Resources and development
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RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT
“There is enough for everyone’s need and not for any body’s greed” -MAHATAMA GANDHI
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INTRODUCTION
• Natural resources occur naturally
within environments that exist relatively undisturbed by
mankind, in a natural form. A natural resource is often
characterized by amounts of
biodiversity and geodiversity existent in
various ecosystems.
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WHAT IS IN THE PRESENTATION??
• TYPES OF RESOURCES
• DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCES
• RESOURCE PLANNING
• LAND RESOURCES
• SOIL AS A RESOURCE
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TYPES OF RESOURCESRESOURCES
NATURAL HUMAN
RENEWABLE NON RENEWABLE STRUCTURES & INSTITUTIONS
QUANTITY AND QUALITY
RECYCLABLENON
RECYCLABLECONTINUOUS
BIOLOGICAL
NATURAL VEGETATION
WILDLIFE
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ON THE BASIS OF ORIGIN
• Biotic resources - These are obtained from
the biosphere . It involves living organisms. Like-
human beings , flora and fauna etc.
• Abiotic resources – All those things that are
made of inorganic materials . Like – Metals , rocks
etc.
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ON THE BASIS OF EXHAUSTIBILITY
• Renewable Resources - The resources that can be
renewed or reproduced by physical, chemical &
mechanical processes. For example solar, tidal and
wind energy.
• Non - Renewable Resources - They occur over a
very long geological time, taking millions of years in
their formation.For eg.minerals, coal.
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ON THE BASIS OF OWNERSHIP
• Individual resources: these are owned by
individuals privately. Like land owned by a farmer
allotted to them by government against the
payment of revenue.
• Community owned resources: these include
resources that are accessible to all the members
of the community like the village grazing grounds,
burial groundsetc.
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• National resources: technically speaking all the
resources belong to the nation because the
country has legal powers to acquire even private
property for public good.
• International resources: The oceanic resources
beyond 200nautical miles of the Exclusive
Economic Zone belong to open ocean and no
individual country can utilize these without the
consensus of international institutions.
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ON THE BASIS OF STATUS OF DEVELOPMENT
• Potential resources: resources which have not been put
to use but are found in a region are called potential
resources. Like Rajasthan and Gujarat can be utilized for
their solar and wind energies .
• Developed resources: it includes resources which are
surveyed and their quality and quantity have been
determined for utilization.
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• Stock: the materials in the environment which
have the potential to satisfy human needs but
cannot be used because of technology, are
included among stock.
• Reserves: they are the subset of stock which
are used with the help of existing technical
knowledge. For example water in lakes, dams,
forests etc is a reserve which can be used in the
future.
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DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCES
• It is the process of developing the resources in
order to make them useful for satisfying human
wants. Some resources cannot be used directly.
They have to be processed to make them useful
for satisfying our wants.
• Ex: Land has to be cleared and ploughed for
growing crops. Water has to be taken to the field
to irrigate.
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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT & AGENDA 21
• Sustainable development – It is the
development which is done without
compromising the needs of future generation or
damaging the nature.
• Agenda 21- Aims at achieving global sustainable
development. For diminishing poverty,
environmental damages
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RESOURCE PLANNING
• Resource planning in INDIA is done in the
following ways :-
• Identification and inventory of resources by
surveying and mapping.
• Evolving a planning structure.
• Matching the resource development plans with
overall national development plans.
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LAND USE IN INDIA
43%
27%
30%
Land under important Relief Features
Plains MountainsPlateaus
Forest area in the
country is far lower
than the desired 33%
of geographical area
as it was outlined in
the National Forest
Policy (1952).
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SOIL
• The upper most layer of the earth’s crust which is
loose , broken and useful for plants is called soil.
• Soil is formed mainly due to the process of
weathering. As a result of weathering a layer of
loose rock materials is formed on the land
surface.
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SOIL AS A RESOURCE
• Man depends on the soil directly or indirectly for
his food.
• Agriculture can be practiced only if soils are
available.
• Man gets the materials needed for shelter and
clothing directly (or) indirectly from the soil.
• Soils are essential for the growth of forests.
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TYPES OF SOILS
• Alluvial soil –Alluvial soil is the most fertile and
wide spread soil found in India.It is formed due to
the deposition of fine silt called alluvium by the
rivers.
• Black soil - Regur soils are called black cotton soils
because they are black in colour and are very good
for cotton cultivation. It is made up of extremely fine
clayey materials.
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• Red soils - It is red in colour because of the presence
of iron in it. It is found in Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Andhra
pradesh etc.
• Laterite soils - Laterite soil is formed due to intense
leaching caused by tropical rainfall. Humus content is
less because the micro-organisms get destroyed due
to high temperature.
•
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• Arid soils- Arid soils are red or brown in colour.
They are sandy and saline. Humus and moisture
contents are very less. They can be cultivated
after irrigation.
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MADE BY GROUP ‘VIII’
The members are:-1. ARYAVARTA GIRI – LEADER2. SHWETA PANT – CO-LEADER3. ADITYA VIKRAM RAWAT4. SHREESH KULIYAL5. AYUSH NAWANI