Respiratory System

Function of the Respiratory System

Move oxygen from outside into the body to help carry out cellular respiration.

Remove CO2 and H2O, by-products of cellular respiration, from the body.

What is Cellular Respiration?The process in which oxygen and glucose

undergo a complex series of chemical reactions inside cells.

The chemical reactions release the energy that fuels growth and other cell processes.

Besides releasing energy, respiration produces carbon dioxide and water.

Respiration Equation

Glucose + Oxygen Carbon dioxide + Energy + Water

(C6H12O6) (O2) (CO2) (ATP) (H2O)

Where does oxygen come from?The air we breathe

Where does glucose come from?Digested food

What delivers these two substances to the cells?Circulatory System

Respiratory System

Oxygen from the air

Digestive System

Glucose from digested food

Circulatory System

Both oxygen and glucose are carried by blood to cells.

Body Cells

In cells, glucose combines with oxygen

to release energy.

Respiration vs. Breathing

RespirationChemical reactions inside cells.

BreathingMoving air into and out of lungs.

The Air We BreatheComes from gases that

surround the Earth.

21% oxygen78% nitrogen1% includes carbon dioxide,

helium, and other gases.

Your body doesn’t use most of the air you breathe in, most of the air you inhaled goes back into the atmosphere.

Air enters the NOSE

Air enters the NASAL CAVITY

Air enters the PHARNYX

Air enters LARYNX

Air enters the TRACHEA

Air enters the BRONCHI

Air enters the LUNGS

Air enters the AVEOLI

Air enters the NOSEAir enters your body

through two openings in your nose called your nostrils.

Fine hairs, called cilia, inside the nostril trap dust, pollen, and microorganisms from the air.

Air enters the NAVAL CAVITYAir then passes through

the nasal cavity and is warmed and moistened.

Mucus lines the naval cavity.

The mucus traps more dust, pollen and other materials that were not trapped by nasal hairs.

Air enters the PHARNYXAir enters a tube-like

passageway used by food, liquid, and air called the pharynx.

The epiglottis, a flap of tissue, folds down over the pharynx when swallowing food.

Air enters the LARNYXVocal cords, two flaps of tissue, are

attached to your larynx.

Forcing air between the cords causes them to vibrate and produce sounds.

When you speak, muscles tighten or loosen your vocal cords, resulting in different sounds. Short, or contracted vocal cords make a high

pitched sound. Long, or relaxed vocal cords make a deep

toned sound.

Your brain coordinates the movement of the muscles in your throat, tongue, cheeks, lips, and teeth when you talk, sing, and makes noises.

Air enters your TRACHEA12 cm long tube.

Strong, c-shaped rings of cartilage prevent the trachea from collapsing.

Lined with mucus and cilia to trap more dust, bacteria, and pollen.

Air enters the BRONCHITwo short tubes branch

off of the trachea, each tube enters a lung.

The bronchi branch into smaller and smaller tubes inside the lungs leading to alveoli.

Air enters the LUNGSMasses of alveoli.

Left lung two lobesRight lung three lobes

Air enters ALVEOLI Clusters of tiny, thin-

walled sacs.

Capillaries surround the alveoli like a net.

Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the alveoli and capillaries.

How We Breathe?The rate of which you breathe

depends on your body’s need for oxygen.

Breathing is controlled by muscles.

The lungs are surrounded by your ribs which have muscled attached.

Under your lungs is the DIAPHRAGM, a large, dome shaped muscle that assists in breathing

How We Breathe?INHALE

“Breathe In”Rib muscle contract,

lifting chest wall up and out.

Diaphragm contracts and moves downward

Chest cavity is largerPressure

DECREASESAir flows in and fills

all the empty spaces.

EXHALE“Breathe Out”Rib muscles relax

moving chest wall down and in

Diaphragm relaxes and moves upward

Chest cavity is smaller

Pressure INCREASESSmaller sizes pushes

air out of the lungs.

The Path of AirAir enters the body through two __________, or

openings, in the nose.

Air moves through the __________, which is also a part of the digestive system.

Air moves into the ___________, or windpipe.

Air moves through the _________, passages that direct air into the lungs.

The Path of AirAir enters the body through two nostrils, or

openings, in the nose.

Air moves through the __________, which is also a part of the digestive system.

Air moves into the ___________, or windpipe.

Air moves through the _________, passages that direct air into the lungs.

The Path of AirAir enters the body through two nostrils, or

openings, in the nose.

Air moves through the pharynx, which is also a part of the digestive system.

Air moves into the ___________, or windpipe.

Air moves through the _________, passages that direct air into the lungs.

The Path of AirAir enters the body through two nostrils, or

openings, in the nose.

Air moves through the pharynx, which is also a part of the digestive system.

Air moves into the trachea, or windpipe.

Air moves through the _________, passages that direct air into the lungs.

The Path of AirAir enters the body through two nostrils, or

openings, in the nose.

Air moves through the pharynx, which is also a part of the digestive system.

Air moves into the trachea, or windpipe.

Air moves through the bronchi, passages that direct air into the lungs.

Breathing ProcessRib muscles and

diaphragm contract making the chest cavity

larger.The air is squeezed out

of the _______and you

exhale.

The pressure of the air inside the

lungs decreases.

The rib muscles and diaphragm relax, and the chest cavity

becomes _______.

Air rushes into the chest and you

inhale.

Breathing ProcessRib muscles and

diaphragm contract making the chest cavity

larger.The air is squeezed out

of the______and you exhale.

The pressure of the air inside the

lungs decreases.

The rib muscles and diaphragm relax, and the chest cavity

becomes smaller

Air rushes into the chest and you

inhale.

Breathing ProcessRib muscles and

diaphragm contract making the chest cavity

larger.The air is squeezed out of the lungs

and you exhale.

The pressure of the air inside the

lungs decreases.

The rib muscles and diaphragm relax, and the chest cavity

becomes smaller.

Air rushes into the chest and you

inhale.