Restructuring Japanese Business Models in Global...
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Restructuring Japanese Business Models in Global ArenaModels in Global Arena
Kiyoshi KobayashiKiyoshi KobayashiGraduate School of Management
Kyoto University
USJI WorkshopMarch 20 2013March 20, 2013
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Economic GrowthEconomic Growth
• OECD 1 68% twice in 2050OECD 1.68% twice in 2050• Non-OECD 2.47% five times in
20502050
• 185 countries will become middle class co ntries among 224 co ntries andcountries among 224 countries and regions
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• 20th century world economic regimepolarization : few developed countries andpo a at o e de e oped cou t es a d
many developing countries
• 21st century world economic regimey ga large number of middle class counties competing each other to transformcompeting each other to transform toward developed countries
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• 20th century regime• 20th century regimecomparative advantage of developed countries:
knowledge production, product cycle theory
• 21st century regimeglobalization of knowledge workers marketsdiminishing comparative advantage in knowledge production
between developed countries and developing countriesp p g
What is the comparative advantage of developed countries?What is the comparative advantage of developed countries?
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Business ModelBusiness Model
• Middle income population of developing countries will be 1.2billionby 2030. Larger y gthan the total population of US, EU, and JapanJapan
• Model a: one-size-fits-all standard
• Model b: one-finds-own-size standard
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Commoditization
GalapagosizationGalapagosization
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ArchitectureArchitecture
M d l f hit t• Modular form architecture• Because the module that is part of each has
f t lf t i d b t l f d d tfeatures a self-contained, but also formed a product gather a posteriori the parts that had been designed separately in advance it is a product worthy as aseparately in advance, it is a product worthy as a whole.
• integral architecture• integral architecture• The delicate balance between the parts as a result
of a number of inter-granular design parametersof a number of inter granular design parameters were adjusted to provide the product as a total system.
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T d t t th t h l ith fi t i• To demonstrate the technology with fine tuning Japanese companies, has created the world's preeminent Integral product.p g p
• In standardization competition based upon modularity Japanese companies lost their
titicompetitiveness.• Standardization by modular competition,
commoditization of product technology willcommoditization of product technology will continue.
• Integral Architecture based on the module. gcustomization based on the local context of the local
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Two sided marketsTwo-sided marketsmarkets where platforms enable interactions between
d d t t t th t ( lti l ) id “end-users, and try to get the two (or multiple) sides “on board” by appropriately pricing each side (Rochet and Tirole, 2003))
• System competition (Silicon Valley/Hollywood model)Self-destruction process of marketsStandardization (dialog innovation)
• Dialectic innovative markets (Moe model)many creators, deep specializationsmall-sized markets
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Creative class (by R Florida)Creative class (by R.Florida)Talent
M " fi d dtechnology tolerance
Moe means "a rarefied pseudo-love for certain fictional characters (in anime, manga, and the like) and their relatedtolerance and the like) and their related embodiments.
Silicon valley/Hollywood model–tolerance for getting new talents g g
Moe modelMoe model - tolerance for getting reputation
copy-tolerant models (open, quick evolution)
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3D figureDeformationOriginal
CoslpayCoslpay
MikuHatsuneHatsune
2D character image
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Cosplay and Racing team
3D figure
Original Animation
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C t St t (U i l )Cost Structure (Uni clo)
Shop revenue 34%Profits 8%
Loss 20%
Manuf.cost 20%
H.Q cost 10%Loss 20%
Transportation cost 5%
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Time Space ManagementTime-Space Management
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Advanced Long tail modelContents marketsMarket size
Positive/greatest profits are obtained from a success work.Therefore, intellectual property management is also important., p p y g p-> Hollywood model do not have variety.
The break-even point of Hollywood
The break-even point of JapaneseMajor Comics Magazine
The break-even point of self-published comic book
variety/diversity
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cook-one's-own-food market
P d l• Producer=consumer complex
• Comiket (self-published comic book fair)fair)
• Comiket 76, 2009, 560,000 attendees The sales of a self-published comic bookThe sales of a self-published comic bookare over 10 billion yen(100 millions euros).
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KAIYODO (海洋堂)• Japanese company dedicated to figurines
and garage kitsand garage kits.– Revoltech is a portmanteau for "Revolver Technology," in
reference to the unique "Revolver Joint" articulation which all ofreference to the unique Revolver Joint articulation which all of the figures in this particular series utilize. This gives the figures a wide range of motion and stability, allowing for many dynamic and varied posesand varied poses.
Asura(God of a battle of ancient India)
Figure overall height: 140 mmMovable part: All the 33 places3800 (38 )3800 yen (38 euro)
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• Participants are 40,000 or more people, and sales are 3 billion yen (30 millionand sales are 3 billion yen (30 million euro) or more in one day.
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Dialectic creative processp
innovation knowing
customerssuppliers
evaluationCommon knowledge
Shinise FoodArt and Culture Public
(Ryokan, Gion,)
(Sushi, Kaiseki) (entertain.,
tea, flower)services
文化 ・ 伝統 ・ 歴史
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Traditional Diningg
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High context type serviceHigh context type service• Genetic inheritance of 「core concept」
Common structure Japanese service
Iemoto(meta model)
Duplication of standardized
HQ
(meta model)Asymmetric
relationsHQ
servicesInheritance of core
competence
service
Front office
service
Front office
customers customers
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communicationstatic
Context free service
static
Context free serviceCustoms, norms
standardizationHigh context Low context
Globally common consensus
Tacit rulesCoherent values Japanese
scalability
efficiency
gcommunications communications
consensusCoherent values
POS・CRM
Japanese services
efficiency
コヒーレントな価値観
持続的で毀損しにくい価値の源泉
価値観
dynamicdynamic
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omonpakari Modelomonpakari Model
S i CInteraction(Ad‐hoc)
KnowledgeService Consumer
Interaction
Runtimel l Duality between serviceRole Model Duality between service
provider and consumer
Service ProviderHigh‐Context Information(Culture, History, Lifestyle)
Proactive AnticipationProactive Anticipation
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Value creation of high context serviceValue creation of high context service
Dialectic value creation
客 A h P i d客 Approach Orientation
FeedbackPerceived
QualitySatisfaction Loyalty
Hi h Ch f B店
High Context
Change for Better
Better Quality
Sales
Longevity
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Multi context modelー
Context-dependent model: Edomae-sushi Context-type: High maturity level
CommonKnowledgeBaseConsumer
Role Model
Menu 1Enter
High maturity
Menu 2
Menu 3
Men 4Orderwithout menu
Eat Check Exit
Menu 5
Menu 4without menuRole Model
Shift to “low maturity level” if the consumer can not recognize High
maturity
Role Model
Provider(Chef)
High maturity
CommonKnowledge Base:
Provider(waiter)maturity Knowledge Base:
Edomae-sushi
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New creative society(cook one's o n food econom )(cook-one's-own-food economy)
• Creation & Reputation (C&R)– The new concept replaced with R&Dp p
• In the new creative society, the whole quality is enhanced by very variousquality is enhanced by very various participants creating contents and criticizing(Reputation) with each other.
Learning through interaction
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Asia Business LeaderAsia Business Leader Training Projectg j
March 2013March, 2013
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GSM-KU will develop efficient human network with top business Objectivesschools and government organizations in Asian region. Taking advantage of the human network, GSM-KU gives quick training for potential Asia business leaders who can conduct
Objectives
business effectively in Asia, and develop educational curriculum and materials for the training.
India Philippines Thailand China VietnamIndia, Philippines, Thailand, China, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Japan
1
Countries
1 year
Half year lecture / practice … GSM-KUC t t
Training Term
y pLectures will be given at Tokyo or Kyoto, by the overseas invited lecturers from partner business schools and government organizations in Asian region. Optional business-oriented English
Contents
organizations in Asian region. Optional business oriented English training will be given in Makati, Philippines.
Half year Field Research (Internship) … KBRCCCollaborating with business schools and government organizations in Asian region.
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Qualification for Asian Business LeaderQualification for Asian Business Leader
Module1<Strengthen Core Competency>
Cross cultural Business Ethics
Module1
communications CSR, Environment
Human Resource Basic Knowledge and Development (HRD),
Rebuilding an Organization Structure and Promotion
gExpertise for Global Business
(Local conditions, Social institutions, Strategy building, Innovation, Case analysis)
Public Relations Business Identity
<Training Advanced Competency>
Module2 3
Insight for the
Module2-3
Insight for the future Society and
Vision Creation
Communication and Negotiation Skills Business Writing
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Major companies Government Organizations
Research Institutes
Asian Business Schools & Government
Organizations Network
IndiaIIMCMajor
companiesMajor
companies
g(2013)
ThailandCBS
ChinaCEC
Government Organization
s
Research
Government Organization
s
Research
JapanKyoto
Research Institutes
Research Institutes
MalaysiaIIUM
PhilippinesUP / Ateneo
Kyoto UniversityMajor
companies
Government
Major companies
Government UP / AteneoUniversityOrganization
s
Research Institutes
Organizations
Research Institutes
VietnamUTC / Hanoi
University of Foreign
IndonesiaUI / ITB
Major companies
Government
Major companies
Government y gTrade
UI / ITBOrganization
s
Research Institutes
Organizations
Research Institutes
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Major Companies
Government Organizations
Research Institutes
Asian Business Schools & Government Organizations Network
(2014 )Japan
GSM-KU
I diPhilippines
Major Companies
Government
Major Companies
Government
(2014~)
IndiaIIMC
PhilippinesUP / AteneoUniversity
Government Organization
s
Research Institutes
Government Organization
s
Research Institutes
ThailandVietnam
UTC / H i
Asian Business School /
Government
Institutes
Major Companies
Institutes
Major CompaniesThailand
CBSUTC / Hanoi University of
Foreign Trade
Government Organization Consortium
Companies
Government Organization
s
Companies
Government Organization
s
ChinaCEC
Indonesia
Research Institutes
Major
Research Institutes
Major CEC
MalaysiaIIUM
UI / ITBCompanies
Government Organization
s
jCompanies
Government Organization
sResearch Institutes
s
Research InstitutesMajor
Companies
Government Organization
s
Research Institutes
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Asia Business Leader Training Project
S International NetworkStudy Environment
CBS
IIMC
Language Training (English & Local
Module 0 (optional)(Business English)
(Makati, Manila) KBRCIIMC
Module 1(Tokyo) GSM‐KU UTC
language)
Logistics Support
CECCollabora
n
Module 2(Makati, Manila) GSM‐KUS
uppo
rton
Site
Advice on Field Research
(China EnterpriseConfederation)
ITB
IIUM
UI
atio
Field Research(Internship) KBRC・
・・
(University of Indonesia)
(International Islamic University Malaysia)
Module 3(Kyoto) GSM‐KU
University Malaysia)
UAT
UP (University of Philippines)
・・・
Grow up Asian Business Leaders active and respected in Asian countries
UAT
Human Resource Development Network to Strengthen Japanese and Asian Companies