Results and Discussion BIBLIOGRAPHY -...

Results and Discussion

Prevalence and Assessment of Risk for Cardiovascular Disease among Young Women and the Impact of Therapeutic Lifestyle Modification

137

BBIIBBLLIIOOGGRRAAPPHHYY

AbalKahi, B.A., Tawfik, M., Hussain, G. and Albar, M.S. (2007), Cardiovascular Disease health risk appraisal, Annuals of Internal Medcine, 29(2), 5.

Ahmed, S.M., Hadi, A., Razzaque, A., Ashraf, A., Juvekar,S., Kanuga sukkasem, U., Soonthoranthada, K., Minh, H.V and Bich,T.H. (2009), Clustering of chronic non communicable disease risk factors among selected Asian populations: levels and determinants.

Akinboboye, O., Kcantaz, D.S., Kop,W.J., Schwartz,S.D., Levine.J., Del Negro, A., Karasik, P., Berman, D.S., Olcallahan,M., Magaik, Gottdienee, J.S. (2005), Comparison of mental stress- induced myocardial ischemia in coronary artery disease patients with versus without left ventricular dysfunction. Am J. Caridol, 95(3);322-6.

Al-Deaimy, W.K., Manson, J.E., Solomon, C.G., Kawachi, I., Stampfer, M.J., Willett, W.C. and Hu, F.B. (2002) “Smoking and risk of coronary heart disease among women with type 2 diabetes mellitus”, Archive of Internal Medicine, 162(3), Pp.273-279.

Alwan, A., Alleyne, S.G and Silink, M.(2009), Non communicable disease gap in the development agenda, Indian Heart Journal, 61, 175 – 179.

American Heart Association (2007), Cardiovascular Diseases Prevention In women, Pp.181, 2.

American Heart Association (2011), Relationship between the risk of Cardiovascular Disease and environmental and psychosocial factors, Pp.10 -11.

American Psychiatric Association (2000), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th edition, text revised. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.



138

Anderson, J.W., Liu, C. and Kryscio, R.J. (2008). “Blood pressure response to transcendental meditation”, Am. J. Hypertens., 21 : 310-316.

Anjana, R, Ali,M.K, Pradeepa, R, Deepa, M, Datta, M, Rema,M and Mohan,V, (2011), “The need for obtaining accurate nationwide estimates of diabetes prevalence in India”, Indian Journal of Medical Research, 133, 4,369 – 380

Apple, L.J. (1998), A Clinical trial of the effects of the dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH collaborative Research Group. New England journal of medicine, 1998, 336 : 1117-1124.

Baba, S., Ozawa, H., Sakai, Y., Terao, A., Konishi, M. and Tatara, K. (2009), “Heart disease deaths in a Japanese urban area evaluated by clinical and police records”, J Assoc Physicians India, 57, Pp.568-573.

Bacon, J. (2005), Lipid profile of the Heart patients and healthy volunteers, Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, Vol.38,N02,P.83.

Baker K, DeJoy D, and Wilson M. (2007).Using online health risk assessments, The Journal of Employee Assistance, 13-16

Barlow, C.E., Lamonte, M.J., Fitzgerald, S.J., Kampert, J.B., Perrin, J.L. and Blair, S.N. (2006), Cardio respiratory fitness is an independent risk predictor of hypertension incidence among normotensive healthy women, American Journal of Epidemiology, 163,2, 142 – 150.

Bassuk, S.S. and Manson, J.E. (2008), Epidemiological evidence for the role of physical activity in reducing risk of type 2 diabtes and cardiovascular disease, Journal of applied physiology, Vol.99 (3), Pp. 1193 - 204.

Belch, J.J. (2003), Incidence of Cardiovascular Diseases in European Nations, Archive International Medicine, Vol.163, Pp.884-92.

Berstein, S. (2002), Silent myocardial ischemia in hypothyroidism. Subclinical hypothyroidism may increase risk of heart attacks. The Lancet, February 19.



139

Binkoski, A.E., Etherton, K.P.M., Wilson, T., Mountain, M.C. and Nicolosi, R.J., (2005), Balance of unsaturated Fatty acids in important to a cholesterol lowering diet: comparison of mid-oleic sunflower oil and olive oil on cup risk factor, Journal of American Dietetic association,Vol.105 (97), Pp.1080-6.

Bittner, V. (2006), “Perspectives on dyslipidemia and coronary heart disease in women”, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 46(9): 1628-1635.

Blacher, J. (2005), “Relationship between homocysteine, folic acid, vitamin B complex and cardiovascular risk”, Sciences and Ailments, 24(5), Pp. 357-369.

Blumenthal, J.A., Sherwood, A., Babyak, M.A., Watkins, L.L., Waugh, R., Coleman, R.E. and Hinderliter, A. (2005). “Effects of exercise and stress management training on markers of cardio vascular risk in patients with Ischemic heart disease”, JAMA, 293 (13) : 1626-34.

Bouckley, B. (2010), Dietary fiber may cut Japanese heart disease risk : study,The Journal of Nutrition, 140,8, Pp 1445 – 1453.

Boutayeb,A. (2006), The double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases in developing countries, Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg , 100, 191 – 199.

Brehme, U. (2002), “Significance of nuts in the daily diet for prevention of cardiovascular diseases”, Ernahrungs-Umschan, 49(12), Pp.44-48.

Brindle, P., Madonna, R. and Massaro (2006), “Accuracy and impact of risk assessment in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease : a systematic review”, Heart, 92 : 1752.

British Heart Foundation, (2007), Coronary heart disease statistics, P.10.



140

Broeckel, U.C., Hengstenberg, C. and Mayer, B. (2002), “ A comprehensive linkage analysis for myocardial infarction and its related risk factors, Nature genetics, 30, 210 – 214.

Brooke, P.E. and Mastin, P. (2004), Air pollution contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease, Journal of cardiovascular toxicology, Vol.3, P.23.

Burke, L.E., Hudson, A.G., Warziski, M.J., Styn, M.A., Music, E., Elci, O.U. and Sereika, S.M. (2008), “Effects of a vegetarian diet and treatment preference on biochemical and dietary variables in overweight and obese adults”, Pp.106.

Carrero, J.J., Fonolla, J., Marti, J.W. and Jimenez, J. (2007), “Intake of Mediterranean diet in patients in a cardiac rehabitilation program”, The Journal of Nutrition, 137(2), Pp.384-390.

Caterina, R.D., Zampolli, A., Turco, S.D., Madonna, R. and Massaro, M. (2006), “Nutritional mechanisms that influence cardiovascular disease”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition,83,421-426S.

Chakravarthy, M.V., Gordon, S.E. and Spangenburg, E.E. (2002), Waging war on physical inactivity, Journal of Applied physiology,93,1,3-30.

Changhua, S., Shiolang, S and Fu, M. (2005), “Analysis of the relation of Body Mass Index with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia is functionaries in Shenzhen city”, China Tropical Medicine, Pp. 369-1370.

Chathurvedi, S. and Bhargava, C. (2007), Health and Allied Themes, Am. Heart Hosp. J., 5, 32–37. 3.

Choi, B.C. (2005), “An international comparison of women’s occupational health issues in the Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Canada, Hong Kong and Singapore : The CIDA – SEAGEP study”, Occup. Med. (Lond), 55 (7) : 515-525.



141

Claude, E.S. and Chang, P.S. (2002), “Vegetarianism – a different perspective”, British Journal of Cardiology, 76(4), Pp.35-39

Cletland, J.V., Schmidt, D.M., Dwyer, T. and Jven, A. (2008), “Television viewing and abdominal obesity in young adults”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 87:1148-1155.

Cohen, H.W. and Alderman, M.H. (2007), Impact of dietary sodium an Cardiovascular Disease morbidity and mortality, Department of Epidemiology and social medicine, P.1046.

Connor, B.E. and Khaw, T.K. (2006), “Family history of stroke as an independent predictor of ischemic heart disease in men and stroke in women”, American Journal of Epidemiology, 123(1), Pp.59-66.

Cook, N.R., Cutler, J.A. and Appel, S.K. (2009), “Long term effects of dietary sodium reduction of cardiovascular disease outcomes : observational follow up of the trials of hypertension prevention”, Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews,77(9), Pp.570-578.

Coulston, A.M. (2008), Cardiovascular disease risk in women with diabetes needs attention, American Journal of Lifestyle medicine, 2,3, 191- 213.

Dalstra, J., AKunst, A.E., Borrel, C., Breeze, E., Camboris, E. and Costa, G. (2005), Socio Economic difference in the prevalence of common chronic disease, International Journal of Epidemiology, 34, 316 – 326.

Daniel, C.R., Prabhakaran, D., Kapur, K., Graubard, B.I., Devasenapathi, N., George, P.S., Shetty, H., Ferrucci, L.M., Ramakrishnan, L., Yurgalevitchi, S., Chatterjee, N., Reddy, K.S., Rastogi, T., Gupta, B.C., Mathew, A. and Sinha, R. (2011), “A cross-sectional investigation of regional patterns of diet and cardio-metabolic risk in India”, Nutrition Journal, 10 (12) : 1475-2891.



142

Das, S.K., Sanyal, K. and Banu, A. (2005), Study of urban community survey in India, growing trend of high prevalence of Hypertension In developing country, International Journal Medical Science, Vol.2, Pp.70-78.

Dauchet, L., Guyot, E.S., Czernichow, S., Bertrais, S., Estaquio, C. and Peneau, S., (2007). “Dietary patterns and blood pressure change over 5-y follow up in the Su. VI Max Cohert”, Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 85 : 1650-1656.

Devrim, E. and Durak, I. (2007), “Garlic plays important role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease”, Transworld Research Network, Pp.7-11 ISBN 81-7895-266-271.

Devrim, E., Aetug, M. and Durak, I. (2007), “Tomato and grape cardiovascular health in nutraceuticals and natural product in cardiovascular disease”, Cancer and Hemorhoids, Transworld Research Network, 17(20), Pp. 17-20.

Donaltella, B. and Rebecca, J. (2005), Health, The basics, San Francisco Pearson education, 6th edition, Pp.52-53.

Dragland, S. (2003), Several culinary and medicinal herbs – Source of Antioxidants, Journal of Nutrition, 133, 1286 – 1290.

Duttaroy, A.K. (2008), “Anti-thrombotic properties of tomato”, Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, 78(2), P.136.

Enas, E.A., Chacko, V., Pazhoor, S.G., Chennikkara, H. and Devarapalli,H.P. (2007), Dylipidemia in South Asian patients, Current Atherosclerosis report, 9, 367 – 374.E

Enas, A. ( 2009), Appropriate weight management - Recommendations of the second Indo – US Heart Summit, Indian Heart Journal, 61, 265-274

Etherton, K.M.D. (1999), “Mono unsaturated fatty acid and risk of cardiovascular disease”, Journal of Nutrition, 100, Pp.1253-1258.



143

Farwell, W.R., Sesso, H.D.H.D., Buring, J.E. and Gaziano, J.M. (2005), “Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol versus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol as a risk factor for a first non-fatal myocardial infraction”, American Journal of Cardiology, Pp.1129-1134.

Ferrari, P.N., Slimani, A., Ciampi, A., Trichopoulou, A., Naska, C., Lauria, F., Veglia, H.B., Buenode-Mesquita, M.C., Ocke, M., Brustad, T., Braaten, M., José Tormo, P., Amiano, I., Mattisson, G., Johansson, A., Welch, G., Davey, K., Overvad, A., Tjønneland, F., Clavel-Chapelon, A., Thiebaut, J., Linseisen, H., Boeing, B., Hemon and E Riboli. (2002), Evaluation of under- and overreporting of energy intake in the 24-hour diet recalls in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Public Health Nutrition 5:1329-1345.

Finken, M.J.J., Inderson, A., Montfort, N., Vankizzer-ven, M.G., Weert, A.W. and Carfil, N. (2006), “Lipid profile and coronary intima media thickness”, Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, 76(6), P.838.

Fogoros, N.R. (2009), “Women and the risk factors of heart disease”, British Journal of Epidemiology, 70(12), Pp.460-462.

Forman, D. and Bulwer, B.E. (2007), Cardiovascular Disease accounts for almost 50% of all deaths in Industralized nations, American Journal of Medicine, Vol.120 (9), Pp.598-603.

Fung, T.T., Rimm, E.B. and Spiegelman, D. (2001), Association between dietary patterns and plasma biomarkers of obesity and cardiovascular disease risk. Am J Clin Nutr.;73:61–7.

Gaziano, A.T. (2008), “Know your risk : but how ?”, Indian Journal of Medical Research, 128, Pp.221-224.

Ghaffar, A., Reddy, K. and Singh, M. (2004), Burden of Non communicable diseases in South Asia, British Medical Journal, 328, 807 – 810.



144

Ghafoorunisa, B. and Kamala, K. (2007), “Diet and heart disease”, NIN Publications, ICMR Hyderabad, 2009, Pp.72-73.

Gibbs, C.R., Lip, G.Y. and Beevers, D.G. (2000), Salt and cardiovascular disease: Clinical and epidemiological evidence, Journal of Cardiovascular risk, 2000, 7: 9 - 13.

Gopalan, C., Sastri, R. and Balasubramanian, S.C. (2007), “Nutritive value of Indian foods”, National Institute of Nutrition, ICMR, Hyderabad.

Gordon, N.F., Salmon, R.D. and Franklin, B.A. (2004), Effectiveness of therapeutic lifestyle changes in patients with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and/or hyperglycemia. Am J Cardiol;94(12):1558-61.

Goyal and Yusuf (2006), Cardiovascular Disease burden in Indian sub continent, Indian Journal of Medical Research, Vol.124(9), Pp.235-244.

Goyal, P., Shailaja, C.K., Chaudry, R., Chauhan, S. and Shah, N. (2007), “Association of common chronic infections with coronary artery disease in patients without any conventional risk factors”, The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 125, Pp.129-136.

Grundy,S,M, Bazzare ,T, Cleeman,J (2000), Prevention conference : beyond secondary prevention, Circulation, 101, E3 – E11

Grundy, S.M. (2007), Primary prevention of coronary heart disease: Integrating risk assessment with intervention, Circulation, 100, 988- 998.

Gu,S., Gupta, P., Muntner, S., Hu, S. and Duan, X. (2005), Prevention of cardiovascular disease risk factors clustering among the adult population of China, Circulation, 112,658 – 665.

Gupta, I., Kandemuthan, S. and Devmani (2006), Economic Impact of Cardiovascular Disease in India, Upadhgaya Institute of Economic growth, Pp.63-66.



145

Gupta, R. (2000), Burden of Coronary Heart Disease in India, MoniIek Hospital and Research Center, Annuals of Internal Medicine,Vol.13 (9), Pp.214,419.

Gupta, R. (2004), Burden of coronary heart disease in India, Indian Heart J 632 - 638.

Gupta, R., Joshi, P., Mohan, V., Reddy, K.S. and Yusuf, S. (2008), “Global burden of cardiovascular disease”, Epidemiology and Causation of Coronary Heart Disease and Stroke in India, The Heart, 95, Pp.16-26.

Hata, Y., Muratani, H., Kimura, Y., Fukiyama, K., Kawano, Y., Ashida, T., Yokouchi, M., Imai, Y., Ozawa, T., Fujii, J. and Omae, T. (2002), Office blood pressure variability as a predictor of acute myocardial infarction in elderly patients receiving antihypertensive therapy. J Hum Hypertens. 16: 141–146.

Hawkes, C. (2006), Uneven dietary development: Linking the policies and processes of globalization with the nutrition, transition, obesity and diet - related chronic disease, Global Health, 2:4.

Hayes, S. (2007), understanding heart and blood vessels conditions, American Journal of preventive medicine, Vol.32 (1), P.112.

Hedley, P. (2004), “Behavioural risk factor surveillance system” Prevalence of Heart Disease – United States, 56(6), P. 113.

Heidemann, C., Schulze, M.B., Franco, O.H., Dam, R.M., Mantzoros, C.S. and Hu, F.B. (2008), Dietary patterns and risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all causes in a prospective cohort of women. Circulation.; 118; 230-237.

Hill, D., Nishida, C. and James, W.P. (2004), A life course approach to diet, nutrition and prevention of chronic diseases, Public Health Nutrition, 7, 101– 121.



146

Holmes, D.T., Schick, B.A., Humphires, K.H. and Frohlich, J. (2005), Lipoprotein(a) Is an Independent Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease

in Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia,Clinical Chemistry. 51, 9, 2067-2073.

Hotchkiss, J. ( 2009), Association of body mass index, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio with mortality in the scottish health surveys, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health , 63 (Suppl II):A1–A36. A21.

Howard, B.V., Hom, L.V., Hsia, J., Manson, B.V., Marcia, L. and Stefanic, J. (2006), Low fat dietary pattern and risk for cardiovascular disease, women’s health initiative randomized controlled dietary modification trail, journal of American medical association, Vol.295 (12), Pp. 655 - 66.

Hu, F.B., Bronner, L., Willett, W.C., Stampfer, M.J., Rexrodea, K.M., Albert, C.M., Hunter, D. and Manson, J.E. (2002), “Fish and omega-3 fatty acid intake and risk of coronary heart disease in women”, Journal of the American Medical Association, 287(14), Pp.1815-1821.

Hwang, S.J., Presis, S.R. and Pencina, M.J. (2009), “Trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors in individuals with and without diabetes mellitus in the Framingham heart study”, Circulation, 120, Pp. 212-220.

Ingelson, E., Arnlov, J., Sundstrom, J., Zethelius, B., Vessby, B. and Lind, L. (2006), “Novel metabolic risk factor for heart failure, Journal of American College of Cardiology”, 46(11), Pp.2054-2060.

Jahangeer, C., Khan, H. and Khan, N.M. (2010), The effect of risk factors in cardiovascular disease in Mauritius, American Medical Journal,1,1, 46-50.

Jenkins, D.J.A., Kendall, C.W.C., Faulkner, D.A., Kemp, T., Marchie, A., Nguyen, T.H., Wong, J.M.W. and Singer (2007), “Long term effect of a plant based dietary portfolio of cholesterol lowering foods on blood pressure”, Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 62 (6) : 781-8.



147

Jensen. (1997), “Women and heart Disease: the Issues. “Critical Care Nurse 17(2) 45-52.

Jensen, M.K., Banarjee, P., Hu, F.B. and Rimm, E.B. (2008), Intake of whole grains, bran and germ among men with Coronary Heart Disease, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 80, 69, 1492 – 1499.

Jimenez, F., Ruano, J., Peroz-Martinez, P., Lopez-Segura, F. and Lopez-Miranda, J. (2008), “The influence of olive oil on human health, not a question of fat alone”, Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 51(10), Pp.1199-1208.

Jiu, W.S.Y., Dong, C. and Yin, S. (2010), “Role of nutrition intervention in the treatment of hypertension”, J Med Assoc. Thai, 39(1):116-119.

Kan, H.R., Stevans, J., Heiss, S. and Rose, K.M. (2008), “Dietary fibre intake and retinol vascular caliber in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study”, Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, 78(4), P.52.

Kanaiza, C., Volege, M. and Natella, F. (2007), Coffee drinking induces incorporation of phenolic acids into LDL and increases the resistance of LDL to ex vivo oxidation in humans, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 86, 10, Pp 604-609.

Karanja, N., Lancaster, K.J., Vollmer, W.M., Lin, P.H., Most, M.M., Ard, J.D., Swain, J.F., Sacks, F.M. and Obarzanek, R. (2007), “Acceptability of sodium reduced research diets, including the dietary approaches to stop hypertension diet, among adults with prehypertension and stage I hypertension”, Journal of American Dietetic Association,107(9), Pp.1530-1538.

Karger, A.G., Stender, S., Dyerberg, J. and Astrup (2007), Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease, Journal of America Medical Association, Vol.18 (2), P.178.



148

Katan, M.B. (2000). Transfatty acids and plasma lipoproteins, Nutrition Reviews, 58: 188 – 191.

Katches, K., John, C. and Clever, B. (2008), “C-reactive protein and changes in blood lipids”, Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, 43(1), P.34.

Katzmarzyk, P.T. and Janssen, I. ( 2004), The economic costs associated with physical inactivity and obesity in Canada: an update, Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology, 29,1, 90 – 115.

Kaur, M.P. (2005), “High cholesterol as a predictor of coronary heart disease risk”, Journal of Experimental Zoology, 8(1), Pp.165-168.

Khol, H.W. (2001), Physical activity and cardiovascular disease, Evidence for a dose response, Medical Science of Sports Exercise, Vol.33, Pp. S472 - S483.

Kim, S.Y., Guevara, J.P., Kim, K.M., Choi, H.K., Heitjan, D.F. and Albert, D.A. (2010), “Hyperuricemia and coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis”, Arthritis Care Research, 62(2), Pp. 170-180.

Knypl, K. (2001), “Overweight and obesity as therapeutic problems”, Medycyna Rodzinna, 4(12), Pp.23-26.

Kotha, G.N. (2006), “Women and increasing cardiovascular disease”, American Journal of Cardiology, 71(11), Pp.1123-1128.

Kothari, C.R. (2009), “Research methodology methods and techniques”, Second Edition, Published by New Age International (P) Limited, Pp. 101-108.

Krishnan, A., Shah, B., Yadav, K., Singh, R., Mathur, P. and Paul, E. (2007), Are the urban poor vulnerable to non – communicable diseases, The National Medical Journal of India, 2.0, 115 – 120.



149

Kritchersky, B.S. (1999), “Beta carotene, carotenols and the prevention of coronary heart disease”, The Journal of Nutrition, 129(1), Pp.5-8.

Kum, J.J., Kim, J.C., Kang, M.J., Lee, M.S., Kim, J.J. and Cha, I.J. (2005), “Effects of pinitol isolated from soyabeans on glycaemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in Korean patients with type II diabetes mellitus”, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 59(3), Pp.456-458.

Kuo, H.K., Yen, C.J. and Bean, J.F. (2006), “Levels of homocysteine are inversely associated with cardiovascular fitness in women-data from the National health and Nutritional examination survey”, Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, 76(6), P.841.

Kutty, R., Balakrishnan, V., Jaya, K.V., Shree, A.K. and Thomas, J. (2007), “Prevalence of coronary heart disease in rural population”, International Journal of Cardiology, 39, Pp.59-70.

Lee, I.M., Cook, N.R., Manson, J.E. and Buring, J. (2002), “Randomized -carotene supplementation and incidence of cancer and cardiovascular disease in women is the association modified by baseline plasma level”, British Journal of Cancer, 86(5), Pp.698-701.

Leenen, F.H., McInnis, N.H. and Fodor, G. (2010), “Obesity and the prevalence and management of hypertension in Ontario, Canada”, American Journal of Hypertension, 23 (9): 1000-1006.

Liang, W., Lee, A.H. and Binns, C.W. (2011), “Dietary intake of minerals and the risk of ischemic stroke in Guangdong province, China 2007-2008”, Prev. Chron. Dis., 8 (2): 628-681.

Lichtenstein, A. (1998), Soya protein , isoflavones and cardiovascular disease risk, Journal of Nutrition, 128, 1589 – 1592.

Lichtenstein, A.H., Lawrence, J., Appel, M.D., Brands, S., Daniels, S., Franch, H.A., Franklin, B., Etherton,P., Harris, W.S., Howard, B., Karanja, N.



150

,Lefevre,P, Rudel, L, Sacks, F, Horn,L.H, Winston, M and Rosett,J,W, 2006, Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations Revision 2006 , A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee, Circulation,114,6, 82-96.

Lioyd-Jones,D,M, Leip, P.E, Larson, M.A,Beiser, A, Agostino, R,B, Peter, W.F, Wilson ,M.D, Philip,A, Leny,D,L (2006), Prediction of lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease by risk factor burden at 50 years of age, Circulation, 113, 791 – 798

Mahan,K,L and Stump,S,E ( 2008), Krause’s Food and Nutrition Therapy, Medical Nutrition Thearpy for Cardiovascular Diseases, 1, 13,823 – 831.

Manjari, V., Suresh, Y., Sailaja Devi, M.M. and Das, U.N. (2005), “Oxidant stress, anti-oxidants and essential fatty acids in South Indian vegetarians and non-vegetarians”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 64(1), Pp. 53-59.

Marcus,H., Williams, D,M, Dubbert,J.F and King, A.C ( 2006), Physical activity intervention studies : what we know and what we need to know, Circulation, 114, 2739 – 2752.

Masella, R., Giovannini, C., Vari, R., Benedetto, R., Coni, E., Volpe, R., Fraone, N. and Bucci, A. (2002), “Effects of dietary virgin olive oil phenols on low density lipoprotein oxidation in hyperlipidemic patients lipids”, 36(11), Pp.1195-1202.

Mayer, J. (2003), “Dietary fat and cardiovascular disease risk: Quantity or quality , Journal of Women’s Health, 12,2, Pp 109 – 114.

Maziak, W., Rastan, S., Zayak, F.M., Heisenberg, K.D.T. and Jeil, Y. (2007), Cardiovascular health any adults in Syria, a model from developing countries, journal of annuals epidemiology, Vol.16 (3), P.214.



151

Meena, V., Dave, J., VAidya, M., Maheswari, R. and Narang, S. (2008), “Effect of complete antioxidant tablet on plasma antioxidant and uric acid levels in obese and alcoholic hypertensive patients”, Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, 78(2), P.256.

Mellen, F.B., Bronner, L., Willett, W.C. and Hunter, D. (2007), “Effect of whole grain consumption on common carotid artery and intima media thickness, its reflection on coronary heart disease”, Journal of American Medical Association, 278(41), Pp. 310-319.

Merchant, A.T., Keleman, L.E., Koning, L.D.E., Ionn, E., Vuksan, V. and Anand, S.S. (2008), “Interrelation of saturated fat, total fat, alcohol intake and subclinical Atherosclerosis”, Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, 78(6), P. 811.

Mgintyre, M., Nicolosi, R.J. and Wilson, T.A. (2001), “Centre for health sciences, Health promotion and public health, Department of health and clinical sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell: Nutr Health Ageing, 5(3): 184-187.

Mishra, A., Chowbey, P. and Makkas, B. (2009), Consensus statement for diagnosis of obesity for Asian Indians, Journal of the Association of Physician of India, 57,163 –170.

Mitra, A., Pradhan, R. and Mukherje, S. (2009), “Importance of heart-healthy diet”, Journal of Human Ecology, Pp.53-61.

Mohan, V., Deepa, M., Farooq, S., Prabhakaran, P. and Reddy, S.K. (2008), “Surveillance for risk factors of cardiovascular disease among an industrial population in Southern India”, The National Medical Journal of India, 21(1), Pp.4-8.

Mohanty,R., Ghosh, K., Khare, A. and Kulkarni, B. (2004), “Thrombophilia in coronary artery disease: A double jeopardy”, The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 120, Pp.13-23.



152

Montalcini, T., Gorgone, G., Federico, D., Ceravolo, R., Emanuelle, V., Sesti, G., Perticone, F. and Pujia, A. (2006), “Association of low density lipoprotein cholesterol with carotid atherosclerosis in menopausal women affected by the metabolic syndrome”, Nutrition Metabolism and cardiovascular diseases, 15(5):308-372.

Mori, T.A., Bacun, L. and Beilin, L.J. (2001), Long- chain omega 3 fatty acids, blood lipids and cardiovascular risk reduction, current opinion in Lipidology, 2001, 12: 11-17.

Most, M.M., Tulley, R., Morales, S. and Lefevre, M. (2005), “Rice bran oil, not fibre, lower cholesterol in humans”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 81(1), Pp.64-68.

Mozaffarian, D., Abdollachi, M., Campos, H., Houshiarrod, A. and Willet, W.C.

(2007), “Consumption of trans fats and estimated effects on coronary

heart disease in Iran”, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Pp.

1004-1010. Mozaffarian,D, Peter,W.F, Wilson,M.D and Kannel,M.D ( 2008), Contemporary

reviews in cardiovascular medicine, Circulation,117,3031-3038

Murugesan, P.T. and Ramadas, V.S. (2008), “Incidence of cardiovascular risk factors among selected adult population consuming different types of fats and oils”, Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics, 18(9), Pp.14.

Myint, Z., Ye Tint Lwin, Aye Aye Win, Hay Mar Hpor, Mg Mg Myint, Mya Mya Win, Lwin Lwin Maw, Myint Ky Aye and Soe Nin Therin (2001), Relationship between waist hip ratio and cardiovascular risk factors among people in South Dagon township”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 86(2), Pp. 79-82.

National Cholesterol Education Program (2002), “Expert panel on Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)”, Final Report, 106:3143.



153

National Cholesterol Education Programme (2005), Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III), Journal of American Medical Association, . 2001;285(19):2486-2497

Nelson, K.M., Reiber, G. and Boyko, E.J. (2002), Diet and Exercise among adults with type 2 diabetes, Diabetes care,25, 1722 – 1728.

Neutel, C.I. and Camphel, N.R.C. (2008), Changes in lifestyle after hypertension diagnosis in China, Canadian Journal of cardiology, Vol.24 (3), Pp.199-204.

North, C.J., Vener, C.S. and Kerling, J.C. (2009), “The effect of dietary fibre on C-reactive protein, an inflammation marker predicting cardiovascular disease”, Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, 63(8), Pp.921-933.

North, C.T., Yusuf, K.M. and Robert, T.S. (2009), “Economic productivity and lifestyle disorders”, British Journal of Epidemiology, 42(1), Pp.465-468.

Olszanecki, R., Jawieri, J., Gaida, M., MAteuszuk, L., Gebska, A., Korabiowska, M., Chlopicki, S. and Korbut, R. (2005), Effect of curcumin on atherosclerosis in apoE/LDLR-double knockout mice" Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 21(3), 17 – 21.

Pande, R. (2004), “Cardiovascular disease in India and the impact of life style and food habits”, Indian Express Newspapers (Mumbai, India), Health Care Management., 23(6),10.

Parikh, S. (2009), Preventing and healing heart disease in women, Max health care and a health columnist, archives of International Medicine, 20(1), P.132.

Parkand, L., Mobasseri, S., Libron, P.R. and klein, L.W. (2008), Cardiovascular Disease in women, Awareness, Prevention and psychosocial characteristics, Heart Drug, 3, Pp.191-202.



154

Pettee, K.K., Kriska, Conroy, M.B., Jonhson, B.D., Orchard, B.D., Pasters, B.H., Frani, M., Averbach, R.D. and Kuller, L.H. (2007), Effect on Cardiovascular Disease risk with lifestyle changes, American journal of Preventive medicine, vol.32 (6), Pp.214, 419.Plutzky J. 2001, Inflammatory pathways in atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndromes. Am J Cardiol; 88: 10K–15K.

Philip,T.E.(2009), Modern Cookery for teaching and the trade 8th Edition. Orientlongman Ltd., 1, 161-164.

Plutzky ,J ( 2001), Is hyperglycemia a casual factor in Cardiovascular disease, American Journal of Endocrinology and metabolism, 281, E924 – E930.

Porter, V. (2007), Depression and stress hit hand on the heart, annuals of the American Psychotherapy Association, 40, Pp.129.

Queenan, K.M. and Stewart, M.L. (2007), “Concentrated and -glucan – a fermentable fibre, lowers serum cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic adults in randomized controlled trail”, Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, 77(11), P.89.

Rahimi, A.R.O., Mahnwodpoor, A. and Sanaie, S. (2008), “The effect of high calcium and high potassium diet on grade I hypertension and high normal blood pressure”, Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 23(4), Pp. 589-592.

Raju, P.S. (1997), “Influence of intensive yoga training on physiological changes in adult women: a case report”, “Journal of alternative and complementary medicine 3(3), 291.

Ramachandran, A. (2004), “Diabetes and Obesity– The Indian angle”, The Journal of Medical Research, 120, Pp.437-439.

Rana, L.T and Manson, J. (2006), obesity as compared with physical activity in predicting risk of coronary heart disease in women circulation, Vol113, Pp. 499 - 506.



155

Rana, J.S. and Manson, J.E. (2007), Adiposity compared with physical inactivity and risk of type 2 diabetes in Women, Diabetes Care,30,1, 53 – 58.

Ranheim, T. and Halvorson, B. (2005), “Coffee consumption and human health beneficial or detrimental? Mechanisms for effects of coffee consumption on different risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus”, Molecular Nutrition and Food Research, 49(3), Pp.274-284.

Rasmussen, M., Vasitupa, M. and Bergland, L. (2006), Effects if dietary saturated, menosaturated and n-3 fatty acids on blood pressure in healthy subjects, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 83(2), Pp. 221 - 226.

Ridker, P.M., Robert, J., Glynn, S.D., Charles, H. and Hennekens, S. (2000), C-Reactive Protein Adds to the Predictive Value of Total and HDL Cholesterol in Determining Risk of First Myocardia Infarction,Prevention Conference V: beyond secondary prevention: identifying the high risk patient for primary prevention: medical office assessment. Circulation., 101: e3–e11.

Robert, B. (2004), “Women and cardiovascular disease, A global perspective”, The Heart, 32(2), Pp.6,7.

Roger, S.S. and Menthal, B. (2006), “Limitations of current cardiovascular risk assessment strategies in women”, Journal of Women’s Health, 55, Pp.54-56.

Rissam, H.S., Kishore, S. and Trehan, N. (2010), Coronary Artery Disease in young Indians – The missing link, Journal of Indian Academy of Clinical Nutrition, 83, 1265 – 1271.

Rudolph, T.K., Roempler, K., Schwedhelm, E., Tanandresen, J., Riederer, U., Boger, R.H. and Maas, R. (2007), “Acute effects of various fast-food meals on vascular function and cardiovascular disease risk markers: the



156

Hamburg Burger Trial”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 86(2), Pp.334-346.

Rugg, S.S., Bailey, H.L. and Brown, S.R. (2008), Preventing cardiovascular disease in Ketucky – epidemiological trends, Journal of American Medical Association, 106, 149 – 161.

Sato, F., Tamora, Y., Watada, H., Kumashiro, N., Igarashi, Y., Uchinc, H., Machara, T., Kyogoku, S., Sunayama, S., Sato, H., Hirose, T., Tanoka, Y. and Kawamori, R. (2007), “Effects of diet-induced moderate weight reduction on intraheptic and intramyocellular triglycerides and glucose metabolism in obese subjects”, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Pp.3326-3329.

Savitri, K.K., Hussain, A.E., Amin, D., Morhllaro, E. and West, B. (2006), “Cardiovascular disease risk factors in 2 distinct ethnic groups : Indian and Pakistani compared with American menopausal women”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 69(4), Pp.621-631.

Schoenstad, R. (2008), “Common cardio vascular Disease Types: Circulation, 115,3,43 – 46.

Schroder, H., Masabeu, A., Martin, J. and Cols, M. (2008), “Myocardial infarction and alcohol consumption : a population based control study”, Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, 77(12), Pp.34-38.

Sehestededa, T., Michael, H.C., Steen, Z., Abildstroma, E., Rasmussen, B. and Jørgena, J. (2007), Measures of overweight and obesity and risk of cardiovascular disease : a population based study, European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation ,17, 4, Pp 486-490

Sharma, M. and Ganguly, N.K. (2005), “Premature coronary artery disease in Indians and its associated risk factors”, Indian Council of Medical Research, 1(3), Pp.217-225.



157

Sharma, J.N. (2007), Research Methodology – The discipline and its dimensions, Deep and Deep Publications pvt Ltd.

Sharma, S.K., Gupta, V., Kadhiravan, T., Banga, A., Seitha, A., Kumar, A., Saxena, R., Thabah, M.M., Gulati, V., Bhatia, I. and Kavimandan, A.A. (2009), “A prospective study of risk factors profile and incidence of deep venous thrombosis among medically-ill hospitalized patients at a tertiary care hospital in northern India”, J Postgrad Med., 11(4), Pp.223-225.

Singh, R.B., Niaz, M.A., Ghosh, S., Sing, R. and Rastogi, S.S. (2003), “Effect on mortality and reinfarction of adding fruits and vegetables to a prudent diet in the Indian experiment of infarct survival”, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 12(3), Pp. 255-261.

Song, Y.Q., Manson, J.E., Cook, N.R., Albert, C.M., Buring, J.E. and Liu, S.M. (2006), “Dietary magnesium intake and risk of cardiovascular disease among women”, American Journal of Cardiology, Pp.1135-1141.

Sriratanaviriyakul, N., Kangkagate, C. and Krittayaphong, R. (2010), “Prevalence and association of ECG findings and cardiovascular risk factor in Shinawatra employees”, J Med. Assoc. Thai., 89(1), Pp. 109-115.

Stampfer, M.J. (2000), “Primary prevention of coronary heart disease in women through diet and life style’, N. Engl. J. Med., 343: 16-22.

Stampher, M.H., Hu, F.B. and Manson, J.E. (2000), Maternal and Paternal history of myocardial infarction and the risk of cardiovascular disease, Circulation, 104, 393 – 398.

Steinberger, B., Stephen, R. and Daniel (2003), “Prevention of Pediatric Over weight and obesity”, American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Nutrition Pediatrics, Vol.112, Pp.424-430.



158

Strychar, I., Cohn, J.S., Reniner, G., Rivard, M., Aris-Jilwan, N., Beauregard, H., Meltzer, S., Belanger, A., Dumas, R., Ishac, A., Radwan, F. and Yale, J.F. (2009), Effects of a diet higher in carbohydrate / lower in fat versus lower in carbohydrate / higher in monounsaturated fat on triglyceride concentrations and other cardiovascular risk factors in type I diabetes Pp., The American Diabetes Association Research Center, Pp.1597-1599.

Sturm, R. (2005), Childhood obesity,What we can learn from existing data on societal trends, part-2,prev chronic Dis.2(2): A20.

Sudha, S., Tandon, R.V. and Mahajan, A. (2008), “Menopause and cardiovascular disease”, Journal of Medical Education and Research, 10(1), Pp.8-16.

Suri, S. (2008), Diet and life style management of degenerative disease, American Journal of preventive medicine, Vol.18(3), P. 398.

Thom, T. (2006), “Heart disease and stroke statistics, Update from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee”, 113, p. 85.

Thomson, V.S., John, B., George, P., Joseph, G. and Jose, J. (2009), “Aspirin resistance in Indian patients with coronary artery disease and cardiovascular events”, J Postgrad. Med., 55(4), Pp.252-256.

Toobert, D.J., Stryker, L.A., Glasgow, R.E., Barrera, M. and Bagdade, J.D. (2002) Enhancing support for health behavior change among women at risk for heart disease, the Mediterranean lifestyle trial, Health Education Research, 17,5,574 – 589.

Trehan, N. (2007), “Cardiovascular disease trends in India”, The Heart, 71(2), Pp.13-16.

Turnbull, F., Neal, B., Algert, C., Arima, H. and Algert, C., (2008), “Effects of different regimens to lower blood pressure on major cardio vascular events in older and younger adults”, BMJ, 336 (7653) : 1121-3.



159

Vaz, M., Rebecca, K., Gopinath, N. and Kurpad, A.V. (2005), Use of rice bran oil in patients with hyperlipidemia, Update from the American Heart Statistics Committee, 292 – 296.

Vlachopoulos, C.V., Vyssoulis, G.G., Alexpoulos, N.A., Zervoudaki, A.I., Pietri, P.G., Aznaourids, K.A. and Stefandis, C.I. (2007), “Effect of chronic coffee consumption on aortic stiffness and wave reflections in hypertensive patients”, Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, 77(9), Pp. 5715.

Voutilainen, S.T., Nurmi, J., Mursu, T. and Rissanen, H. (2006), Carotenoids and cardiovascular health, American Society of Nutrition, 83, 1265 – 1271.

Wald, D.S., Law, M. and Morris, M.K. (2002), Homocysteine and cardiovascular disease:evidence on causality from a metaanalysis, British Medical Journal,325, 23, 12 – 16.

Wang, X.B., Qixian Hui, Demirtas, H. and Ping, L. (2009), “Efficacy of folic acid supplementation in stroke prevention”, Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, 9, P.36.

Weir, L.A., Etelson, D. and Brand, D.A. (2006), Parent’s perception of neighbourhood safety cchildren’s physical activity, Journal of Preventive Medicine, 43,3, Pp 212 – 217.

Welty, I.K., Leek, S., Lew, N.S. and Zhou, J.R. (2007), “Effect of soynuts on blood pressure and lipid levels in hypertensive, prehypertensive and normotensive postmenopausal women”, Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, 77(9), P.213.

Wenger, N. (2004), You have come a long way, baby, Cardiovasular Health and Disease in Women, problems and Prospects, Circulation,109, 558-560.



160

Winkelmayer, W.C., Willett, W.C. and Curhan, G.C. (2006), “Habitual caffeine intake and the risk of hypertension in women, Journal of the American Medical Association”, 294(18), Pp.2330-2335.

Welty, I.K., Leek, S., Lew, N.S. and Zhou, J.R. (2007), “Effect of soynuts on blood pressure and lipid levels in hypertensive, prehypertensive and normotensive postmenopausal women”, Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, 77(9), P.213.

Williams, R.B. (2001), “Hostility: Effects on health and the potential for successful behavioural approaches to prevention and treatment”, Handbook of Health Psychology, 2 : 53-62.

Wilson, F., Peter, W. and Schaefer, J.E. (2003), “Impact of Body Mass Index on coronary heart disease risk factors in men and women”, American Journal of Cardiology, 18(2), Pp.213-218.

Wilson, T.A., Mchntrgre, M. and Nicolosi, R.J (2001), “Centre for health sciences, Health promotion and public health, Department of health and clinical sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell: Nutr Health Agining, 5(3): 184-187.

Xavier, S. (2008), India to carry majority of world’s heart disease burden by 2010”, Journal of American Dietetic Association, 123,7, 1423-1435.

Yamashita, K., Tasaki, H., Nagai, Y., Sozuka, H., Niher, S., Kobayashi, K., Horiuchi, M., Nakashima, Y. and Aachi, T. (2005), “Experimental hyperchomocysteinemia impairs coronary flow reserve”, International Journal of Cardiology, 104(2), Pp.163-169.

Yusuf, S. (2000), Vitamin E supplementation and cardiovascular events in high - risk patients, The heart outcomes prevention evolution study investigations, New England Journal of medicine,342 : 154 – 160.



161

Yusuf, S., Reddy, S., Ounpur, S. and Anand, S. (2001), Global burden of CardiovascularDisease, Ciruclaion, American Heart Association, Vol.104, P.2855.

Zaloga, G.P., Stillerll, K.A. and Siggigui, W. (2006), Clintee nutrition one baxter pack way, peer field, Nutr.Clin. Prac 2006; 21 (5): 505 - 512.

Zusta, I.A., Hoyos, I., Zusta, J.I., Ruiz, F., Diaz, E. and Gil, J. (2007), “Increased cardiovascular risk associated with poor nutritional habits”, Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews, 77, P.11.

Results and Discussion BIBLIOGRAPHY -...

Documents

Transcript of Results and Discussion BIBLIOGRAPHY -...