Respiration exam1. Which of the following muscles contracts during quiet expiration? a. Diaphragm b. Internal intercostals c. External intercostals d. Pectoralis minor e. None of the above 2. Pulmonary surfactant: a. Prevents alveolar collapse b. Reduces alveolar surface tension c. Increases lung compliance d. Is secreted by type II alveolar cells e. All of the above 3. Which of the following factors decreases airway resistance? a. Increased parasympathetic nervous activity b. Epinephrine c. Histamine d. Accumulation of mucus within bronchioles e. None of the above 4. Which of the following is ALWAYS TRUE? a. Intrapulmonary pressure > Atmospheric pressure b. Atmospheric pressure > Intrapulmonary pressure c. Intrapulmonary pressure > Intrapleural pressure d. Intrapleural pressure > Intrapulmonary pressure e. Intrapleural pressure > Atmospheric pressure 5. Surfactant is produced by __________________ and acts to ________________ alveolar surface tension. a. Type I alveolar cells increase b. Type II alveolar cells decrease c. Dust cells increase d. Hepatic cells decrease e. Carbonic anhydrase - decrease 6. Contraction of the diaphragm causes thoracic volume to ____________ and intrapulmonary pressure to _____________. a. Increase increase b. Decrease decrease c. Increase decrease d. Decrease increase 7. Histamine will ______ bronchioles causing resistance to _______and airflow to ________. a. Constrict - increase decrease b. Constrict - decrease increase c. Dilate - increase decrease d. Dilate - decrease increase 8. Which of the following muscles would contract most vigorously if you tried to blow out a candle? a. Diaphragm b. External intercostals c. Rectus abdominus d. Serratus anterior 9. Total lung capacity is equal to: a. Vital capacity x Tidal volume b. Functional residual capacity + Expiratory reserve volume c. Anatomical dead space + Alveolar dead space d. Residual volume + Vital capacity 10. Which of the following describes alveolar ventilation?a) Tidal volume * Respiratory rateb) Dead space * Respiratory ratec) (Tidal volume Dead space) * Respiratory rated) (Tidal volume + Dead space) * Respiratory ratee) Tidal volume Dead space