Respiration, Nutrition, Excretion, & Movement

Structural Adaptationsof

Organisms

The break down of glucose to create ATP energy for cells

Occurs in the mitochondriaAccomplished in various ways:

Ex.Single-celled organisms(diffusion)Insects(spiracles & tracheal trunk)Fish(gills)Amphibians(gills & lungs)Reptiles, birds, mammals(lungs)

What is Respiration?

Fish Respiration

Amphibian Respiration

Reptile, Bird, & Mammal Respiration

The absorption of materials for energy or structure

Accomplished in various ways:Examples:

Phagocytosis(protists/plankton)Filter feeders(sponges, mollusks)Digestive system(animals)

What is nutrition?

What is excretion?The removal of unused or unnecessary

materialsAccomplished in various ways:

Examples:Exocytosis(protists/plankton)Filter feeders(sponges, mollusks)Excretory system(animals)

Nutrition & Excretion of Protists

Nutrition & Excretion in filter feeders

Nutrition & Excretion in animals

Structure matches environmental needsExamples:

Cilia/flagella/Pseudopods(single-celled organisms)

Fins(fish, aquatic mammals)Feathers/hollow bones(birds)Tetrapods(amphibians, reptiles, mammals)

How do organisms move?

Single-celled movement

Fish movement

Bird movementHollow bones

Retractable Feathers

Adaptations of

Flight Human Arm

Bird Wing

Bat Wing

Tetrapod movement examples:

Cheetah

OrangutanGroundhog

Structures:1) Leaves

Carry out photosynthesis(make sugar)Release oxygen and absorb carbon dioxideRelease excess water(stomata)

2) RootsAbsorb nutrients(nitrates, phosphates) and waterAnchor the plant

3) StemsSupport branches and leavesTransports materials

Xylem- carries water upPhloem- moves nutrients up and down

What about Plants?

Plant structures: