RESPIRATORY DISORDERS SBI3U. Tonsillitis Description red, swollen tonsils sore throat, fever ...

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RESPIRATORY DISORDERS SBI3U

Transcript of RESPIRATORY DISORDERS SBI3U. Tonsillitis Description red, swollen tonsils sore throat, fever ...

Page 1: RESPIRATORY DISORDERS SBI3U. Tonsillitis Description  red, swollen tonsils  sore throat, fever  swollen glands Cause  a virus or bacteria Treatment.

RESPIRATORY DISORDERSSBI3U

Page 2: RESPIRATORY DISORDERS SBI3U. Tonsillitis Description  red, swollen tonsils  sore throat, fever  swollen glands Cause  a virus or bacteria Treatment.

TonsillitisDescription

red, swollen tonsils sore throat, fever swollen glands

Cause a virus or bacteria

Treatment Surgically removing

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LaryngitisDescription

– Inflammation of the larynx – Vocal cords cannot vibrate

Cause– caused by a infection or allergy or by overstraining the voice

Treatment– Rest

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Pneumonia

Description– A disease that causes

inflammation in one or both lungs

– Alveoli fill with thick fluid

making gas exchange difficult

Cause– Caused by viral or bacteria infection

Treatment– Antibiotics or anti-viral medication

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Bronchitis

Description– Bronchi red & inflamed– Coughing brings up mucus– Chronic cilia lining destroyed limit ability to clear mucus

Cause– Bacteria– Prolonged exposure to dust,

chemicals, cigarette smoke

Treatment– Antibiotics,– Chronic no cure but treat with quit smoking,

medications, exercising

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Asthma

Description• Airways inflamed, bronchioles constrict, thus

difficult for air to pass

Cause• Inhaled irritants

pollen, dust, smoke

Treatment• Inhaler medication in mist

or powder• Medication relax muscles around airways

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EmphysemaDescription

– Alveoli lose elasticity, burst, fuse into enlarged spaces reduce SA for gas exchange less O2

Cause– smoking

Treatment• No cure• Use inhaler to open airways,

• O2 tank to boost O2 supply

to body

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Cystic Fibrosis

Description– Thick mucus in lungs inflammation infection due to trapped bacteria

Cause– Gene mutation causes cells lining in

airways to release thick mucus– Pancreatic ducts blocked

Treatment

– Gene therapy– Symptoms treated with medication

to thin mucus– antibiotics

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TUBERCULOSISDescription

– Damages the tissues of the lungs and interferes with gas exchange

Cause– Bacterial infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis

Treatment

– Six-month treatment with antibiotics– Vaccine available protecting children

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Lung Cancer

Description– Uncontrolled cell growth

carcinoma– Cancer cells break away &

spread to other organs

Cause– Smoking– Pollutants, radon gas,

asbestos

Treatment– Radiation, chemotherapy

destroy cancer cells– Surgery or laser surgery

remove tumours

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Hiccups, Yawns, Coughs, Sneezes ????

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• Every once in a while your diaphragm may go into spasms of contractions.

• The reason for this isn’t clear, but the result is: you “hiccup”.

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• diaphragm muscle contracts suddenly, it flattens out and air rapidly rushes in to your lungs.

• To stop this rush the epiglottis clamps down over the trachea (windpipe), producing the “hic” sound.

• The airflow is stopped so quickly by this action that your body suffers a jolt. The “cup” sound is produced by the air rushing out by epiglottis when it relaxes.

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How long do they last?

• In general … a couple of seconds to a couple of minutes….

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World Record Holder!• Charles Osborne started

hiccupping in 1922 and continued hiccupping until February 1990, a total of 68 year!

• The only discomfort from his hiccupping, he claimed, was the constant risk of losing his false teeth!

• During the first few decades, he hiccupped up to 40 times a minute, slowing to 20 a minute in later years.

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How do you cure your hiccups??

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Cures?

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Yawns…

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• If you are forced to sit quietly for a while your breathing may become slow and shallow. Shallow breathing seems to trigger falling asleep.

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• A yawn involves a sudden gasp of air drawn A yawn involves a sudden gasp of air drawn into the lungs. This gasp breaks the slow, into the lungs. This gasp breaks the slow, shallow breathing pattern. You donshallow breathing pattern. You don’’t fall t fall asleep!asleep!

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Interesting Yawning Facts

• The average yawn lasts about six seconds. The average yawn lasts about six seconds.

• Your heart rate can rise as much as 30 percent Your heart rate can rise as much as 30 percent during a yawn. during a yawn.

• 55 percent of people will yawn within five 55 percent of people will yawn within five minutes of seeing someone else yawn. minutes of seeing someone else yawn.

• Blind people yawn more after hearing an audio Blind people yawn more after hearing an audio tape of people yawning. tape of people yawning.

• ReadingReading about yawning will make you yawn. about yawning will make you yawn.

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COUGHS

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Why it happens?

• The surface of the windpipe is very sensitive to touch. Any bits of matter such as food, or dust, or mucus from a runny nose that touch this area cause quite a reaction.

• Your lungs release an explosive blast of air, the cough.

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Remedies

• Some act to turn off the cells that produce the mucus in the nasal and sinus passages.

• Some turn off the part of the brain that sends the nerve signal to start the cough action and may turn off other parts of the brain. As a side-effect of this, you may feel sleepy and dopey.

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SNEEZES

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What is a Sneeze?

• a blast of air that cleans matter, like dust or mucus,

out of the nasal passages.

• is triggered by something irritating the surface of the nasal passage.

• Air speeds of 167 km/h have been recorded during a sneeze