PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Tek intra-alv (tek.intrapulmonalis)

Perubahan volume paru, tekanan alveoli, tekanan pleura dan tekanan transpulmonaris selama pernapasan biasa/tenang

Faktor yang mempengaruhi ventilasi paru

RESPIRATORY MEMBRANE

1. A layer of surfactant2. The alveolar

epithelium3. An epithelial

basement membrane4. Interstitial space5. A capillary basement

membrane 6. The capillary

endothelial membrane

Fig. The respiratory membrane

Oxygen transport in the blood

• 97% of the O2 carried in chemical combination with hemoglobin in red blood cell

• 3% dissolved state in the water of the plasma.

Oxy-Hb reaction – O2 molecule combine loosely

and reversibly with the heme portion of the Hb

– Depend on O2 pressure in the tissue

CO2 Transport in the blood

CO2 Transport

Other factors ………. (cont.)

1. Pain & emotion: hypothalamus2. Voluntary control: partial, (cerebral cortex —

corticospinal tract to respiratory motoric neuron)

3. Pulmonary irritants (irritant receptors in the airways)

4. Lung hyperinflation (Hering Breuer’s reflex)– Stimulated by stretch receptors (in the pleura, smooth

muscles layer in bronchus & bronchioles) to n. vagus