Respiratory System RT 91 Chapter 3. Normal Two View CXR.
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Transcript of Respiratory System RT 91 Chapter 3. Normal Two View CXR.
MediastinumMediastinum
Anatomy – Heart, Hilar region, Anatomy – Heart, Hilar region, Thyroid &Thymus glands, Nervous & Thyroid &Thymus glands, Nervous & Lymphatic tissues.Lymphatic tissues.
RadiographyRadiography
Correct exposure factors selection is Correct exposure factors selection is criticalcritical
Radiologists rely heavily on Radiologists rely heavily on consistent exposure factors for serial consistent exposure factors for serial portable radiographs portable radiographs Recording technique selectionRecording technique selection
RadiographyRadiography
For CXR maintaining kVp and For CXR maintaining kVp and changing the mAs is the general rulechanging the mAs is the general rule
AEC AEC A complete patient hx is very importantA complete patient hx is very important
CR/DRCR/DR High kVp High kVp
Technique ConsiderationsTechnique Considerations
PathologyPathology Overlapping StructuresOverlapping Structures
Prior ExaminationsPrior Examinations
Lungs/Bony Structures/Line Lungs/Bony Structures/Line PlacementPlacement
Chest PositioningChest Positioning
PA/Lt LatPA/Lt Lat
APAP 72 inches72 inches Upright or Upright or
Supine Supine
AP or PA AP or PA DecubitusDecubitus
Oblique Oblique ProjectionsProjections
Lordotic Lordotic ProjectionsProjections
Cystic FibrosisCystic Fibrosis
An accumulation of excessively thick An accumulation of excessively thick mucous and abnormal secretion of mucous and abnormal secretion of sweat and salivasweat and saliva
Hyaline Membrane Disease Hyaline Membrane Disease
RDS – Respiratory distress syndromeRDS – Respiratory distress syndrome Leading cause of infant deathLeading cause of infant death Premature birth before 26 weeksPremature birth before 26 weeks
““ground glass” look on the radiographground glass” look on the radiograph
Sail SignSail Sign
Enlarged thymus in an Enlarged thymus in an infantinfant
Sail-like appearanceSail-like appearance
Hiatal HerniaHiatal Hernia
Any structure through Any structure through the hiatus of the the hiatus of the
diaphramdiaphram
CroupCroup
Soft tissue neckSoft tissue neck Croup is a syndrome that is produced Croup is a syndrome that is produced
by an acute infection of the lower air by an acute infection of the lower air passages and is usually seen in passages and is usually seen in children below age of 3 children below age of 3
Bark like coughBark like cough Thumb signThumb sign
AtelectasisAtelectasis
Collapse of all or part of the lung due Collapse of all or part of the lung due to obstruction of bronchusto obstruction of bronchus Lung compression/consolidationLung compression/consolidation Air, fluid, tumors, enlarged lymph Air, fluid, tumors, enlarged lymph
nodes, ET tube below carinanodes, ET tube below carina
atelectasis
• caused by the obstructive effects of carcinoma of the bronchus supplying the upper lobe of the right lung.
Pleural EffusionPleural Effusion
Fluid within pleural spaceFluid within pleural space
Response to inflammationResponse to inflammation Infection, TraumaInfection, Trauma
PneumoniaPneumonia
Acute infection of lung parenchymaAcute infection of lung parenchyma
Impairs air exchangeImpairs air exchange
PneumothoraxPneumothorax
Collapse of lung, air in the chest Collapse of lung, air in the chest cavitycavity Change in interthoracic pressureChange in interthoracic pressure
Radiographical importanceRadiographical importance Order: 2V CXR Diag: Post Order: 2V CXR Diag: Post
BX/PneumoBX/Pneumo
Pulmonary Pulmonary Embolism/InfarctionEmbolism/Infarction
Acute onset of chest painAcute onset of chest pain
Lung Abscess/EmpyemaLung Abscess/Empyema
Pus formed in a cavityPus formed in a cavity
Disintegration of tissueDisintegration of tissue
COPDCOPD
A group of disorders that cause A group of disorders that cause chronic airway obstruction. chronic airway obstruction.
Chronic, inflammation process Chronic, inflammation process involving the lungsinvolving the lungs
Ex: Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, Ex: Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma & bronchiectasis. asthma & bronchiectasis.
Lung CancerLung Cancer
Bronchogenic Carcinoma is the most Bronchogenic Carcinoma is the most common fatal primary malignancy in common fatal primary malignancy in the United States.the United States.
Pulmonary metastases are much Pulmonary metastases are much more common than primary lung more common than primary lung neoplasm. neoplasm.
MediastinumMediastinum
Lymphoma Lymphoma
Anatomy – Heart, Hilar region, Anatomy – Heart, Hilar region, Thyroid &Thymus glands, Thyroid &Thymus glands, Nervous & Lymphatic tissues.Nervous & Lymphatic tissues.