORP.

Obtain ATC 20 documents from the Applied Obtain ATC 20 documents from the Applied Technology Council, 555 Twin Dolphin Drive, Technology Council, 555 Twin Dolphin Drive, Redwood City, CA 94065; 650Redwood City, CA 94065; 650--595595--1542; 1542; http://www.http://www.atcouncilatcouncil.org.org

If there’s no program If there’s no program where you want it…where you want it…

Inform Inform building owners building owners

Urge advocacy Urge advocacy of elected officialsof elected officials

Support building Support building department effortsdepartment efforts

Identify development resourcesIdentify development resources

Jurisdiction StepsJurisdiction StepsAdapt BORP for local Adapt BORP for local jurisdiction needsjurisdiction needsAssign staff to administer program Assign staff to administer program Recruit local engineers for review committeeRecruit local engineers for review committeeSolicit submittals from building ownersSolicit submittals from building ownersReview and approve complying submittalsReview and approve complying submittalsSupply posting placards & building certificatesSupply posting placards & building certificatesMaintain list of preMaintain list of pre--approved buildings approved buildings Review and approve complying renewalsReview and approve complying renewals

Resources Needed:Resources Needed:Building Department: Approx. 5% of 1 FTE Building Department: Approx. 5% of 1 FTE

program development/revision program development/revision maintenance/renewalsmaintenance/renewalsmeetings/training/orientationmeetings/training/orientationcertification/official placardscertification/official placards

Structural engineers associationStructural engineers associationprogram development/revisionprogram development/revisionbuildingbuilding--specific inspection plan reviewspecific inspection plan review

Building owner and architect organizationsBuilding owner and architect organizationsprogram development/revisionprogram development/revision

Emphasize BenefitsEmphasize Benefits

Assure prompt postAssure prompt post--earthquake inspectionearthquake inspection

Avoid unnecessary Avoid unnecessary building evacuationbuilding evacuation

Inspire employee, Inspire employee, tenant, and client tenant, and client confidenceconfidence

Overcome Overcome ResistanceResistance

Infrequency of earthquakesInfrequency of earthquakes

Demands of other prioritiesDemands of other priorities

Limitation of fundsLimitation of funds

Lack of clear understandingLack of clear understanding

Alternative ApproachesAlternative Approaches

Letter of understanding with Letter of understanding with building ownersbuilding owners

List of engineers assigned List of engineers assigned for specific buildingsfor specific buildings

BuildingBuilding--specific plans submitted to specific plans submitted to jurisdiction for review and/or filejurisdiction for review and/or file

Phone calls to report inspection results Phone calls to report inspection results and get verbal okay to occupy buildingand get verbal okay to occupy building

Building Occupancy Resumption Program Building Occupancy Resumption Program Approved Buildings Approved Buildings –– San FranciscoSan Francisco

801 Montgomery St801 Montgomery St140 New Montgomery140 New Montgomery200 Paul St, Bldg D200 Paul St, Bldg D200 Paul St, Bldg F200 Paul St, Bldg F100 Pine St100 Pine St555 Pine St555 Pine St2345 Pine St2345 Pine St1 Post St1 Post St50 Post St50 Post St251 Post St251 Post St475 475 Sansome Sansome StSt60 Spear St60 Spear St1930 Steiner St1930 Steiner St121 121 SteuartSteuart StSt370 Third St370 Third St100 Van Ness Av100 Van Ness Av150 Van Ness Av150 Van Ness Av470 West Portal470 West Portal[Revised 02[Revised 02--0909--06]06]

50 Main St 50 Main St 211 Main St211 Main St365 Main St365 Main St1 Maritime Plaza1 Maritime Plaza1 Market St1 Market St101 Market St101 Market St215 Market St215 Market St245 Market St245 Market St720 Market St720 Market St740 Market St740 Market St901 Market St901 Market St201 Mission St201 Mission St44 Montgomery St44 Montgomery St120 Montgomery St120 Montgomery St220 Montgomery St220 Montgomery St235 Montgomery St235 Montgomery St400 Montgomery St400 Montgomery St408 Montgomery St408 Montgomery St417 Montgomery St 417 Montgomery St 600 Montgomery St600 Montgomery St

3 Embarcadero3 Embarcadero4 Embarcadero4 Embarcadero188 Embarcadero188 Embarcadero2 Folsom St2 Folsom St611 Folsom St611 Folsom St666 Folsom St666 Folsom St2225 Folsom St2225 Folsom St2270 Folsom St2270 Folsom St55 Fourth St55 Fourth St45 Fremont St45 Fremont St50 Fremont St50 Fremont St55 Green St55 Green St1 Harrison St1 Harrison St2180 Harrison St2180 Harrison St150 Hayes St150 Hayes St155 Hayes St155 Hayes St75 Howard St75 Howard St301 Howard St301 Howard St155 Jackson St155 Jackson St120 Kearny St120 Kearny St

275 Battery St275 Battery St301 Battery St301 Battery St550 Battery St550 Battery St45 Beale St45 Beale St50 Beale St50 Beale St77 Beale St77 Beale St225 Bush St225 Bush St430 Bush St430 Bush St150 California St150 California St201 California St201 California St345 California St345 California St580 California St580 California St650 California St650 California St405 Davis Ct405 Davis Ct440 Davis Ct440 Davis Ct1635 1635 Divisadero Divisadero StSt**

25 25 EckerEcker SqSq1 Embarcadero1 Embarcadero2 Embarcadero2 Embarcadero

No. CA BORP ProgramsNo. CA BORP Programs

City of BerkeleyCity of BerkeleyCity of ConcordCity of ConcordCity of CupertinoCity of CupertinoCity of EmeryvilleCity of EmeryvilleCity of FremontCity of FremontCity of Mountain ViewCity of Mountain View

City of OaklandCity of OaklandCity of Palo AltoCity of Palo AltoCity of San JoseCity of San JoseCity of Santa ClaraCity of Santa ClaraStanford UniversityStanford UniversityUC BerkeleyUC Berkeley

A survey by the Association of Bay Area A survey by the Association of Bay Area Governments shows that these jurisdictions Governments shows that these jurisdictions have developed or proposed similar programs:have developed or proposed similar programs:

BORP in Other StatesBORP in Other States

New York City, NYNew York City, NYSeattle, WASeattle, WAAnchorage, AKAnchorage, AK

Cities working to develop building Cities working to develop building occupancy resumption programs in occupancy resumption programs in other states include:other states include:

Federal Emergency Federal Emergency Management Association Management Association (FEMA) (FEMA) Compendium of Exemplary Compendium of Exemplary Practices in Emergency ManagementPractices in Emergency ManagementWestern States Seismic Policy Council Western States Seismic Policy Council (WSSPC) 1996 (WSSPC) 1996 Award for InnovationAward for InnovationCalifornia Emergency Services Association California Emergency Services Association (CESA) (CESA) Silver AwardSilver AwardEarthquake Engineering Research Institute Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI) (EERI) Best Practices Best Practices -- GovernmentGovernment

BORP RecognitionBORP Recognition

Any QuestionsAny Questions

Thanks!Thanks!

Zan TurnerNo. CA Chapter