REP c R T RESUMESED 016 399 56A CLOSED- CIRCUIT DATA BROADCAST SYSTEM.BY GEDDES, L.A. AND OTHERSREPORT NUMBER NDEk.VIIA074EDRS PRICE MF.40.25 HC -$0.68 15P.

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DESCRIPTORS.. *CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION, *MEDICAL STUDENTS,*LABORATORY TECHNIQUES, *DEMONSTRATIONS (EDUCATIONAL),PHYSIOLOGY

THIS PAPER DESCRIBES A CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION SYSTEMUSED FOR LECTURES AND LABORATORY DEMONSTRATIONS IN MEDICALPHYSIOLOGY FOR FIRST YEAR MEDICAL STUDENTS. (LH)

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A CLOSED-CIRCUIT DATA BROADCAST SYSTEM * c)a R:

L. A. Geddes, H. E. Hoff and W. A. Spencer ** ;rx134 g

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In support of the teaching program in medical physiology at Baylor UniversityiR otZS

,111 sMedical College, a closed-circuit broadcast system has been developed. Television;!, g '31

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two-way audio signals and physiological data can be sent over the network which 'PNr,

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connects the department of physiology with various laboratories and institutions in

the Texas Medical Center. The extent of the system (January 1, 1963) is diagrammed

in figure 1. All stations in this network can originate or receive programs which are

in essekice BroQdcast Demonstrationi. The following is a brief summary of the system.

Descriptions of the individual stations can be found in the articles cited in the

bibliography.

Principally, the audience consists of first year medical students who are either

working in groups of four in their laboratories (fig. 2) or assembled in the main lecture

room (fig. 3). The equipment at each of the twenty stations in the student laboratory

consists of a three channel physiograph flush-mounted in the table top and a wall -

mounted console which houses the audio facilities (left), the telivision tube (right)

and the physiological data broadcast lines (center). To conduct laboratory experiments

the physiographs are connected to transducers which in turn are attached tc an experi-

mental animal on the table shown at the right of figure 2. To receive broadcast

demonstrations, the cables which are used to connect the transducers to the physiograph

channels are alternatively plugged into the jacks in the center of the console on the

* Supported in part by grants H 1757 and HTS 5125 of the Heart Institute, NationalInstitutes of Health, a teaching grant from the Commonwealth Foundation and fundsfrom the Title VII program of the Department of Health Education and Welfare.

From the departments of Physiology and Rehabilitation, Baylor Medical College,Houston, Texas.

**

wall. Thus, all channels of the twenty physiographs in the laboratory can be "sieved"

to the broadcast system.

The lecture room (fig. 3) accommodates 100 students and is also employed for

broadcast demonstration purposes. In this area are a ceiling-mounted projection

television (upper left) and a ceiling-mounted camera (upper right). A physiograph is

installed in a specially designed bench in front of the screen and blackboard.

To mix the signals fed to these two primary receiving areas, a master control

room was constructed (fig. 4). On the right of the console are the television switching

facilities, monitors, camera controls, a tuner and a synchronizing generator. In the

center is a muiti-channel oscilloscope surrounded by meters which monitor all incoming

lines.

The most frequently used studio is the Demonstration Room (fig. 5), which

acc 'mmodates 20 people . In it are installed two television cameras and monitors,

along with a physiograph flush-mounted in a cabinet. To the right of the cabinet is

the table for the experimental animal. One camera is used to monitor the record

while the other provides coverage of the experiment itself.

Under construction are seven graduate research laboratories which are due to be

completed by the middle of I963. Each laboratory (fig. 6) will house two investigators.

In these areas will be recording instruments appropriate for the research carried out in

them. All seven units will be connected to the master control room. Thus, all research

findings which are appropriate in the teaching program will be immediately available to

the students...

As they are routinely recorded, clinical electroencephalograms (EEG's) are also

utilized for teaching purposes. The EEG laboratory, (fig. 7) which uses standard

commercial instruments, is connected to the broadcast system. Any three of the eight

channels being recorded can be transmitted to the network thereby permitting each

student to obtain an original record from the patient under study without inconvenience

to the patient or the laboratory personnel. This particular feature has proven of special

value in teaching the principles of clinical electroancephalography to residents and

post-graduate fellows.

At the Texas Institute for Rehabilitation and Research one-half mile from the

medical school, cardio-respiratory and many other measurements are routinely made

on critically ill patients. The laboratory in which these investigations are carried out

is designated the Center for Vital Studies (fig. 8). Two television cameras cover the

patient and the instructor. Any three of the six channels of data can be transmitted to

the network for teaching purposes.

In the same institution, a patient monitoring system is being developed. The

basic components are almost identical with the equipment shown in the Mobile Station

illustrated in fig. 9. A feasibility study has demonstrated the practicality of transmitting

physiological data from the bedside to the student laboratories over a wire circuit, much

in excess of a half-mile in length.

Located approximately one-half mile away in another direction is the City-County

Hospital now nearing completion. In certain areas such as operating rooms, recovery

rooms and intensive care units, physiological data will be recorded. To these areas

ducts and conduit has been installed. When it becomes desirable to use this clinical

material for teaching purposes, cable will be installed to connect this institution to the

closed Circuit broadcast network.

It is frequently desirable to demonstrate a phenomenon or preview an experiment

before the assembled class. In most cases, viewing a record of physiological events as

11

they change during a period of a few seconds is of primary importance. When this is

desirable, the broadcast facilities in the main lecture room provide a means of permitting

all to experience the event as it occurs and analyze it at leisure with the instructor. This

is accomplished by recording directly from the experimental subject with the physiograph

built into the lecture room cabinet. This record is also transmitted to the demonstration

room where it is televised and rebroadcast back to the television projector in the lecture

room. Thus, all see a copy of the record that is being recorded in front of them. While

the phenomenon undergoes its change and is being discussed by the instructor, the original

record is sampled and thermofax projection transparencies are made. After the event

returns to control levels, the transparencies are projected and the recordings just witnessed

are analyzed for the data they contain.

E. E, G. demonstrations and those from the Texas Institute for Rehabilitation and

Research are often handled in the manner described above. The signals from the clinical

areas are broadcast to the demonstration room and then televised for viewing in the main

lecture room. They are also sent to the recorder in the same room where they are used to

make transparencies for subsequent study.

All data in the network are transmitted over wire. No microwave , carrier or

telemetry circuits are used. The number of conductors connecting all stations is shown

in fig. 9.

In concluding this brief report, the authors wish to point out that the system is

not employed to separate the medical student from the patient, rather the goal in its use

is tothring a variety of physiological events deranged by disease to the medical student

in his first year of study when courses rather than concepts are often paramount in the mind

of the student.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

GEDDES, L. A, The Physiograph: A new instrument for teaching physiology.Paper preserted at I.R.E. Convention in Medical Electronics, March 19, 1956.

I.R.E. Convention Record. 1956, Part 9:29-37.

HOFF,H, E., GEDDES, L.A. AND SPENCER, W.A. The Physiograph-- aninstrument in teaching Physiology. J.Med. Ed. 1957, 32:181-198.

HOFF, H.E., GEDDES, L.A. AND SPENCER, W.A. Instrumentation in medicaleducation. Instruments & Automation. 1957, 30:1712-1716.

HOFF, H.E., GEDDES, L.A., AND SPENCER, W.A. An environment.of learningin Physiology. A report to the supporters of the program. Annual ReportGrant H -1757, National Heart Instutute, National Institutes of Health, 1957.Library of Congress Card 158-29905.

GEDDES, L.A., SPENCER, W.A. AND HOFF, H.E. The "Broadcast Demonstration"in the Physiology Laboratory. J. Med. Ed. 1959,- 34: 107-117.

GEDDES, L.A., HOFF, H.E., AND SPENCER, W.A. The center for Vital Studies- -A new laboratory for the study of bodily functions, in man. iRE Transactions onBio-Medical Electronics. 1961, BME-8:33-45.

GEDDES , L.A., HOFF, H.E. AND SPENCER, W.A. Short Distance broadcastingof physiological data. IRE Transactions on Bio-Medical Electronics. 1961,BME-8:168-172.

HOFF, H.E., GEDDES, L.A. AND SPENCER, W.A., Biophysical instrumentationin the teaching of physiology. First International Congress Biophysics. Stockholm,Sweden, 1961. Abstracts of contributed papers, 282-3. July 31-Aug. 4.

GEDDES, L.A. The systems engineering approach to the design of instrumentation torecord physiological data. Interdisciplinary Clinic. Instrumentation forPsychophysiological Research. Lafayette Clinic. Detroit , May 16-17, 1961.New York 1961, FIER 335, 109 pp.

GEDDES, L.A., HOFF, H.E., SPENCER, W.A. AND VALLBONA, C. Acquisitionof physiological data at the bedside. Symposium on Recent Developments inResearch Methods and Instrumentation. National Institutes of Health. Washington,D.C., Oct. 9-12, 1961. American Joum. Med. Electron. 1962, Vol. 2:62-69.

GEDDES, L.A. Telemetery of Physiological Data by Wire. Interdisciplinary Conferenceon Use of Telemetery in Animal Behavior and Physiology. New York, 1962. Amer.Mus. Nat. Hist., March 28-29. In Slater, L. Bio-Telemetry. Oxford, England, 1963Pergamon Press, 372 pp.

FIGURE LEGEND

Fig. I Broadcast Demonstration Facilities

Fig. 2 Student Laboratory Station

Fig. 3 Lecture Room

Fig. 4 Master Control Room

. Fig. 5 Physiology Demonstration Room

Fig. 6 Graduate Laboratory

Fig. 7 E. E. G. Laboratory

Fig. 8 Center for Vital Studies at the Texas Institute for Rehabilitation andResearch

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