Responding to the Call to War - Vimy to Juno · 2016. 6. 10. · There were even posters ......
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Name: ________________________________________________________ Date: _______________________________ Why did they fight for Canada? Would you go to war to defend Canada in a time of crisis? As we’ve learned, Canada fought as part of the British Empire and its allies to defend our honour and the liberty of other people around the world. The war also involved many of those living in Canada, though they were excluded from full citizenship because they were not white men. Different people of diverse backgrounds, participated in the war. 1. Review the evidence provided as a group. Classify the evidence into examples of Positive and Negative Experiences. 2. Use the chart below to gather positive and negative experiences of diverse Canadians during wartime. 3. Draw your own conclusions to respond to the inquiry question above. Positive Experiences Negative Experiences Historical Evidence Your Conclusions Responding to the Call to War
Transcript of Responding to the Call to War - Vimy to Juno · 2016. 6. 10. · There were even posters ......
Name:________________________________________________________Date:_______________________________
WhydidtheyfightforCanada?
WouldyougotowartodefendCanadainatimeofcrisis?Aswe’velearned,CanadafoughtaspartoftheBritishEmpireanditsalliestodefendourhonourandthelibertyofotherpeoplearoundtheworld.ThewaralsoinvolvedmanyofthoselivinginCanada,thoughtheywereexcludedfromfullcitizenshipbecausetheywerenotwhitemen.Differentpeopleofdiversebackgrounds,participatedinthewar.
1. Reviewtheevidenceprovidedasagroup.ClassifytheevidenceintoexamplesofPositiveandNegativeExperiences.
2. UsethechartbelowtogatherpositiveandnegativeexperiencesofdiverseCanadiansduringwartime.3. Drawyourownconclusionstorespondtotheinquiryquestionabove.
PositiveExperiences NegativeExperiences
Historic
alEvide
nce
YourCon
clusions
Responding to the Call to War
1. ThisisapictureofMasumiMitsui,whowasturnedawayinB.C.HewantedtoshowhispatriotismforCanada.Hisgrandsonexplainsthatthis“was[his]newlyadoptedcountryand[he]wantedtoshowthattheydeservedtobetreatedlikeotherCanadians.”ThoughhewasnotallowedtoenlistinB.C.,hetravelledwithotherstoAlberta,wheretheyenlistedwiththe10thBattalion,CanadianExpeditionaryForce.AboutonepercentoftheunitwasmadeupofJapanese-Canadiansoldiers.i
2. Jewish-Canadiansdidn’tfacethesamesortofdiscrimination.TherewereevenposterswritteninYiddishthatweredirectedatpossiblerecruitslivinginMontreal.JewishCanadianswereanimmigrantcommunitytotallycommittedtowhatwasthenaveryAnglo-SaxonattitudeinCanada.Pro-BritishopinionwasevenmorepronouncedinToronto’sJewishcommunity.DuringtheFirstWorldWar,38percentofallJewishmalesolderthan21inCanadaservedintheCanadianExpeditionaryForce.ii
3. FromtheonsetoftheFirstWorldWar,CanadiansofGermanicoriginfaceddiscriminationfromthegovernmentandthepublic.ThisdiscriminationstartedwitharollbackofcivilrightswhentheWarMeasuresActwasestablishedwithinweeksofthedeclarationofwar.PeoplefromGermany,Austria,HungaryandUkraineweredeemed“enemyaliens,”eveniftheywerenaturalizedcitizens.Theyhadtocarryidentificationcardsandwereforbiddentojoinsocialistmovements,leaveCanadawithoutapermitorpossessfirearms.ImmigrationtoCanadafromthefourcountrieswassuspendedentirely,andthosegrantedcitizenshipafter1902hadtheirstatusrevoked.iii
4. AcrossCanada,some8,579“enemyaliens”–mostofGermanoriginviaUkraine–weresenttointernmentorworkcamps.Manywereunemployedpeoplethegovernmentfearedcouldjoinradicalmovements.OnecamplaidmuchofthefoundationforBanffNationalPark.“TheGermansneverreallywantedto,ordaredto,askforanycompensation…Whentwoworldwarswerecausedbysomeonefromwhereyoucamefrom,ortheplaceyou’reassociatedwith,youfeelveryintimidated.Youdon’twanttocauseanyproblems.”iv
5. AcountrythathadopeneditsarmstohomesteadersfromEasternEuropequitesuddenlycloseditsmindaswarbrokeout.Most[enemyalien]interneesweresingle,poor,unemployedUkrainianmen,buttheyhadthecompanyofBulgarians,Croatians,Germans,Hungarians,Italians,Poles,Serbians,Turks,Romanians,andRussians.Maj.-Gen.SirWilliamDillonOtter,whooversawtheinternmentprogram,reportedthat3,138interneeswerelegitimateprisonersofwar.Another5,441wereunquestionablycivilians,including156childrenand81womenheldinVernon,B.C.,andSpiritLake.v
6. WhilethefightingstoppedwiththearmisticeonNovember11,1918,someinterneeswerekeptbehindbarbedwireuntilwellinto1920,suchwasthevalueoftheircontinuedforcedlabourtoadepressedCanadianeconomy.Whentheywerefinallyreleased,someinterneesclaimedtheirpersonalpossessionshadbeenstolen.“Thesewerenotbyandlargewealthypeople.Buttheyclearlydidlosesomevaluables.”vi
7. Beforethewar,womenfoughtforgreater
accesstoeducation,andjobopportunities.Canadianwomenalsocampaignedfortherighttovote(suffrage).Womenwontherighttovoteinprovincialelectionsfirst,andthenin1918PrimeMinisterBordenextendedsuffragetomostCanadianwomen.vii
8. WomenwerenotallowedtosignuptofightintheFirstWorldWarassoldiers,sailors,orpilots.Still,morethan3000womenenlistedasnurses.Thesenurses,called“Bluebirds”forthecolouroftheirdresses,tookcareofwoundedanddyingsoldierswithinafewkilometersofthefrontlines.viii
9. Whenmenwenttowar,manywomenassumedsolesupportforfamiliesandoperatedfarmsandbusinesses.Manywerehiredtodoskilledworkinfactories(i.e.makingsuppliesforthewarsuchasweaponsandammunition).ix
10. OnJuly5,1916,theNo.2ConstructionBattalionwasformedinPictou,NovaScotia—thefirstlargeBlackmilitaryunitinCanadianhistory.Recruitmenttookplaceacrossthecountryandmorethan600menwereeventuallyaccepted,mostfromNovaScotia,withotherscomingfromNewBrunswick,Ontario,theWestandevensomefromtheUnitedStates.x
11. ThesegregatedNo.2ConstructionBattalionwastaskedwithnon-combatsupportroles.AfterinitialserviceinCanada,thebattalionboardedtheSSSouthlandboundforLiverpool,EnglandinMarch1917.ItsmembersweresenttoeasternFrancelaterin1917wheretheyservedhonourablywiththeCanadianForestryCorps.Theretheyhelpedprovidethelumberrequiredtomaintaintrenchesonthefrontlines,aswellashelpedconstructroadsandrailways.xi
12. Anestimated2,000BlackCanadians,suchasJamesGrant,RoyFells,SeymourTyler,JeremiahJonesandCurlyChristian,weredeterminedtogettothefrontlinesandmanagedtojoinregularunits,goingontogivedistinguishedservicethatearnedsomeofthemmedalsforbravery.xii
13. Approximately4,000Indigenousmenenlistedfromacrossthecountry,morethananyotherethnicgroup,goingontoserveinthearmy,navyandairforce.Atatime,whenracismwasdeep-rootedandIndigenouspeoplewereconsidered“wardsofthestate,”thiswasnosmallfeat.“Therewereonesthatmadeittothelevelofcolonels,generals,majors,”saysL.JamesDempsey,anassociateprofessorofNativeStudiesattheUniversityofAlberta.xiii
14. Indigenoustroopsleftaremarkablerecordofwartimeaccomplishment.Severalwerecommissionedasofficers,andmanyservedasbattle-hardenedplatoonleadersandcombatinstructors.Atleast50weredecoratedforbraveryonthebattlefield.Manyacquirednear-legendarystatusasscoutsandsnipers,drawingonpre-warhuntingskillsandwildernessexperience.Themostdecorated,CorporalFrancisPegahmagabow,anOjibwafromtheParryIslandBandnearParrySound,Ontario,receivedtheMilitaryMedalandtwobarsforhisbraveryandeffectivenessasasniper.xiv
15. IndigenousrecruitsdidfaceracialprejudicebutalsohadtodealwithamilitarythatwasalmostexclusivelyEnglishspeaking–alanguagemanynativesdidnotspeak.CanadianWarMuseumrecordssuggestthatmostunitsembracedthesesoldiers,however,especiallysinceseveralexcelledintheirmilitaryroles.Somebecameofficers,whileothersservedasplatoonleadersandcombatinstructors.Atleast50weredecoratedforbravery.xv
16. OneBloodIndiancalledBumbleBeeCrowChiefallegedlyshowedupforinspectionwitha“rearrangeduniform.”He’dditchedthebootsformoccasins,shavedthevisoroffhiscaptoseebetter,hadbroughthisowngunandrefusedtocutoffhisbraids.Hewaspromptlydischarged.“Theytookonelookathimandsaid‘Thiswon’tdo.’”xvi
17. WhileIndigenoussoldiersenjoyedmorefreedomsabroadthantheydidinCanada,thingsreturnedtothestatusquooncebackathome.ThefederalgovernmentextendedmanypostwarbenefitstoIndigenousveterans,butnotasmanyasthosegiventoothervets.Allthesacrificesandachievementsonthebattlefielddidnotresultingreaterfreedomsorrights,suchasthevote,forIndigenous.xvii
18. xviii
19. xix
20. xx
21. xxi
22. xxii
23. xxiii
24. xxiv
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