Results of the de-excitation code ABLA07
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Results of the de-excitation Results of the de-excitation code ABLA07code ABLA07
GSI Darmstadt, Germany
Aleksandra KelićM. Valentina Ricciardi
Karl-Heinz Schmidt
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LayoutLayout
• Improvements in ABLA07
• Stages of a spallation reaction
• Influence of the 1st stage on the results
• Comparison of ABRA, INCL4, ISABEL + ABLA07
• Conclusions
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Improvementsin
ABLA07
see proceedings of the “Joint ICTP-IAEA Advanced Workshop on
Model Codes for Spallation Reactions„ held in Trieste, Italy, 4-8 January 2008
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ABLA07ABLA07
New features (with moderate increase of computing time):• Multifragmentation• CN-decay channels γ, n, p, LCP, IMF, fission (continuous)
– inverse x-sections from nuclear potential– treatment of angular momentum – fission transients from Fokker-Planck equation – barrier structure in low-energy fission – nuclide production in fission with 1 parameter set
• from spontaneous fission to high E* for all CN
– evaporation on fission path
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Production of heliumProduction of helium
Data: R. Michel et al., NIM B 103, C. M. Herbach et al., Proc SARE-5 meeting, 2000
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Production of Production of 77BeBe
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Fission cross sectionsFission cross sections
Low-energy fission influence of double-humped structure in fission barriers of actinides and symmetry classes at saddle
235Np
exp data - Gavron et al., PRC13
ABLA07
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E*=E*=60 MeV60 MeV
10 MeV10 MeV
20 MeV20 MeV
220220Th Th 223223Th Th 226226Th Th 229229Th Th 232232ThTh
Black: experimental data (GSI experiment)Red: model calculations (N=82, Z=50, N=92 shells)
Possible fissionning systems in spallation of 238U!
Multimodal fission around Multimodal fission around 226226ThTh
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Spallation Spallation 238238U (1 A GeV) + U (1 A GeV) + 11HH
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MultifragmentationMultifragmentation
Multifragmentation:One central component due to expansion of an homogenous source.
Binary decay:2 separated forward and backward components due to Coulomb repulsion.
Longitudinal cuts in velocity
PhD, P. Napolitani
136Xe + 1H1 A GeV
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Stages of a spallation reaction
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Stages of a spallation reactionStages of a spallation reaction• Primary collisions (≈10 fm/c
= 3.3 10-23 s)– ► Distorted nuclear system
• Thermalisation of nucleonic motion (≈100 fm/c)– ► Compound nucleus
ABLA07 starts here
• Expansion (a few 100 fm/c)– ► Thermal instabilities
• Shape evolution (≈1000 fm/c)– ► Fission delay
• De-excitation (up to ≈107 fm/c)– ► Final residue
Primary collisions
Final residues
ABLA07 is 2nd part of ABRABLA07 (Abrasion-ablation code).
1st stage
2nd stage
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Fingerprints of the de-excitation processFingerprints of the de-excitation process
The situation after the primary collision process can be expressed by the parameters of the compound nucleus. They define the starting point of the de-excitation process.
The de-excitation process wipes out most of the properties of the heated thermalised system.Most of the characteristics of the final residues are fingerprints of the de-excitation process.
Experimental data (P. Armbruster et al., PRL 93 (2004) 212701)
INCL4 remnants
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1 GeV p + 1 GeV p + 238238U INCL4, ISABEL, ABRA + ABLA07U INCL4, ISABEL, ABRA + ABLA07
Fingerprints of the de-excitation processFingerprints of the de-excitation process
At first glance, nothing seems to change among the different 1st stage models, however ...
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Influence of the 1st stage of the reaction
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Parameters of the compound nucleusParameters of the compound nucleus
• Composition in A and Z– Starting point on the chart of the nuclides
– Fluctuations in N/Z
• Thermal excitation energy– Influence on emission rates
– Reduced in de-excitation
• Angular momentum– Influence on barriers (mostly fission)
– Modified in de-excitation
• Linear momentum– No influence on de-excitation
– Signature of reaction channel
• Volume (extended)– Response to heating - breakup
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Excitation energyExcitation energy
Increase of beam energy leads to higher excitation energies after INC and to larger mass loss in evaporation.
Experimental Data
T. Enqvist et al., NPA 686, 481, NPA 703, 435B. Fernandez et al., NPA 747, 227L. Audouin et al., NPA 768, 1
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Angular momentumAngular momentum
- Influence on barriers (mostly fission)- Modified in de-excitation
INCL4 + ABLA07
1 GeV p + 208Pb
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Comparison of
INCL4ISABELABRA
for
1 GeV p + 56Fe, 208Pb, 238U
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1 GeV p + 56Fe
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1 GeV p + 56Fe
ABRA INCL4
ISABEL
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1 GeV p + 56Fe
ABRA INCL4
ISABEL
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1 GeV p + 56Fe ABRABLA07
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1 GeV p + 56Fe INCL4+ABLA07
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1 GeV p + 56Fe ISABEL+ABLA07
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1 GeV p + 56Fe ratio exp/calc
ABRA INCL4
ISABEL
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1 GeV p + 208Pb
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1 GeV p + 208Pb
ABRA INCL4
ISABEL
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1 GeV p + 208Pb
ABRA INCL4
ISABEL
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1 GeV p + 208Pb ABRABLA07
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1 GeV p + 208Pb ABRABLA07
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1 GeV p + 208Pb INCL4+ABLA07
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1 GeV p + 208Pb INCL4+ABLA07
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1 GeV p + 208Pb ISABEL+ABLA07
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1 GeV p + 208Pb ISABEL+ABLA07
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1 GeV p + 208Pb ratio exp/calc
ABRAINCL4
ISABEL
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1 GeV p + 238U
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1 GeV p + 238U
ABRA INCL4
ISABEL
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1 GeV p + 238U
ABRA INCL4
ISABEL
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1 GeV p + 238U ABRABLA07
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1 GeV p + 238U ABRABLA07
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1 GeV p + 238U ABRABLA07
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1 GeV p + 238U INCL4+ABLA07
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1 GeV p + 238U INCL4+ABLA07
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1 GeV p + 238U INCL4+ABLA07
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1 GeV p + 238U ISABEL+ABLA07
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1 GeV p + 238U ISABEL+ABLA07
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1 GeV p + 238U ISABEL+ABLA07
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1 GeV p + 238U ratio exp/calc
ABRAINCL4
ISABEL
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ConclusionsConclusions
What can still be done in ABLA:
• Improvement of even-odd effect• More physics content in the break-up stage (not
so important for spallation reactions)
Further improvements:
• Necessity of fixing the initial conditions of the de-excitation process Spaladin experiments