Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO
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Transcript of Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO
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Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO
Ladislav VÁLAon behalf of the NEMO 3 and SuperNEMO collaborations
Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics
Czech Technical University in Prague
NOW 2008, 6 – 13 September 2008, Conca Specchiulla, Italy
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Brief introduction – decay
NEMO 3 – description and results
SuperNEMO – current status
Summary
Outline
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
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In even-even nuclei where single decay is highly suppressed or forbidden but decay is possible, e.g. 48Ca, 76Ge, 82Se, 96Zr, 100Mo,116Cd, 130Te, 136Xe, 150Nd,…
100Mo0+
21+
01+
41+
0+
100Ru
22+
30
34
ke
V
100Tc1+
Double beta decay
2 = (T1/2)-1 = G2(Q11,Z) |M2|
2
G2 – phase space factor M – nuclear matrix element
Two-neutrino decay (2):(A,Z) →(A,Z+2) + 2 e + 2 e
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
Neutrinoless decay (0):(A,Z) →(A,Z+2) + 2 e
0 = (T1/2)-1 = G0(Q5,Z) |M0|
2 m2
G0 – phase space factor M – nuclear matrix elementm = | j |Uej
|2 eij mj | – effective neutrino mass
Energy sum of the electrons
Beyond SM L = 2, Majorana neutrinos with mass > 0Can be due to: light neutrino exchange m, right-handed currents, Majorana emission, SUSY particle exchange
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Calorimetry plus tracking Detection of both electrons: reject unknown nuclear gamma lines
Three kinematic observables: study underlying physics mechanism
(i) individual electron energies (ii) angular correlation (iii) energy sum
Sources separated fromthe detector: measure T1/2 for several isotopes
Background rejection throughparticle identification: e–, e+, , particles
Unique and complementary
NEMO experimental approach
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
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Modane
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
Detector located in the LSM Modane underground laboratory, France (4800 m.w.e.)
Source: 10 kg of isotopes, cylindrical, S = 20 m2, foils ~ 60mg/cm2
Tracking detector: drift wire chamber operating in Geiger mode (6180 cells)gas = 94% He + 4% ethyl alcohol + 1% Ar + 0.1% H2O
Calorimeter: 1940 plastic scintillators coupled to low radioactivity PMTs
NEMO 3 detector
NEMO = Neutrino Ettore Majorana Observatory
B (25 G)
4 m
20 sectors
3 m
6 m
6 m
Magnetic field: 25 GaussGamma shield: pure iron (18 cm layer)Neutron shield: borated water (ext. wall, 30 cm layer) & wood (top and bottom, 40 cm layer)
Surrounded by an anti-radon tent supplied with Rn-free air from an anti-radon factory
identification of e–, e+, and -particles
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116Cd 405 gQ = 2805 keV
96Zr 9.4 gQ = 3350 keV
150Nd 37.0 gQ = 3367 keV
48Ca 7.0 gQ = 4272 keV
130Te 454 gQ = 2529 keV
natTe 491 g
Cu 621 g
2 decaymeasurement
External background measurement
100Mo 6.914 kgQ = 3034 keV 0 decay search
82Se 0.932 kgQ = 2995 keV
&
NEMO 3 sources
All sources produced by centrifugation in Russia
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
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Deposited energy: E1 + E2= 2088 keVInternal hypothesis: (t)mes – (t)theo = 0.22 nsCommon vertex: (vertex) = 2.1 mm (vertex)// = 5.7 mm
Run Number: 2040Event Number: 9732Date: 2003-03-20
100Mo foils
Scintillator+ PMT
Longitudinal viewTransverse view
Vertex of the ee emission
Vertex of the ee emission
event reconstruction
Criteria to select events:
• 2 tracks with charge < 0• 2 PMTs, each > 200 keV• PMT-Track association • Common vertex
• Internal hypothesis TOF (external event rejection)• No other isolated PMT ( rejection)• No delayed track (214Bi rejection)
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
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Results for 2 of 130Te
Preliminary result:
130Te: T1/2 = [ 7.6 ± 1.5 (stat) ± 0.8 (syst) ] 1020 y
Preliminary result:
130Te: T1/2 = [ 7.6 ± 1.5 (stat) ± 0.8 (syst) ] 1020 y
S + B = 607 events
109 events454 g
534 daysS/B = 0.25
background subtracted
NEMO-3 NEMO-3
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
Energy sum of the electrons Energy sum of the electrons
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Cut at 1.5 MeV
E1 + E2 (MeV)
Preliminary results: T1/2 (2) = [4.4 +0.5
-0.4 (stat) ± 0.4 (syst)] × 1019 y
T1/2 (0) > 1.3 × 1022 y (90% C.L.) m < 29.6 eV (90% C.L.), eff. 22%
Preliminary results: T1/2 (2) = [4.4 +0.5
-0.4 (stat) ± 0.4 (syst)] × 1019 y
T1/2 (0) > 1.3 × 1022 y (90% C.L.) m < 29.6 eV (90% C.L.), eff. 22%
133 events7g
948 daysS/B = 6.76
NEMO-3
New results for 48Ca
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
NEMO-3
Angular distribution
High bkg here due to contamination with 90Sr
Energy sum of the electrons
Cut at 0
NME: E. Caurrier et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 (2008) 052503.
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New results for 96Zr
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
[1] M.Kortelainen and J.Suhonen, Phys.Rev. C 75 (2007) 051303(R).[2] M.Kortelainen and J.Suhonen, Phys.Rev. C 76 (2007) 024315.[3] F.Šimkovic et al., Phys.Rev. C 77 (2008) 045503. N
ME
:
9.4 g925 days
S/B = 1
NEMO-3 NEMO-3
Angular distributionEnergy sum of the electrons
Preliminary results:
T1/2 (2) = [2.3 ± 0.2(stat) ± 0.3 (syst)] × 1019 y
T1/2 (0) > 8.6 × 1022 y (90% C.L.) m < (7.4 – 20.1) eV [1–3]
Preliminary results:
T1/2 (2) = [2.3 ± 0.2(stat) ± 0.3 (syst)] × 1019 y
T1/2 (0) > 8.6 × 1022 y (90% C.L.) m < (7.4 – 20.1) eV [1–3]
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New results for 2 of 150Nd
Preliminary result:
150Nd: T1/2 = [ 7.20 +0.25-0.22 (stat) ± 0.73 (syst) ] 1018 y
Preliminary result:
150Nd: T1/2 = [ 7.20 +0.25-0.22 (stat) ± 0.73 (syst) ] 1018 y
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
Angular distributionEnergy sum of the electrons
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0 results for 150Nd
2 bkg + radioactive bkg MC
radioactive bkg MC
0 MC (T1/2 = 1.45×1022 y)
150Nd
Above 2.5 MeV28.6 ± 2.7 events expected from
background29 events observed
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
Light neutrino exchange:LEP CLs statistical method above 2.5 MeVDetection efficiency: 19%
NME: V.A. Rodin et al., Nucl. Phys. A 766 (2006) 107.
Previous result: T1/2 > 1.7 × 1021 y (90% CL)
A.A. Klimenko et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 17 (1986) 445.
Right-handed currents:
Emission of Majoron (M1):
T1/2 (0) > 1.45 × 1022 y (90% CL)
m < 3.7 – 5.1 eV
T1/2 (0) > 1.45 × 1022 y (90% CL)
m < 3.7 – 5.1 eV
T1/2 (0) > 1.27 × 1022 y (90% CL)T1/2 (0) > 1.27 × 1022 y (90% CL)
T1/2 (0) > 1.55 × 1021 y (90% CL)T1/2 (0) > 1.55 × 1021 y (90% CL)
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[1] M.Kortelainen and J.Suhonen, Phys.Rev. C 75 (2007) 051303(R). [2] M.Kortelainen and J.Suhonen, Phys.Rev. C 76 (2007) 024315. [3] V.A.Rodin et al., Nucl.Phys. A 793 (2007) 213.
NME:
Results for 100Mo and 82Se
693 days of data, Phase I + Phase II (data until spring 2006)
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
NEMO-3
100Mo
NEMO-3
82Se
T1/2 (2) = [ 7.11 ± 0.02 (stat) ± 0.54 (syst) ] 1018 y
(Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005) 182302)
T1/2 (0) > 5.8 × 1023 y (90% CL)
m < (0.8 – 1.3) eV [1–3]
T1/2 (2) = [ 7.11 ± 0.02 (stat) ± 0.54 (syst) ] 1018 y
(Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005) 182302)
T1/2 (0) > 5.8 × 1023 y (90% CL)
m < (0.8 – 1.3) eV [1–3]
T1/2 (2) = [ 9.6 ± 0.3 (stat) ± 1.0 (syst) ] 1019 y
(Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005) 182302)
T1/2 (0) > 2.1 × 1023 y (90% CL)
m < (1.4 – 2.2) eV [1–3]
T1/2 (2) = [ 9.6 ± 0.3 (stat) ± 1.0 (syst) ] 1019 y
(Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005) 182302)
T1/2 (0) > 2.1 × 1023 y (90% CL)
m < (1.4 – 2.2) eV [1–3]
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0 decay search
expected sensitivities in 2010:100MoT1/2(0) > 2 × 1024 y (90 % CL)
m < (0.4 – 0.7) eV
82SeT1/2(0) > 8 × 1023 y (90 % CL)
m < (0.7 – 1.1) eV
Collaboration decided to perform blind analysisAnalysis is now under wayResults will be ready soonData acquisition with NEMO 3 until the end of 2010
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
[1] M.Kortelainen and J.Suhonen, Phys.Rev. C 75 (2007) 051303(R). [2] M.Kortelainen and J.Suhonen, Phys.Rev. C 76 (2007) 024315. [3] V.A.Rodin et al., Nucl.Phys. A 793 (2007) 213.
NME:
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From NEMO 3 to SuperNEMO
N90A
T1/2 (0) > ln 2 M Tobs NA A Nexcluded
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
7 kg 100 – 200 kg isotope mass M
8 % ~ 30 %
isotope 100Mo 150Nd or 82Se
NEMO 3 SuperNEMO
internal contamination 208Tl and 214Bi in the foil
A(208Tl): < 20 Bq/kg
A(214Bi): < 300 Bq/kg
A(208Tl) < 2 Bq/kg
if 82Se: A(214Bi) < 10 Bq/kg
T1/2(0) > 2 × 1024 y
m < (0.3 – 0.6) eV
T1/2(0) > 2 × 1026 y
m < (50 – 100) meV
energy resolution (FWHM) 8% @ 3 MeV 4% @ 3 MeV
efficiency
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SuperNEMO Collaboration
~ 90 physicists, 12 countries, 27 laboratories
MoroccoFes U
United KingdomUCL
U ManchesterImperial College
FranceCEN Bordeaux
IPHC StrasbourgLAL ORSAYLPC Caen
LSCE Gif s/YvetteSpainU ValenciaU ZaragozaU Barcelona
USAMHCINL
(U Texas)Russia
JINR DubnaITEP Moscow
Kurchatov Institute
JapanU Saga
KEKU Osaka
Slovakia(U Bratislava)
UkraineINR Kiev
ISMA Kharkov
Czech RepublicCharles U Prague
CTU Prague
PolandU Warszawa
FinlandU Jyväskylä
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
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SuperNEMO preliminary design
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
• Planar geometry
Source (40 mg/cm2) 12 m2 , tracking volume (~ 3000 channels) and calorimeter (~ 1000 PMT)
• Modular (~ 5 kg of enriched isotope/module)
100 kg: 20 modules ~ 60 000 channels for drift chamber ~ 20 000 PMT channels (3000 if bar design)
Top view5 m
1 m
Side view
4 m
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February 2006 – July 2009
Approved in UK, France and Spain. Smaller but vital contributions from USA, Russia, Czech Republic, Japan.
Main tasks and deliverables:– R&D on critical components
• Calorimeter energy resolution of 4% at 3 MeV• Optimisation of tracking detector and construction (robot)• Better background rejection (e.g. extra veto counters)• Ultrapure source production and purity control • Simulations and geometry optimisation (B-field question)
– Technical Design Report– Experimental site selection (Modane, Canfranc, Gran Sasso)
SuperNEMO design study
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
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Choice of isotope
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
Choice of nucleus depends on:
• enrichment possibilities
• high Q value
• phase space factor G0
• 2 half-life
• purification of 4 kg of 82Se underway (INL, USA)• enrichment of 150Nd possible in France
(MENPHIS facility at CEA – Atomic Vapour Laser
Isotope Separation)
= G M m22
T0
1
Two main options:
150Nd 82Se
Q (MeV) 3.367 2.995
G0 (y-1eV-2) 8×10-25 10-25
82Se obtained by centrifugation.Impossible for 150Nd, only laserenrichment.
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Calorimeter R&D
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
• Energy resolution is a combination of energy losses in the foil and calorimeter E/E • Goal: FWHM 7%/E 4% at 3 MeV • Studies
– Material: organic (plastic or liquid)– Geometry and shape (block or bar)– Size– Reflective coating– PMTs (Photonis, Hamamatsu, ETL)
• High QE• Ultra-low background
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Calorimeter R&D status
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
• Focus on large block studies (~ 20 cm, 8” PMT)• Four routes pursued
– 8” PMT + plastic block– 8” PMT + liquid scintillator– 8” PMT + hybrid (liquid + plastic) scintillator– 2 m scintillator bar with 3” or 5” PMTs
• PMTs– Working closely with manufacturers: Hamamatsu, Photonis, ETL– Real breakthrough in high-QE PMTs from Hamamatsu, Photonis: 43% QE from 3’’ PMTs, now working on 8’’– Deep involvement in ultra-low background PMT development (especially Photonis)
• 8% at 1 MeV achieved with 20 cm blocks, standard PMT (27% QE) and reflectors • Extrapolating the above improvements gives 7% but must be tested once all components are in hand• Plan B: 3”/5” high QE PMTs and larger number of channels• Decision on calorimeter design in December 2008
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Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
• Optimise operating parameters: – wire length and diameter– wire material, gas mixture – readout
• Several single cells, two 9-cell prototypes built and tested• 90-cell prototype is being built
9-cell prototype in Manchester
Tracker R&D
Drift cell working in Geiger mode (Geiger cell)■ Transverse position from electron drift times■ Longitudinal position from plasma propagation times
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Tracker automated wiring
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
• About 500 000 wires to be strung, crimped, terminated• Wiring robot is being developed at Mullard Space Science Lab (UCL)
Pair of end fittings
Anode wire feed mechanism
Clamp mechanism
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Radiopurity measurement
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
Tracking(wire chamber)
Scintillator + PMT
Source foilto be measured
e–
Prompt e–, T0
Delayed T1/2 ~ 300 ns, Edeposited ~ 1 MeV
Radon + neutron + shield
• BiPo detector to measure contaminations of 208Tl and 214Bi in source foils before installation in SuperNEMO• Goal: ~ 5 kg of foil (12 m2 , 40 mg/cm2) in one month with a sensitivity of
A(208Tl) < 2 Bq/kg & A(214Bi) < 10 Bq/kg
Background < 1 event/month!
(164 s)
(300 ns)
232Th
212Bi(60.5 mn)
208Tl(3.1 mn)
212Po
208Pb(stable)3
6%
238U
214Bi(19.9 mn)
210Tl(1.3 mn)
214Po
210Pb22.3 y0.
021%
Bi-Po process
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BiPo-1capsule
BiPo-1capsule
BiPo-1:18 capsules in operation in LSM Modane since February 2008current sensitivity A(208Tl) < 5 µBq/kg
BiPo-2 and Phoswhich:installed in LSM Modane and running since July 2008results expected by the end of 2008
BiPo-2
Set of BiPo-1 capsules
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
Radiopurity measurement
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2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
NEMO 3 running
Running full detector in 2014
Target sensitivity (0.05 – 0.1 eV) in 2016
Construction of Construction of 20 modules 20 modules
SuperNEMO modules installation at new LSM
BiPoinstallation BiPo running @ Canfranc
1 – 5 SuperNEMO modules running at Canfranc
2014
SuperNEMO scheduleLadislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
BiPo1Canfranc/LSM
BiPo construction
Construction of 20 modules
Preparation of new LSM site
SuperNEMO 1st module construction
SuperNEMO design study
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Summary
NEMO 3 Unique approach combining tracking and calorimetry 2 factory precise T1/2 measurement for 7 isotopes: new results for
48Ca, 96Zr, 130Te and 150Nd 0 of 100Mo & 82Se: blind analysis of Phase 2 data under way Data taking until the end of 2010 Ideal test bench for SuperNEMO
SuperNEMO 3 year design study addresses most critical issues: calorimeter resolution,
tracker optimisation, radio-purity Based on design study results full proposal for 100+ kg detector in 2009 Start-up in stages due to modular approach: first module by 2010/11, all 20
modules ~ 2013 Target sensitivity 50 – 100 meV by 2016
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
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Backup slides
Backup slides
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
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isotope foils
scintillators
PMT
calibration tube
cathode rings (wire chamber) iron shielding
coil
water tank
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
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1 ton of charcoal @ –50oC, 9 barsair flux = 150 m3/hInput: A(222Rn) 15 Bq/m3
Output: A(222Rn) < 15 mBq/m3 !!!reduction factor of 1000
Phase I : February 2003 – September 2004 (radon background in data)~ 1 0-like event/y/kg with 2.8 < E1+E2 < 3.2 MeV
Radon background for 0 searchis then negligible for Phase 2
Radon background for 0 searchis then negligible for Phase 2
Radon trapping facility
Inside the NEMO 3 tent: factor of 100 – 300
Inside NEMO 3: factor of 10A(222Rn) 2 mBq/m3
Phase II : since October 2004 (radon level reduced by a factor of 10)
(164 s)
238U
214Bi(19.9 mn)
210Tl(1.3 mn)
214Po
210Pb(22.3 y)0.
021%
Bi-Po process
0.015 Bq/m3
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
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T1/2 = [ 7.11 ± 0.02 (stat) ± 0.54 (syst) ] 1018 y
Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005) 182302
T1/2 = [ 7.11 ± 0.02 (stat) ± 0.54 (syst) ] 1018 y
Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005) 182302
219 000 events6914 g
389 daysS/B = 40
cos(ee)
● Data
2 MCsimulation
Background subtracted
Angular distribution
● Data
2 MCsimulation
Background subtracted
219 000 events6914 g
389 daysS/B = 40
E1 + E2 (MeV)
Energy sum of the electrons
Phase I data (February 2003 – October 2004) with radon
2 decay of 100Mo
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
Now we have 0.5M events and the result will be updated later this year
NEMO-3 NEMO-3
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T1/2 = [ 9.6 ± 0.3 (stat) ± 1.0 (syst) ] 1019 y
Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005) 182302
T1/2 = [ 9.6 ± 0.3 (stat) ± 1.0 (syst) ] 1019 y
Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 (2005) 182302
2750 events932 g
389 daysS/B = 4
● Data
2 MCsimulation
Background subtracted
E1 + E2 (MeV)
Phase I data (February 2003 – October 2004) with radon
2 decay of 82Se
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
NEMO-3
Energy sum of the electrons
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External background 208Tl (PMTs) Measured with (e) external events~ 10-3 0-like events y-1·kg -1 with 2.8<E1+ E2<3.2 MeV
~ 0.1 0-like events y-1·kg -1 with 2.8<E1+ E2<3.2 MeV
208Tl impurities inside the foils Measured with (e2), (e3) events coming from the foil
External neutrons and high energy ’s Measured with (ee)int events with E1+E2 > 4 MeV
0.02 0-like events y-1·kg -1 with 2.8<E1+ E2<3.2 MeV
NEMO 3 can measure each component of its background!
100Mo 2 decay T1/2 = 7.1 × 1018 y ~ 0.3 0-like events y-1·kg -1 with 2.8<E1+ E2<3.2 MeV
Background measurement in NEMO 3
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
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Future extension of LSM Modane lab
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
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Main HallMain Hall40 × 15 m (h=11 m)
RAILWAY TUNNEL
ROAD TUNNEL Ultra-Low
backgroundFacility
15 × 10 m (h=8 m)
Old Laboratory20 × 5 m (h=4.5 m)
installations, clean rooms
& offices
Access gallery
Characteristic of the
new LSC
Depth 900 m (2450 mwe)
Main experimental hall
600 m2 (oriented to CERN)
Low background lab
150 m2
Clean room 45 m2 (100/1000 type)
General services
135 m2
Offices 80 m2
- BiPo- SuperNEMO- Dark matter- …
New LSC Canfranc laboratory
Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
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Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
150Nd laser enrichment
Vaporised isotope mixture
Laser beam
Enriched Ucollecting plate
Depleted U collecting plate
AVLIS: Atomic Vapour Laser Isotope Separation
Selective photo-ionisation: based on isotope shifts in the atomic absorption optical spectraU + 3 selective photons → 235U+ + e–
• 150Nd enrichment is technically possible• MENPHIS facility (CEA/Pierrelatte - France)
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Ladislav Vála, Results of NEMO 3 and status of SuperNEMO, NOW 2008, 9th September 2008
200+ kg of 2.5% enriched Uranium produced MENPHIS
AVLIS facility
• Facility stopped in 2003• Principal agreement by CEA to suspend closure/dismantling• 150Nd enrichment collaboration formed. SuperNEMO and SNO++ plus other
interested parties• Phased approach
– Feasibility studies for high degree enrichment (> 50%)– ~ kg production and tests– 100+ kg production