RESPIRATORY DISORDERS SBI3U. Tonsillitis Description red, swollen tonsils sore throat, fever ...
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Transcript of RESPIRATORY DISORDERS SBI3U. Tonsillitis Description red, swollen tonsils sore throat, fever ...
RESPIRATORY DISORDERSSBI3U
TonsillitisDescription
red, swollen tonsils sore throat, fever swollen glands
Cause a virus or bacteria
Treatment Surgically removing
LaryngitisDescription
– Inflammation of the larynx – Vocal cords cannot vibrate
Cause– caused by a infection or allergy or by overstraining the voice
Treatment– Rest
Pneumonia
Description– A disease that causes
inflammation in one or both lungs
– Alveoli fill with thick fluid
making gas exchange difficult
Cause– Caused by viral or bacteria infection
Treatment– Antibiotics or anti-viral medication
Bronchitis
Description– Bronchi red & inflamed– Coughing brings up mucus– Chronic cilia lining destroyed limit ability to clear mucus
Cause– Bacteria– Prolonged exposure to dust,
chemicals, cigarette smoke
Treatment– Antibiotics,– Chronic no cure but treat with quit smoking,
medications, exercising
Asthma
Description• Airways inflamed, bronchioles constrict, thus
difficult for air to pass
Cause• Inhaled irritants
pollen, dust, smoke
Treatment• Inhaler medication in mist
or powder• Medication relax muscles around airways
EmphysemaDescription
– Alveoli lose elasticity, burst, fuse into enlarged spaces reduce SA for gas exchange less O2
Cause– smoking
Treatment• No cure• Use inhaler to open airways,
• O2 tank to boost O2 supply
to body
Cystic Fibrosis
Description– Thick mucus in lungs inflammation infection due to trapped bacteria
Cause– Gene mutation causes cells lining in
airways to release thick mucus– Pancreatic ducts blocked
Treatment
– Gene therapy– Symptoms treated with medication
to thin mucus– antibiotics
TUBERCULOSISDescription
– Damages the tissues of the lungs and interferes with gas exchange
Cause– Bacterial infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis
Treatment
– Six-month treatment with antibiotics– Vaccine available protecting children
Lung Cancer
Description– Uncontrolled cell growth
carcinoma– Cancer cells break away &
spread to other organs
Cause– Smoking– Pollutants, radon gas,
asbestos
Treatment– Radiation, chemotherapy
destroy cancer cells– Surgery or laser surgery
remove tumours
Hiccups, Yawns, Coughs, Sneezes ????
• Every once in a while your diaphragm may go into spasms of contractions.
• The reason for this isn’t clear, but the result is: you “hiccup”.
• diaphragm muscle contracts suddenly, it flattens out and air rapidly rushes in to your lungs.
• To stop this rush the epiglottis clamps down over the trachea (windpipe), producing the “hic” sound.
• The airflow is stopped so quickly by this action that your body suffers a jolt. The “cup” sound is produced by the air rushing out by epiglottis when it relaxes.
How long do they last?
• In general … a couple of seconds to a couple of minutes….
World Record Holder!• Charles Osborne started
hiccupping in 1922 and continued hiccupping until February 1990, a total of 68 year!
• The only discomfort from his hiccupping, he claimed, was the constant risk of losing his false teeth!
• During the first few decades, he hiccupped up to 40 times a minute, slowing to 20 a minute in later years.
How do you cure your hiccups??
Cures?
Yawns…
• If you are forced to sit quietly for a while your breathing may become slow and shallow. Shallow breathing seems to trigger falling asleep.
• A yawn involves a sudden gasp of air drawn A yawn involves a sudden gasp of air drawn into the lungs. This gasp breaks the slow, into the lungs. This gasp breaks the slow, shallow breathing pattern. You donshallow breathing pattern. You don’’t fall t fall asleep!asleep!
Interesting Yawning Facts
• The average yawn lasts about six seconds. The average yawn lasts about six seconds.
• Your heart rate can rise as much as 30 percent Your heart rate can rise as much as 30 percent during a yawn. during a yawn.
• 55 percent of people will yawn within five 55 percent of people will yawn within five minutes of seeing someone else yawn. minutes of seeing someone else yawn.
• Blind people yawn more after hearing an audio Blind people yawn more after hearing an audio tape of people yawning. tape of people yawning.
• ReadingReading about yawning will make you yawn. about yawning will make you yawn.
COUGHS
Why it happens?
• The surface of the windpipe is very sensitive to touch. Any bits of matter such as food, or dust, or mucus from a runny nose that touch this area cause quite a reaction.
• Your lungs release an explosive blast of air, the cough.
Remedies
• Some act to turn off the cells that produce the mucus in the nasal and sinus passages.
• Some turn off the part of the brain that sends the nerve signal to start the cough action and may turn off other parts of the brain. As a side-effect of this, you may feel sleepy and dopey.
SNEEZES
What is a Sneeze?
• a blast of air that cleans matter, like dust or mucus,
out of the nasal passages.
• is triggered by something irritating the surface of the nasal passage.
• Air speeds of 167 km/h have been recorded during a sneeze