Results Real-Time Particulate Analysers

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Products available:Real-Time Particulate Analysers

APM 950Ambient particulate monitoring isattracting considerable attentionin todays environment as worldwide Air Quality Legislation comes into effect.

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F-701-20Beta Gauge ParticulateMonitor

A measuring device for the continuous monitoring of thesmallest concentration of particles in the ambient air (fine dust).

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Think environment. Think Casella.

LSPM10 AirbourneParticulate ContinuousMonitor and SamplerLSPM10 can be used as asequential sampler with up to 16membrane filters, being equippedwith a gravimetric unit.

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History GlossariesAir QualityApplicationsReference Gas AnalysersGravimetric Particulate AnalysersReal-Time Particulate AnalysersIndicative Multi-Gas AnalysersOdour MonitoringCalibrationSoftwareEnclosures

EmissionsApplicationsMulti-Gas Stack AnalysersMercury AnalysersSpecialist Analysers for:

Stack Emissions including MercuryVOCHydrocarbonBTEX

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Think environment. Think Casella.Tel: +44(0)1234 847799 Fax: +44(0)1234 841490 Email: [email protected]

Casella, Regent House, Wolseley Road, Kempston, Bedford, MK42 7JY, United Kingdom

APM 950Real Time Particulate Analyser




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Ambient particulate monitoring is attractingconsiderable attention in todays environmentas world wide Air Quality Legislation comesinto effect.

Major sources of particulate in our environment include industrial combustionand processing, energy generation, vehicleemissions and construction. The particulatematter created by these sources is responsible for many adverse environmentalconditions including reduced visibility, contamination and soiling, but is also recognised as a contributory factor to many respiratory medical conditions such as asthma, bronchitis and lung cancer.

PROVIDING AIR QUALITY DATA FOR LEGISLATIONThe health risks posed by particulate have ledto a size specific dust monitoring standard inboth the United States and Europe. Thesestandards generally measure the occupationalhealth, thoracic dust portion of airborne particulate, the nearest ambient equivalentbeing PM10 (particulate matter with meanaerodynamic diameter of













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APM950) such as wind speed and direction,temperature and relative humidity. These maybe particularly useful in environmental impactassessments. The APM can also be combined with an analyser for roadside pollution monitoring.

FEATURES Real-time and gravimetric measurement

Rapid response to changing concentrations

Analysis of filters for chemical compounds

Heated inlet to eliminate moisture

Low maintenance

APPLICATIONS Quantification of dust from industrial

emissions

Roadside monitoring

Boundary monitoring

Quarry monitoring

Monitoring of dust from construction and demolition

APPLICABLE STANDARDSISO 6879Air quality performance characteristics

Federal RegisterEPA 40 CFRNational Ambient Air Quality Standards forParticulate Matter

AMBIENT MONITORING SYSTEMSCasella CEL can supply, for hire or purchase,a variety of systems for ambient air qualitymonitoring based around the APM950.

These include roadside pollution monitorswhich can utilise stand alone PM10 units or becombined with NOx analysers. There are twobasic designs of enclosure:

TYPICAL CONTENTS Chemiluminescent NOx Analyser

Real-time/Gravimetric PM10 or PM2.5Options include wind speed and direction,GSM, radio or landline telemetry.

TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Provide evidence of compliance with the

United Kingdom National Air QualityStandards

IPPC Authorisations

Undertake boundary monitoring aroundmajor industries and developments

Validation of Stage 3 Road Traffic PollutionModelling

Monitoring of hot spots in Air QualityManagement Areas (AQMAs), Clear Zonesand Low Emission Zones (LEZs)

Design of Traffic Management Schemes For hire please contact Darwin Hire on 0161 888 7100

APM CASE STUDYA state-of-the-art real-time RoadsidePollution monitor developed by Casella CELGMSS has been purchased by CopelandBorough Council.

The compact unit - used for ambient air quality monitoring - has been permanentlypositioned outside Whitehaven Civic Hall tomonitor pollutants associated with vehicleemissions including oxides of nitrogen andparticulates (PM10s).

Councillor Geoff Blackwell, Portfolio Holder forDevelopment and Environment comments:Results show that pollution levels are belowEuropean Union threshold limits and this isgood news for our health. We also have theadded advantage of being able to keepabreast of any changes as our town getsbusier still.

The real-time Roadside Pollution Monitorincorporates a non-switching dual-chamberchemiluminescent NOx analyser and realtimeoptical PM10 analyser. Additional optionsinclude wind speed and direction, as well asGSM or landline telemetry.

The new kit has been developed by CasellaCEL GMSS for a number of applicationsincluding the validation of Stage 3 road trafficpollution modelling and the monitoring of hot spots in Air Quality Management Areas(AQMAS), clear zones and low emissionzones. It can also be used in the design oftraffic management schemes.

KEY ADVANTAGES Does not use electrochemical cells,

Technology is NETCEN tested

AUN compatible - can be called usingAirviro and other popular sotware

Can be interfaced to Scoot traffic telematics.

Steel streetbox

Low cost multifunction cabin










Specification

Concentration measurement range 0 - 2000g/m3 (resolution 1g/m3)

Particle size range of maximum response 0.1 - 10m

Sampling flow rate 16.7 l/min. 3% mass flow controlled (optional temperature compensated volumetric)

Span temperature stability Typically 0.5% FSD /C

Zero temperature stability 0.25 g/C

Measurement accuracy Typically 15% for a 24 hour sample run following gravimetric calibration.

Clock accuracy 1minute/month, or better

Display 2 line, 16 character, backlit display showing operating conditions and parameters

Purge filter replacement interval >5 years

Backup battery Rechargeable lead acid, 6V 1.2Ah. Backup of program and data for typically one month.

Digital output RS232C, 9600 baud rate, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, parity: none

Operating temperature 10 to +40C, 0 - 100%RH

Enclosure dimensions 536 x 747 x 300mm

Inlet tube Diameter - 33.8mm, length - 388mm (750mm max. length)

Enclosure IP65 rating with wall mount brackets or galvanised steel frame

Ordering Information

APM950 system with PM10 sampling head 153000D

APM950 2m frame 153075A

Accessories and Spares

PM2.5 WINS impactor 153320B

20ml Dow Corning Oil for PM2.5 impactor 153333A

TSP sampling head 153326B

47mm glass fibre filters P102019

47mm pre-weighed glass fibre filters P117002




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Exploded view WINS impactor for PM2.5 sampling









F-701-20Beta Gauge Particulate Monitor

A measuring device for the continuous monitoring of the smallest concentration of particles in the ambient air (fine dust).

FEATURES C-14 method, no measurable decrease

in activity

Lowest radioactivity of all beta gauges,usable without licence, or disclosure

Automatic zero correction

Pre-calibrated, no site-specific calibration required

Mass-flow controlled sample flow 1m3/h

Extraction of a constant sample flow, irrespective of the ambient temperature

Repeated collection on the same spot, collected particles available for heavy metal analysis

RS-232 interface and analog output, status signals

APPLICATIONS Immissions measuring systems for

monitoring fine dust

Mobile immissions-measuring

Dust measurement in health and safety applications

Interior dust measurements

Measurement and collection of dust particles for heavy metal analysis

Long-term background studies in ambientdust concentration

Dust measurement and collection at problem sites and repositories

Dust measurement for secondary emissionof repositories (e.g. coal).

Dust measurement in supply air andexhaust ducts.

APPROVALS Type-tested by TV.

MEASURING PRINCIPLEThe measuring principle of the F-701-20ambient dust monitor is based on the absorption of the beta rays (electrons) emittedby a radioactive emitter through particles collected from an ambient air flow. In the F-701-20 the pulse rate of the unloaded filter tape is measured before each collectingcycle, then dust is collected on this precise filter spot over a pre-defined period, and finally the pulse rate of the loaded filter tape ismeasured. The difference between the twopulse rates is evaluated in the device and displayed as dust concentration in g/m3.

OPTIONSFurther sample inlets:

PM-2.5 (accordant EN 12341)

PM-10 (according to EN 12341)

Total dust (according to VDI 2463)




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F-701-20Beta Gauge Particulate Monitor




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Specification

Measurements Dust concentration

Measuring ranges 00.1 ... 010 mg/m3

Measuring principle Beta-ray absorption

Ambient temperature 0 up to +50C

Protection IP20

Measuring outputs 2 x 0 / 420 mA / 500 Ohm

Digital outputs 8 relay outputs, permissable load 24 V, 12 VA

Digital inputs 3 potential free inputs

Accuracy









LSPM10 Airbourne Particulate Continuous Monitor and Sampler




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PM10 or PM2.5 Airborne ParticulateContinuous Monitor and Sampler

Complies with the European Directive EN12341, Reference Method: PM10 SamplingStandards (2.3 m3/h) and Gravimetric etermination of the PM10

UNIQUE PMT DETECTOR TECHNOLOGYFOR CONTINUOUS MEASURES

HIGH SENSITIVITY FOR FINE PARTICULATE RANGE

47mm SAMPLER FOR GRAVIMETRICWEIGHING

EQUIPPED WITH UNITEC EUROHEAD (EN 12341) Sampling inlet with Impactor for PM10 or PM2.5

VERY LOW DETECTION LIMIT ( 0.1 micrograms/m3)

APPLICATIONS CONTINUOUS ENVIRONMENTAL

POLLUTION MONITORING

INDOOR AIR POLLUTION

INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

PARTICULATE CONTROL FROM CEMENT KILN

QUALITY CONTROL FOR FOOD & BEVERAGE

INDUSTRY AND PHARMACEUTICALINDUSTRY

47 MM FILTER SAMPLER DEVICE ACCORDING TO THE DIRECTIVE EN12341LSPM10 can be used as a sequential sampler with up to 16 membrane filters, beingequipped with a gravimetric unit. It is possibleto run the analyzer without interruption andget the particulate samples, strictly in accordance with EN12341/98 standards.LSPM10 can be programmed as a constantflow sampler, archiving sampling time, totalvolume sampled, average pressure and temperature during the sampling. The gravimetric weighing can be compared with the analysers readings to check their accuracy.

The microprocessor of LSPM10 allows the useof LSPM10 as a constant volume sampler,storing in its memory the following data:

- Date and time of sampling start

- Date and time of sampling stop

- Date and time of starting of single sampling(for each filter)

- Data and time of stop of single sampling (for each filter)

- Selection of sampling flow

- Indication of average raw flow

- Indication of average normalized flow

- Total sampling time

- Total raw sampled volume

- Total normalized sample volume

- Input of standard sampling conditions (reference pressure and temperature)

- Average, minimum and maximum Pressureand temperature during sampling

- Flow normalization at standard values

- Maximum T during sampling- Maximum P during samplingThis application allows the operator to correlate data measured by the LSPM10analyser with the gravimetric weighting of themembrane filters contained in the sequentialsampler module connected.

The sequential sampling module is connectedto the continuous analyser through a flangedconnector taking the air sampled out of thechamber. Theoretical determinations togetherwith lab and field tests assure the perfectintegrity of the sample that is not altered during the continuous analysis. LSPM10manages all its functions automatically,including automatic filter changes accordingto the set time and set commands.

Alternatively, the LSPM10 can be supplied without the gravimetric unit.In this case the LSPM10 is the best instrument to continuously monitor PM10 orPM2.5 particulate concentration by measuringthe average of instantaneous values for each6 minutes, the hourly averages and the 24hours averages.

The LSPM10 monitor can be supplied with a 47 mm diameter filter holder for a singlesampling. In this case while the sampling isstill managed by the microprocessor as previously described, the filter is only one and has to be manually changed.

PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION FOR CONTINOUS MEASUREMENT OF PM10 OR PM2.5Model LSPM10 is an instrument designed for the continuous monitoring of particulate,using the principle of orthogonal nephelometry. A constant flow controlledpump draws ambient air through the sizeselective sampling head of choice (PM10 orPM2.5) into the instrument, where particleconcentration is derived by measuring thelight scattered from an excitation beam. Usinga special collimator device, the light beam is

focussed in a spectral narrow band into thedetector. LSPM10 uses a photo multipliertube, a well-established technology, very stable and with good reliability. The signal is then output continuously to the microprocessor for data elaboration. Data are displayed as micrograms/nm3 on thefront panel. The analyzer performs an automatic calibration of 20 seconds every 6 minutes. Potential drift is therefore compensated, ensuring high analysis stability.

MAIN TECHNICAL FEATURES: High precision collimation

The LSPM10 uses a system of grids for beamcollimation. This unique technology provides ahigh optical throughput and the ultimate instray light performance.

Because optical surfaces are not involved,contamination by dust, and the associatedproblem of zero shift, is avoided. Sensitivity is greatly enhanced by the high opticalthroughput. The design results in a far more compact instrument than all integratingtype of nephelometers.

Orthogonal configuration

As any light concentration devices are notinvolved (filters, lenses etc), LSPM10 canassure perfect orthogonal beam conditions,where the cut-off a few degrees either side of90 is virtually absolute. The advantage of this













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strict orthogonal geometry is that responsewith respect to particle size is better suited tomeasurement of urban ambient aerosols.Partly because the LSPM10 ignores the dominant forward scatter lobe associatedwith larger particles, and partly because thePMT response restricts the wavelength of the light being measured to the blue, the instrument has the main feature of beingable to detect particles smaller than 0.1 micrometer.

Having a good response at these small particle sizes is critical to accurate reporting ofthe so-called accumulation mode in the urbanaerosol. This mode leads to the formation ofparticles in the size range 0.1 to 1um whichare dangerous for the adverse health effects,and are usually known as PM2.5 standard.One of the main benefits of the orthogonalgeometry of the LSPM10 is to provide a relatively uniform response over the entire particle size range of the accumulation mode.

Uninfluence of Large ParticleBreakthrough

One of the advantages of LSPM10 is that thedetector is relatively unresponsive to particleslarger than 10m, especially if used for environmental monitoring, where In the urbanaerosol the major component is in the range10 to 40m arising from the resuspensionactivity of road traffic. Kerbside sites particularly are exposed to very high levels ofresuspended dust which will breakthrough thePM10 or PM2.5 head to some extent, and beerroneously registered as fine particulate by agravimetric device, whereas the LSPM10 willtend to ignore such contributions.

Better Handling of VolatilesContinuous reading gravimetric devicesrequire the sample inlet be heated in order to stabilize the filter element against masschanges mediated through the absorption ofwater vapour. The problem with this approachis that volatiles such as ammonium nitrate arenot trapped and the instrument under-reads.Since ammonium nitrate is often an importantconstituent of the accumulation mode aerosolin urban situations, the magnitude of the errorcan be very considerable. LSPM10, on theother hand, operates with its inlet only a fewdegrees above ambient. The heat generatedby the light source, although is activelyextracted by means of a heat filter, heat sink and fan, warms the inner part of the optical chamber.

Experience over a period of several years has indicated that the slight elevation of theinstrument's temperature above ambient issufficient to suppress errors from this source.This arrangement means volatiles will beaccurately represented.

ElectronicsRaw data acquisition, processing and archival storage are under control of a data management system, based on microprocessor technology that perform the following functions:

- data processing and display visualization

- LCD display as Interface for the operator

- Standard calibration using weighing comparison (gravimetric weighting comparison or monodisperse aerosolknown concentration comparison) and by in-built reference optical filter

- Binary state check (span shutter on/off,lamp on/off, ref signal on/off etc.)

- Standard conditions sampling (constant flow control and normalized reading by temperature and pressure compensation)

- Real time diagnostic by starting data reference and running data comparison

- Data archiving in ASCII format ready toexport for Windows programs (MS Excel,etc.) by serial port connection

- Alarm report with fault condition and/or preventive maintenance request (low PMTsignal, calibration system fault or lamp lifeexpired time)

- Data output by RS232 serial port and/oranalogue signal (0-5V or 0/4-20 mA).

LSPM10 Layout













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Specification - LSPM10

PRINCIPLE OF MEASURE Sampler module: LVS-PM10 sampler

Monitor module: Orthogonal nephelometry (light scattering )

RANGE 0-20.000 micrograms/m3

RESOLUTION 0.1 micrograms with analysis time of 6 minutes

LINEARITY Better then 0.1% in the range 0-1000 micrograms/ nm3

ACCURACY Better then 1% (dimensional diameter particles range between 0.1 to 10 micrometers)

ZERO AND SPAN DRIFT Less then 0.1% automatically compensated during calibration

RAW ANALYSIS TIME 30msec

MINIMUM SAMPLING TIME 6 minutes, adjustable

SAMPLE FLOW Adjustable within the range 15-40 SLPM ( other on request )

PUMP Module Carbon vane vacuum pump, flow rate > 3 m3/h, with massflowcontroller and sample filter.

CALIBRATION Automatic at preset time or manual by the operator

Specification - MICROPROCESSOR

DISPLAY Alphanumeric display device

USER INTERFACE Front panel membrane keypad, IP 65 protection grade

SERIAL INTERFACE 1 RS232 ports for host system connection and/or for service

ANALOG OUTPUT 1 configurable current or voltage output ( max 20mA or 5V)

ANALOG INPUT 2 free configurable input for external signal acquisition (max 20mA or 5V, galvanically isolated)

DIGITAL OUTPUT 2 fault (general or configurable dedicated)

DIGITAL INPUT 2

DATA STORAGE Battery backup ram, 7 days of hourly average data

Specification - SAMPLING INLET

UNITEC EUROHEAD-PM10 EN12341- PM10 Sampling inlet, 2.3 nm3/h sample flow

PM2.5 PM 2.5 sampling inlet, max sample flow 3.6 nm3/h (2.3 m3/h)

Specification - GENERAL

STORAGE CONDITIONS -10/+50 C, max 90% U.R. non-condensing

OPERATING CONDITIONS 0/ 40 C max 90% U.R. non-condensing

SHOCK TEST shock 30G

SUPPLY 110-240V, 50-60 Hz (switch selection)

OPERATIONAL ABSORPTION 6A at 220V 50 Hz

PUMP MODULE ABSORPTION 2A at 220V 50 Hz

WEIGHT 20 Kg

DIMENSIONS 19 standard rack

Applications: Home: Print: Back: Next: History: Glossaries: Reference Gas Analysers: Gravimetric Particulate Analysers: Real Time Particulate Analysers: Odour Monitoring: Software: Mercury Gas Analysers: Enclosures: Multi Gas Stack Analysers: Specialist Analysers: Search: Calibration: APM 950: F701-20: LSPM10: Indicative Multi Gas Analysers:

Results Real-Time Particulate Analysers

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