Results from the 2005 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH)

Results from the2005 National Survey

on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH)

Briefing for DHHS

September 5, 2006

Joe Gfroerer, OAS, SAMHSA

2

Average Annual Percent Changes in Youth Substance Use, by Survey

NSDUH

(12-17)

2002-2005

MTF

(8th, 10th, 12th)

2001-2005

YRBS

(9th – 12th)

2001-2005Any Illicit (PM) -5.2% -5.1% N.A.

Marijuana (PM) -6.1% -5.2% -4.2%

Cocaine (LT) -5.3% -1.8% -5.2%Methamph. (LT) -7.5% -9.8% -10.8%Alcohol (PM) -2.1% -3.0% -2.1%

Cigarettes (PM) -5.9% -6.9% -5.2%

Note: Numbers reflect the percent change occurring each year that would result in the overall change in prevalence from the base year to 2005.

PM=Past Month; LT=Lifetime.

3

NSDUH Design• Representative nationally and in each State

• Civilian, noninstitutional population, Age 12+

• Face-to-face interview

• Computer-assisted, self-administered

• 68,308 respondents in 2005

• Data comparable with 2002, 2003, and 2004, but not with data prior to 2002

4

Illicit Drug Use

5

Illicit Drug Use, Ages 12+: 2002-2005

Fig2.2

Percent Using in Past Month

2.6

0.9

6.2

0.2

2.5

0.80.4 0.30.5

6.2

0.4

2.7

1.0

0.3

6.1

0.30.4

6.0

2.6

1.0

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Marijuana Psycho-therapeutics

Cocaine Hallucinogens Inhalants

2002200320042005

+ Difference between estimate and the 2005 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level.

6

Illicit Drug Use, by Age: 2002-2005

Fig2.6


8.3

5.8

8.2

20.3

5.6

7.9

19.4

5.5

8.1

5.8

20.2

11.6+11.2+

10.6 9.9

20.1

0

3

6

9

12

15

18

21

12 or Older 12 to 17 18 to 25 26 or Older

2002200320042005


Age in Years

7

Use of Selected Illicit Drugs, Youths Aged 12 to 17: 2002-2005

Fig2.5


0.61.2

0.6 0.81.2

0.6 0.81.21.0+

4.0+

8.2+

1.31.0+

4.0+

7.9+

3.6

0.5

7.6+

6.8

3.3

0123456789



2002200320042005


8

Marijuana Use, Ages 12 to 17: 2002-2005

Fig6.5

Percent Using Marijuana

13.3

6.88.2+

15.8+

20.6+

7.9+

15.0+

19.6+

7.6+

14.5+

19.0+

17.4

0

5

10

15

20

25

Lifetime Past Year Past Month

2002200320042005


9

Marijuana Use by Gender, among Youths Aged 12 to 17: 2002-2005

Fig2.9


7.5

6.27.2+

9.1+

7.2+

8.6+

7.1+8.1

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Male Female

2002200320042005


10

Marijuana Use by Geographic Region, Youths Aged 12 to 17: 2002-2005

Fig2.10


8.08.7

6.8

8.67.3

6.0

7.96.9

6.26.8

7.7+8.1+

9.5+

8.7+

8.0+9.3+

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Northeast Midwest South West

2002200320042005


11

Use of Selected Illicit Drugs among Young Adults Aged 18 to 25: 2002-2005

Fig2.7


6.0

0.4 0.42.0+

5.4+

0.51.9+

17.3

1.72.2

17.0

2.1+

16.1

1.5

6.1

0.51.52.6

6.3

16.6

02468

101214161820



2002200320042005


12

Illicit Drug Use among Adults aged 50 to 59, by Type of Drug: 2002-2005

1.72.1

2.8 3.1

1.01.0

1.01.3

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

2002 2003 2004 2005

Other, no marijuanaMarijuana


2.7+3.1

4.4

+ Difference between estimate and the 2005 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. Difference between 2002 and 2005 for marijuana is statistically significant at .05 level.

3.8

13

Past Month Methamphetamine Use and Past Year Illicit Drug or Stimulant Dependence or

Abuse, Ages 12+: 2002-2005

Fig2.3

Numbers in Thousands

597

63

607

250

92

583

346

130

512

257

103164+

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Past MonthMethamphetamine Use


and Illicit DrugDependence or Abuse


and StimulantDependence or Abuse

2002200320042005


14

Nonmedical Use of Prescription Drugs

15

Nonmedical Use of Prescription Drugs, Ages 12+: 2002-2005


1.9

0.5

2.7

0.8

1.8

0.5

0.1

0.8

0.2+

2.6

0.1

2.0

0.50.7

2.5

0.7

0.1

2.6

1.9

0.4

0

1

1

2

2

3

3

Any Psycho-therapeutics

Pain Relievers Stimulants Sedatives Tranquilizers

2002200320042005


16

Nonmedical Use of Prescription Drugs, Youths Aged 12 to 17: 2002-2005


0.8 0.8

3.6

3.0

0.7

0.1

0.6

3.3

2.7

0.7

0.1

0.60.2+

3.2+

4.0+

0.2

0.9+0.9+

3.2+

4.0+

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.5



2002200320042005


17

Nonmedical Use of Prescription Drugs, Young Adults Aged 18 to 25: 2002-2005


1.2

0.2

1.6

6.0

4.7

1.3

0.2

1.7

6.1

4.7

1.4

0.2

1.8

6.3

4.7

1.3

0.2

1.9

4.1+

5.4+

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7



2002200320042005


18

Source Where Psychotherapeutics Were Obtained for Most Recent Nonmedical Use among Past Year

Users Aged 12 or Older: 2005Percent of Past Year Users

0

20

40

60

80

100

Pain Relievers Tranquilizers Methamphetamine Stimulants

OtherBought on InternetDrug Dealer/ Stranger1 or More DoctorsBought/Took from Friend/ RelativeFree from Friend/Relative

8

19

Nonmedical Use of Pain Relievers in Past Year among Persons Aged 12 or Older, by Substate Region: Percentages,

Annual Averages Based on 2002-2004

20

Past Month Alcohol Use

• Any Use: 52% (126 million)

• Binge Use: 23% (55 million)

• Heavy Use: 7% (16 million)

(Binge and Heavy Use estimates are similar to those in 2002, 2003, and 2004; Past month use increased

from 50% in 2004)

21

Current Alcohol Use among Persons Aged 12 to 20, by Age: 2002-2005


28.8

51.0

29.0

51.5

28.7

51.1

28.2

16.5

51.1

17.6+ 17.7+17.6+

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Overall 12 to 17 18 to 20

2002 2003 2004 2005


22

Binge Drinking in the Past Month among Persons Aged 12 to 20, by Age: 2002-2005 Percent Using in Past Month

19.3

36.4

19.2

36.2

19.6

36.8

18.8

9.9

36.1

10.7+ 10.6 11.1+

0

10

20

30

40

Overall 12 to 17 18 to 20

2002 2003 2004 2005

+ Difference between estimate and the 2005 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level. 19

23

Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol, Ages 12+: 2002-2005

Fig3.5

Percent Driving Under the Influence in Past Year

13.6 13.5 13.014.2+

0

5

10

15

20

2002 2003 2004 2005


24

Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol by Age: 2005

Fig3.6

8.3

19.8

27.9

22.6

17.4 16.7 16.913.8 12.8

8.6

4.92.9

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

16-17 18-20 21-25 26-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65+

Percent Driving Under the Influence in Past Year

Age in Years

25

Tobacco Use

26

Tobacco Use, Ages 12+: 2002-2005

Fig4.1


5.43.3

0.83.3

5.4

26.0+

30.4+

0.7+

25.4

29.8

0.83.0

5.7

24.9

29.2

0.93.2

5.6

24.9

29.4

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

TobaccoProducts

Cigarettes Cigars SmokelessTobacco

Pipe Tobacco

2002200320042005


27

Tobacco Use, Youths Aged 12 to 17: 2002-2005

Fig4.2


2.00.6

2.00.6 0.7

4.2

2.10.6

4.5

13.0+

15.2+

4.5

12.2+

14.4+

2.3

4.8+

11.9+

14.4+

10.8

13.1

02468

1012141618

TobaccoProducts

Cigarettes Cigars SmokelessTobacco

Pipe Tobacco

2002200320042005


28

Cigarette Use by Gender, Youths Aged 12 to 17: 2002-2005

Fig4.4


11.3 10.7 10.8

13.6+

12.3+ 12.5+

11.9+ 12.5+

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

Male Female

2002200320042005


29

Cigarette Use among Women Aged 15 to 44, by Age and

Pregnancy Status: 2004-2005 Combined

Fig4.5


22.3

26.4

10.4

18.5

35.8

28.8

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

15 to 17 18 to 25 26 to 44

PregnantNot Pregnant

Age in Years

30

Substance Use among Pregnant Women, by Age: 2004-2005 Combined


10.4

13.9

9.7

13.510.7

4.9

1.2

26.4

22.3

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

15 to 17 18 to 25 26 to 44

CigarettesAlcoholMarijuana

31

Initiation of Substance Use

32

Past Year Initiates for Specific Illicit Drugs, Ages 12+: 2005

Fig5.1


2,193 2,114

1,286

877 872647 615

247 243108 77

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

Marijuana Heroin

Pain Relievers

Inhalants

LSDTranquilizers PCPEcstasyCocaine

Stimulants Sedatives

33

Mean Age at First Use for Specific Illicit Drugs among Past Year Initiates

Aged 12 to 49: 2005

Fig5.2

Age in Years

16.1 16.5 17.4 18.319.7 20.1 20.7 21.2 22.2 22.9

25.7

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

PCP

HeroinEcstasy

Stimulants

Marijuana

SedativesLSD

CocaineInhalants

PainRelievers

Tranquilizers

34

Past Year Marijuana Initiates among Persons Aged 12 or Older and Mean Age at First Use of Marijuana among Past Year Marijuana

Initiates Aged 12 to 49: 2002-2005

Fig5.3


Numbers in Millions

2.22.0 2.1 2.1

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

2002 2003 2004 2005Past Year Initiates

Age in Years

17.0 17.1 17.416.8+

0

3

6

9

12

15

18

21

2002 2003 2004 2005

Mean Age at First Use1

1 Mean age at first use estimates are among recent initiates aged 12 to 49.

35

Past Year Methamphetamine Initiates among Persons Aged 12 or Older and Mean Age at First Use of

Methamphetamine among Past Year Methamphetamine Initiates Aged 12 to 49: 2002-2005

Fig5.4



260

192

318+

299+

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2002 2003 2004 2005Past Year Initiates

Age in Years

18.920.4 20.6

18.6

0369

1215182124

2002 2003 2004 2005

Mean Age at First Use1

1 Mean age at first use estimates are among recent initiates aged 12 to 49.

36

Past Year Cigarette Initiates among Persons Aged 12 or Older,

by Age at First Use: 2002-2005

1.32 1.35 1.44 1.45

0.62 0.630.68 0.83

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

2002 2003 2004 2005

Initiated at Age 18 or OlderInitiated Prior to Age 18

Numbers in Millions

1.94+ 1.98+

2.28

Fig5.5


2.12

37

Youth Prevention-Related Measures:

Perceived Risk

38

Perceived Great Risk of Cigarette and Alcohol Use, Ages 12 to 17: 2002-2005

Fig6.2

Percent Perceiving Great Risk

38.2 38.5 38.1 38.4

62.2+63.1+61.6+64.2+ 67.5

61.8+ 63.868.3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Smoke 1 or More Packsof Cigarettes Per Day

Have 4 or 5 DrinksNearly Every Day

Have 5 or More DrinksOnce or Twice a Week

2002200320042005


39

Perceived Great Risk of Use of Selected Illicit Drugs, Ages 12 to 17: 2002-2005

Fig6.4

Percent Perceiving Great Risk

34.9

54.4 57.0

34.032.4+

51.5+50.5+

58.5+

51.4+58.8+

49.654.7

35.0

56.5

48.8

55.0

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70 2002200320042005


Smoke Marijuana

Once a Month

Smoke Marijuana

Once or Twice a Week

Use Cocaine Once a Month

Try Heroin Once or Twice

40

Substance Dependence, Abuse, and Treatment

41

Substance Dependence or Abuse in the Past Year, Ages 12+: 2002-2005

Fig7.1

14.9 14.8 15.2 15.4

3.9 3.8 3.9 3.6

0

5

10

15

20

25

2002 2003 2004 2005

Alcohol Only Illicit Drug Only Both Alcohol and Illicit Drug

Numbers in Millions

22.0 21.6 22.2


22.5

3.2 3.1 3.33.4

42

Dependence on or Abuse of Illicit Drugs in the Past Year, Ages 12+: 2005

Fig7.2


97

221

227

371

409

419

1,546

1,549

4,090

0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000

Sedatives

Inhalants

Heroin

Hallucinogens

Stimulants

Tranquilizers

Pain Relievers

Cocaine

Marijuana

43

Substance Dependence or Abuse in the Past Year, by Age and Gender: 2005

Fig7.4

Percent Dependent or Abusing in Past Year

12.0

7.8

12.6

6.4

8.3

6.2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Aged 12 or Older Aged 12 to 17 Aged 18 or Older

MaleFemale

44

Need for and Receipt of Specialty Treatment in the Past Year for Illicit Drug or Alcohol

Use, Ages 12+: 2005

1.3 1.6 2.3

6.3

17.8

20.9

0

5

10

15

20

25

Illicit Drugs Alcohol Illicit Drugs or Alcohol

Did Not Receive SpecialtyTreatment

Received SpecialtyTreatment

Numbers in Millions Needing Treatment in Past Year

7.6

19.4

23.2

(17%) (8%) (10%)

Note: Percentages in parentheses represent the percentage of persons who received specialty treatment among those who needed treatment.

45

4.1%

Felt They Needed Treatment and Did

Make an Effort(296,000)

Did Not Feel They Needed

Treatment

Felt They Needed Treatment and Did Not

Make an Effort(865,000)

20.9 Million Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug or Alcohol Use

1.4%94.4%

Past Year Perceived Need for and Effort Made to Receive Specialty Treatment among Persons Aged

12+ Needing But Not Receiving Treatment for Illicit Drug or Alcohol Use: 2005

Fig7.7

Note: Due to rounding, these percentages do not add to 100 percent.

46

Reasons for Not Receiving Substance Use Treatment among Persons Aged 12 or Older Who Needed and Made

an Effort to Get Treatment But Did Not Receive Treatment and Felt They Needed Treatment: 2004-2005 Combined

Fig7.8

Percent Reporting Reason

0.4

3.8

9.4

18.5

21.1

21.2

44.4

0 10 20 30 40 50

Other Access Barriers

Did Not Have Time

Cost/Insurance Barriers

Stigma

Did Not Know Where to Gofor Treatment

Treatment Would Not Help

Not Ready to Stop Using

47

Prevalence and Treatment of Mental Health Problems

48

SPD and MDE Measures • SPD measure is changed form last year’s report. We

now use the shorter version of the mental health module, used in half of 2004 sample. Thus, we have comparable 2004 (revised) and 2005 estimates, but we can’t compare with 2003 and earlier estimates.

• MDE youth and adult estimates should be kept separate due to questionnaire differences.

• Mental health treatment estimates for youth and adult should also be kept separate due to questionnaire differences.

49

Major Depressive Episode Among Adults, by Age: 2004-2005

Percent with MDE in Past Year

5.0

7.3

9.7

8.4

5.1

9.8+10.1

8.0+

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

18 or Older 18-25 26-49 50 or Older

20042005

Age in Years+ Difference between estimate and the 2005 estimate is statistically significant at the .05 level.

50

Serious Psychological Distress Among Adults Aged 18+, by Age: 2004-2005

Fig8.1

Percent with SPD in Past Year

6.9

11.3

18.6

12.5

7.1

14.0+

20.2+

12.2+

0

5

10

15

20

25

18 or Older 18-25 26-49 50 or Older

20042005


51

Co-Occurrence of SPD and Substance Use Disorder in the Past Year among

Adults Aged 18 or Older: 2005

14.9 Million

19.4Million

Co-OccurringSUD and SPD

Substance Use Disorder (SUD) Only

Serious Psychological

Distress (SPD) Only

5.2 Million

52

Past Year Treatment among Adults Aged 18 or Older with Both Serious Psychological Distress and a Substance Use Disorder: 2005

Fig8.2

Substance Use Treatment Only

5.2 Million Adults with Co-Occurring SPD and Substance Use Disorder

Treatment for Both Mental Health and Substance Use Problems

No Treatment

34.3%

53.0%

8.5%

4.1%

Treatment Only for Mental Health Problems

Note: Due to rounding, these percentages do not add to 100 percent.

53

Past Year Treatment for Mental Health Problems by Type of Treatment,

Adults Aged 18 or Older: 2002-2005

Fig8.5

Percent Receiving Treatment in the Past Year

0.8

7.1

0.9

7.1

10.5

1.0

6.8

10.5

13.0

7.4+

0.7+

10.9

13.212.8

10.7

13.0

0

3

6

9

12

15

Any Treatment Inpatient Outpatient PrescriptionMedication

2002200320042005


54

Reasons for Not Receiving Treatment in the Past Year among Adults Aged 18 or Older with an Unmet Need for Treatment for a Mental

Health Problem: 2005

Fig8.6

Percent among Adults Who Did Not Receive Treatment and Had Unmet Need

3.3

8.1

8.8

14.4

18.5

23.4

36.7

46.8

0 10 20 30 40 50

Did Not Feel Need for Treatment/Could Handle the Problem Without Treatment

Fear of Being Committed/ Have to Take Medicine

Cost/Insurance Issues

Treatment Would Not Help

Did Not Know Where to Go for Services

Stigma

Other Access Barriers

Did Not Have Time

55

Major Depressive Episode among Youths Aged 12 to 17, by Age:

2004-2005

Percent with MDE in Past Year

12.3

8.8

5.2

9.5

11.5

9.2

5.4

9.0

02468

10121416

12 to 17 12 to 13 14 to 15 16 to 17

2004 2005


56

Substance Use among Youths Aged 12 to 17, by Major Depressive

Episode in the Past Year: 2005

Fig8.8

Percent Using Substance

38.0

25.2

19.3

5.3 3.8

18.0

12.1

7.2

2.5 2.2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40 Had Major DepressiveEpisode in the Past Year

Did Not Have MajorDepressive Episode in thePast Year

Past Year Illicit Drug

Use

Daily Cigarette Use in Past

Month

Past Month Heavy Alcohol

Use

Past Year Marijuana

Use

Past Year Psycho-

therapeutics Use

57

Next from NSDUH

• Short reports using 2005 data

• Analytic report on prescription drug misuse (Late September) (2002-2004 data)

• Analytic report on workplace issues (Fall 2006) (2002-2004 data)

• 2005 public use data file (Fall 2006)

• 2005 State report (early 2007)

58

Questions

Results from the 2005 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH)

Documents

Transcript of Results from the 2005 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH)