(RestoDent) Caries Accdg to Surfaces
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Transcript of (RestoDent) Caries Accdg to Surfaces
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D. CAVITIES ACCORDINGTO THE NUMBER OF
SURFACES INVOLVED
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1. Simple cariesWhen the lesion is confined to a single surface
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2. Compound carieswhen two surfaces are involved
Compound CariesLesion not joined
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Compound cariesLesion joined
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3. Complex carieswhen three or more surfaces are involved
Complex cariesLesion not joined
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Complex cariesLesion joined
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NON CARIOUS TOOTH DEFECTS
TERMINOLOGY
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1. Abrasion
abnormal tooth surface lossresulting from direct frictionforces between the teethand external objects orfrom frictional forcesbetween contacting teethcomponents in thepresence of abrasivemedium
(a) improper tooth brushingtechniques
(b) habits holding pipe stemby the teeth
(c) tobacco chewing
(d) use of toothpicks
toothbrush abrasion sharp,V-shaped notch in the gingivalportion of the facial aspect ofthe teeth.
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Clinical Features:
loss of tooth structure at site of wear
sensitivity possible
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Etiology:
repetitive mechanical habit; using a hard
toothbrush, improper brushing technique alongthe gumline, grinding or chewing hard objects
or food
Treatment: prevention; restoration, fluoride applications
and tooth-colored bonding.
Prognosis:
Once the gums begin to recede, root surfaces
become exposed and sensitivity to hot and
cold temperatures soon follow.
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On a dentalradiograph, toothbrush abrasionappears as a well-defined horizontalradiolucency along thecervical region of atooth(see red
arrows). Clinically, theareas affected byabrasion appear ashard, highly polisheddefects in dentin andshould not beconfused with rootcaries that appearsbrown and leathery.
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2. Erosion is thewear or loss of toothsurface bychemicomechanicalaction.
- regurgitation ofstomach acids
- habitual sucking oflemons
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3. Attrition mechanical
wear of the incisal or
occlusal surface as a
result of functional or
parafunctional
movements of the
mandible.
- affects proximalcontact areas
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Attrition
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4. Abfraction microfractures occur as the
cervical area of the tooth flexes under loads.
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Clinical Features:
wedge-shaped notching at cervical areas of
involved teeth adults
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Etiology:
biomechanical forces on teeth
Treatment:
restoration; may not require treatment
Prognosis:
Once the enamel is gone, then dentin is exposedand the teeth are more susceptible to decay,sensitivity and more wearing down.
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Note that abfraction is differentthan toothbrush abrasion withwhich it is often confused.
Toothbrush abrasion is causedby overbrushing with a hardbristle toothbrush, whileabfraction is caused byexcessive pressure applied tothe teeth by severe bruxing
habits. While abfraction tends to be a
"dished out" defect, toothbrush
abrasion tends to be a "notch"
in the tooth surface just above
the gumline.
abfraction
abrasion
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5. Fractures
a. incomplete fracture not directly involving vital pulp
greenstick fracture
b. complete fracture not involving vital pulp
c. fracture involving vital pulp
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6. Nonhereditary enamelhypoplasia
- occurs when theameloblasts are injuredduring enamel formation
- seen on anterior teethand first molars; opaque
white or light brown areaswith smooth intact hardsurface
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7. Amelogenesisimperfecta
- enamel is defectiveeither in form orcalcification as aresult of heredity
8. Dentinogenesisimperfecta
- hereditarycondition in which
dentin is defective
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta.
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G. V. BLACKS CLASSIFICATION
OF CARIES
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Class l
Carious lesions that
are located in pits and
fissures of the occlusal
surfaces of molars and
premolars, occlusal 2/3
of the buccal and
lingual surfaces of
molars, and the lingual
surface of anteriorteeth.
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Class 1
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Class ll
Carious lesionsthat are located
on the proximal
surfaces of
premolars and
molars.
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Class 2
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Class lll
Carious lesions
that are located
on the proximal
surfaces ofanterior teeth
that do not
involve the
incisal angle.
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Class lV
Carious lesions
that are located
on the proximal
surfaces ofanterior teeth
involving the
incisal angle.
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Class V
Carious lesions
that are located
on the gingival
1/3 of the facialand lingual
surfaces of both
anterior and
posterior teeth.
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Class Vl
Cavities on the incisal edges and cusp tips.
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b p
d p
l p
m p
d b m p
m ld l
dbp mbp
mlpdlp
b
d
l
m
p
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li
g
laa
axiogingival
axiolabial/facial
axiolingual
linguogingival
labio/faciogingival
incisal
axioincisal
axiolinguogingival
axiolabiogingival
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i
m
g
da
a i
axiomesial
a g
axiodistal
d i
m i
m gd g
a d i
a m i
a m g
a d g